Attempts at treatment and training in correctional institutions have historically preceded the establishment of adequate diagnosis and treatment-planning. Mass work and socialization programmes have generally been instituted in the more treatment-focused correctional systems, not with any realistic assurance that they could be adapted to the individual needs of inmates, but rather because such programmes were considered worthwhile, per se. On the North American continent, new attempts have been made in the past twenty-five years to apply to corrections the principle long-recognized in other treatment fields, i.e., individual diagnosis as the prerequisite to effective treatment. This study briefly reviews the development of correctional classification (diagnosis and treatment-planning) up to the present time, and describes the many penological trends evidenced by this development, in keeping with the various influences of the humanitarians and social scientists. It is suggested, perhaps unconventionally, that the correctional classification process is actually the final step in a series of more general "classifications" by the police, the community, and so forth. Four contemporary classification systems selected for their progressive features are described in detail: (a) the British "Borstal" system, (b) the State of New York, (c) the State of Pennsylvania, and (d) the State of California programmes. These programmes were selected from a wider survey, using the American Prison Association's Directory of Institutions and Manual of Correctional Standards as the criteria for selection. Classification practice within the British Columbia Provincial Gaol Service is next examined and compared with the other systems outlined, for the purposes of assessing the comprehensiveness of the local service and suggesting changes for its improvement. Contributions to classification theory and practice made by social work and related disciplines are evidenced throughout the enquiry. From the systems surveyed, it is apparent that certain features of administration and process are common to all effective classification programmes. Most of these could be incorporated, with appropriate modifications, into existing practice within the Provincial Gaol Service. The possibilities of this development are assessed in the concluding chapter. / Arts, Faculty of / Social Work, School of / Graduate

No description available.

Through an analysis of records from Broadmoor Criminal Lunatic Asylum, this PhD thesis sheds new light on current understandings of the asylum, masculinity and the relationship between medicine and the law in late-Victorian England and Wales. The material consulted includes a database containing the details of 2246 patients which was compiled from the Admissions Registers as part of this thesis, and the case files of 425 male patients. Newspaper reports, trial proceedings, Home Office records, and medical and legal publications are also consulted, as are publications that sought to define ideal behaviour for men. The sources are woven together to formulate accounts of the crimes committed, the subsequent trials, and defendants’ experiences in Broadmoor. Through an examination of new evidence, this thesis surveys the history of the asylum, its staff, treatment and patients. An examination of paternal child-murderers questions the assumption that it was only women who were thought to be going against nature if they killed their child. An analysis of discourses on jealousy highlights that whilst crimes of passion existed in theory and were common narratives in popular culture, jealous wife and sweetheart murderers were subjects of legal and medical contention. Additionally, the thesis adds to current histories on medico-legal conflict in the late-nineteenth century and highlights the haphazard application of the McNaughton Rules through the use of new examples. Finally, an examination of Broadmoor’s insane convicts, as well as the publications and Addresses of Broadmoor’s Superintendents, sheds new light on the question of the criminal, not only in theory but also regarding their treatment in a criminal lunatic asylum from the point of view of the press, Government, and Broadmoor’s staff and patients.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Irving B. Harris School of Public Policy Studies, June 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-107). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 183-202).

