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Pol?tica criminal, saberes criminol?gicos e justi?a penal: que lugar para a PsicologiaSilva J?nior, Nelson Gomes de Sant'Ana e 25 April 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-04-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O sistema de justi?a criminal representa, historicamente, um campo f?rtil para as aproxima??es entre Psicologia e Direito. Nesta seara, podemos observar uma s?rie de mecanismos de controle social e gest?o penal da mis?ria postos em funcionamento cotidianamente como estrat?gia de manuten??o do modo de produ??o capitalista e seus princ?pios. As pr?ticas penais se imp?em com o aux?lio de diferentes discursos criminol?gicos e, concomitantemente, com o apoio de saberes laterais ao Direito, como a Psicologia. Neste campo de tens?es s?o flagrantes os processos de criminaliza??o da pobreza, seletividade penal e encarceramento em massa como dispositivos de classifica??o, conten??o e exterm?nio dos que s?o considerados excedentes ao capitalismo. Em meio a este cen?rio, interessou saber qual lugar tem sido destinado e ocupado pela Psicologia junto ? Justi?a Penal. O objetivo geral desta tese ?, portanto, analisar as rela??es existentes entre a Pol?tica Criminal e os discursos/pr?ticas psicol?gicos ligados ? Justi?a Penal no Brasil. O percurso metodol?gico trilhado iniciou-se com a revis?o da literatura nacional e internacional relacionada ? pol?tica criminal, saberes criminol?gicos tradicionais, criminologia cr?tica e psicologia jur?dica (principalmente ligada ? esfera penal). Como etapa complementar, foram acessados 84 pareceres psicol?gicos presentes em processos criminais de uma Vara de Execu??es Penais sediada em uma capital brasileira. No decorrer do debate te?rico travado ao longo do estudo, fragmentos dos documentos investigados foram confrontados com os postulados da criminologia cr?tica, referencial te?rico central da tese, com vistas a exemplificar argumentos e colaborar com o melhor entendimento da discuss?o apresentada. O trabalho aponta que as pr?ticas psicol?gicas ligadas ao campo penal s?o fortemente influenciadas por pressupostos das Criminologias Liberal e Positivista; que o trabalho do psic?logo majoritariamente corrobora a pol?tica criminal vigente; e que os fazeres psicol?gicos comprometidos com a defesa e promo??o dos direitos humanos ocupam posi??o contra-hegem?nica no ?mbito penal. Conclui-se afirmando as necessidades de participa??o ativa da Psicologia na constru??o de um novo projeto ?tico-pol?tico de sociedade; atua??o profissional como resist?ncia ?s pr?ticas de ortopedia social e; reinven??o das pr?ticas psicol?gicas neste campo de modo a superar as ilus?es burguesas de ressocializa??o, readapta??o e reeduca??o dos autores de crimes. / The criminal justice system has historically represented a fertile field for the interaction between Psychology and Law. In this field, one can observe a series of mechanisms of social control and criminal management of misery which are put into operation daily as a strategy for maintaining the capitalist mode of production and its principles. Different criminological discourses as well as the support of other fields connected to Law, such as Psychology, contribute to imposing criminal practices. Processes of criminalization of poverty, criminal selectivity and mass imprisonment as devices for the classification, confinement and extermination of those considered surplus to capitalism are flagrant. In this scenario, we aimed at investigating the role that Psychology has been assigned and played within Criminal Justice. Therefore, the general objective of this thesis is to analyze the relationship between Criminal Politics and the psychological discourses / practices related to Criminal Justice in Brazil. The methodology involved a review of the national and international literature related to criminal politics, traditional criminological knowledge, critical criminology and legal psychology (mainly linked to the criminal sphere). As a complementary step, we accessed 84 psychological reports included in criminal proceedings of a Court of Criminal Appeals based in a Brazilian capital city. For the theoretical debate proposed in this study, excerpts from the analyzed documents were confronted with the postulates of critical criminology ? central theoretical framework for the thesis ? with a view to exemplifying arguments and collaborating with a better understanding of the discussion. The work points out that the psychological practices related to the criminal field are strongly influenced by the assumptions of Liberal and Positivist Criminologies; that the work of psychologists mostly corroborates current criminal politics; and that the psychological actions taken towards the defense and promotion of human rights occupy a counter-hegemonic position in the criminal sphere. The conclusions emphasize the need for the active participation of Psychology in the construction of a new ethical and political project of society; professional action as a resistance to social orthopedic practices and the reinvention of psychological practices in this field in order to overcome the bourgeois illusions of re-socialization, rehabilitation and re-education of perpetrators.
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