Risk and needs assessments are actuarial based instruments that aim to evaluate an (1) offender’s risks including the risk of reoffending, (2) criminogenic needs so they can be targeted in treatment and (3) offender responsivity inclusive of the learning style, motivation, abilities and strengths of the offender (Andrews, Bonta and Wormith, 2011, 735). Since 2006, looking to Western nations as exemplars, the HK Security Bureau’s policy initiatives have introduced a Risk and Needs Assessment Protocol for all local young offenders, and local adult offenders with sentences of two years and above. But one has to question how the policy transfer applies here in Hong Kong. What can Hong Kong’s criminal justice policy makers and practitioners adapt from research conducted in Canada and the United States? Is there anything HK officials can learn from other jurisdictions, both in terms of experiences implementing risk needs tools and the wider socio-cultural context under which such implementation takes place? This study has provided some preliminary answers to these questions through critical analysis and expert interviews. Subsequent analysis on the definition of risk and need under the HK CSD’s protocol outlined a further need for a definition of the responsivity principle. Concerns over the content of responsivity enhancement programs along with its effects on the voluntary participation of young offenders were also discussed in this analysis. Since the initial consultancy was commissioned by the CSD in 2002 to empirically develop and refine the protocol, a follow up study was much needed to suggest improvements. This study has served to fulfill this goal by suggesting improvements in addressing class, gender and racial disparity along with suggestions on operational excellence. Specifically, interviews with leading Canadian risk assessment experts including criminologists and practitioners highlighted four main challenges and three main lessons for HK CSD to examine (p. 57-58). Interviews with Hong Kong risk/needs assessment experts including criminologist and HK CSD practitioners help provide clarification on the risk/need assessment process and how rehabilitative programs operate. Additional analysis on the risk/need assessment instrument used in Hong Kong along with an examination of the questions used by assessors was subsequently conducted. The result challenges the CSD’s Risks and Needs Assessment and Management Protocol for Offenders as a “scientific and evidence based approach to prison management and offender rehabilitation” (CSD Booklet, 201, 3). This conclusion is based on the many social assumptions made on offenders found in the assessment tool and ambiguous design of questions used to evaluate criminogenic need. / published_or_final_version / Criminology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypotheses that the thirteen independent or predictor variables selected from the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS), the F-Scale; Forms 40 and 45 (F-Scale), and the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF), would be significant discriminators between the criterion variables, which were matched-pair groups of law enforcement officers and convicted felons.A review of the relevant literature on available crime statistics in contemporary society, and on the selection, training, and education of police officers supported the need for this study. In addition, the research indicated that techniques for reliably evaluating characteristics that contribute to psychologically effective law enforcement officers were not extant.A total of fifty subjects participated in this study. Twenty-five law enforcement officers were matched in pairs with twenty-five convicted felons on the extraneous variables of age, race, sex, scholastic capacity, and socio-economic status. The law enforcement officers were agents of a state police organization, a county police department, four city police departments, and a university police department, located in the Midwest, whose official function was maintenance of law and order, peace-keeping, and enforcement of the regular criminal code. The convicted felons were inmates of a county jail in the same Midwestern state, who had been adjudicated through due process of the commission of a crime of such a serious nature that they had been sentenced to a year or more in a correctional institution. The total population in the study ranged between the ages of 21-2 and 49-1.Three instruments were used to measure personality needs and traits of the subjects in the two groups. They included 13 needs, factor-dimensions, scores, and traits selected from a possible 41 measured by the EPPS, the F-Scale, and the 16 PF. The administration, scoring, computer analyses, and interpretation was done between June 1, 1973, and July 4, 1974.Statistical treatment of the data consisted of the application of a stepwise multiple regression. A level of F ratio for entering and removing a variable from the equation was specified. At each step in the regression, the variable that made the treatest increment to R2 was entered, if it exceeded the prespecified F for entering a variable. The contribution of each variable was examined by entering it last in the equation until no variable had an F to enter larger than the prespecified F for entering, and no smaller than the prescribed F for removal. Additionally, a multi-variate stepwise discriminant analysis was run on the data. The results were congruent with those achieved by the stepwise multiple regression.The results indicated that predictor variables factor-dimension Q4 (Ergic Tension) of the 16 PF, the final score on the F-Scale (Authoritarianism) and the Change and Dominance variables of the EPPS were the best discriminators between the criterion variables. The measure of Ergic Tension was the strongest predictor variable, accounting for 41.76 percent of the variance. The measure 9.71 percent, the change variable accounted for 4.74 percent, and the of authoritarianism accounted for four predictor variables that were dominance variable accounted for 3.77 percent of the variance. The needs for aggression, exhibition, heterosexuality, amounts of ego strength, submissiveness, protension, shrewdness, guilt proneness, and strength of self sentiment, as measured by the EPPS and the 16 PF were not significant predictors and did not discriminate between the criterion variables in this study.An additional finding of the study was that given the raw scores of one hundred individuals on the significant discriminators between the law enforcement officers and the convicted felons, the examiner could correctly discriminate between the two in eight-four of one hundred cases.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2004. / Adviser: Lisa M. Shin. Submitted to the Dept. of Psychology. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-135). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;

Thesis (M.A.)--Duquesne University, 2007. / Title from document title page. Abstract included in electronic submission form. Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-46).