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Gestão de múltiplos projetos em uma empresa de bens de capital: uso do método da corrente crítica aplicando lógica fuzzy para cálculo de pulmão de tempoCampanini, Luciano 18 June 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-06-18 / This study approach the Critical Chain Method. This method is the Theory of Constraints applied to project management. The main contribution of this thesis is to propose a method for determining buffer size. Some literature reviews were performed on research methodology, production systems, project management, Critical Chain and Fuzzy Logic. A case study in a multiple project environment in a company that works with engineering to orders in the segment of capital goods was done. At the literature for determining buffer size, were identified in addition to the original method "Cut and Paste Method" proposed by Goldratt, four other methods: "Root Square Error Method (RSEM)", "Adaptive Procedure with Density (APD)," Adaptive Procedure with Resource Tightness (APRT) "and" Improved Root Square Error Method (IRSEM)". In the literature considered in this work, there was no application of any of the Critical Chain method in cases of multiple projects, with these four methods for determining buffer size. For the proposal of a new method for determining buffer size, elaborated in this thesis, we considered five variables that influence the outcome of the contracts and thus integrate the formulation. They are: contractual penalty, profit margin, customer importance, project complexity and resource constraints. Fuzzy logic is used to establish an adjustment factor to determining the buffer size. All these methods were simulated in the environment of multiple projects studied and some indicators were compared. In general, the proposed of buffer size using Fuzzy Logic allows the use of a greater number of project specific characteristics to determining the buffer size and the results of applications were goods when compared with other buffer size methods considered in this literature. / Este estudo tem como foco o método de gerenciamento de projetos originado da Teoria das Restrições chamado de Corrente Crítica. A principal contribuição desta tese está na proposta de um método para cálculo de pulmão de tempo. Para isso, foram realizadas algumas revisões bibliográficas sobre metodologia de pesquisa, sistemas de produção, gerenciamento de projetos, Corrente Crítica e Lógica Fuzzy. Foi realizado também um estudo de caso em um ambiente de múltiplos projetos em uma empresa que trabalha com pedidos sob encomenda no segmento de Bens de Capital. Na literatura para cálculo de pulmão de tempo, foram identificados, além do método original Cortar e Colar proposto por Goldratt, outros quatro métodos: Método da Raiz Quadrada do Erro , Procedimento Adaptativo com Densidade , Procedimento Adaptativo com Escassez de Recurso e Método Melhorado da Raiz Quadrada do Erro . Na bibliografia considerada neste trabalho, não se observou nenhuma aplicação desses quatro métodos para cálculo de pulmão de tempo em ambientes de múltiplos projetos. Para a proposta de um novo método para cálculo de pulmão de tempo, foram consideradas cinco variáveis que influenciam no resultado dos contratos e, dessa forma, participaram dos cálculos: multa contratual, margem de lucro, importância do cliente, complexidade do projeto e escassez de recurso. A Lógica Fuzzy foi utilizada para estabelecer um fator de ajuste do pulmão de tempo. Todos esses métodos foram simulados no ambiente de múltiplos projetos estudado e alguns indicadores foram comparados. Em geral, a aplicação da proposta para cálculo de pulmão de tempo utilizando a Lógica Fuzzy, além de permitir a utilização de um número maior de características específicas do projeto no dimensionamento dos pulmões de tempo, apresentou bons resultados em comparação com os demais métodos considerados neste trabalho.
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Gerenciamento de prazos: uma revisão crítica das técnicas em uso em empreendimentos em regime EPC. / Time management: a critical review of the techniques used in EPC projects.Carlos Augusto Dornellas do Nascimento 14 March 2007 (has links)
O segmento de Consultoria em Engenharia, ao lado das Universidades e Centros de Pesquisas, é um dos pilares do desenvolvimento científico-tecnológico do país e é considerado um dos responsáveis pela otimização de investimentos, redução dos prazos e dos custos de implantação de empreendimentos públicos e privados, industrial ou de infra-estrutura. Atualmente, esses empreendimentos vêm passando por modificações significativas, exigindo cada vez um melhor desempenho de seus contratados, tanto nos aspectos de qualidade, desempenho, prazo e custos, quanto nos aspectos associados aos riscos contratuais, pois tornaram -se freqüentes contratações nas modalidades EPC (engineering, procurement, construction) e \"turn-key\". Neste novo cenário, as organizações precisam ser mais competitivas para sobreviverem às condições impostas pelo mercado, e, neste novo contexto, o gerenciamento de prazos tem-se tornado um fator crítico de sucesso. Esta dissertação desenvolve uma extensa revisão das técnicas de gerenciamento de prazos, com ênfase na etapa de programação, e uma análise comparativa das principais técnicas utilizadas no gerenciamento de projetos. Para isto, tomou-se como referência o caso de um projeto real, contratado mediante a modalidade EPC, em desenvolvimento por uma Empresa de Consultoria em Engenharia. Foi realizada a comparação entre os Métodos do Caminho Crítico, Corrente Crítica, Análises Probabilísticas e de Monte Carlo, abordando a aplicabilidade dessas técnicas neste caso. Ao final é feita uma síntese dos principais resultados alcançados, bem como dos requisitos demandados na aplicação de cada uma destas técnicas. / The segment of Consultancy in Engineering, as well as the Universities and the Research Centers are some of the pillars of the scientific -technological development in the country and they have been responsible for optimizing the investments, reducing the deadlines and the costs of project implementation in the public and private sectors, along with the industrial and infra-structure sectors. Nowadays, these projects have been going through major changes, which have demanded better performances from those who are contracted, in areas such as the quality control, performa nces, time and costs, as well as the contract risks, which more often than ever, have fallen into the EPC category (engineering, procurement, and construction) and the \'turn-key\' category. In this new scenario, companies need to be more competitive to live through the conditions imposed by the market, and, in this new context, time management has turned into a critical success factor. This dissertation develops an extensive review of the time management techniques focusing on scheduling and also a comparative analysis of the most important techniques used in Project Management. To do that, a real project was created as reference case in which the EPC category was defined and was developed by an Engineering Consultancy. A comparison among The Critical Path Method and The Critical Chain, Probability Analysis Method and The Monte Carlo Method was made, and it approached the applicability of these techniques in this case. At the end, there is a summary of the most important outcomes, as well as the necessary conditions to apply each of these techniques.
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Aplikace moderních prvků v klasickém projektovém řízení / Application of modern elements in classical project managementOrszágh, Martin January 2013 (has links)
This thesis deals with project management and with different ways in which can be cur-rently approached. Beside the conventional, classical approach based on processes, modern approaches based on the theory of constraints and agile principles are discussed. Based on analysis, the main objective of the thesis is firstly to find weaknesses in the classical project management and strong key elements of modern approaches and after that to make suggestions to enhance the classical approach with the selected strong elements of modern approaches.
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Návrh metodiky projektového řízení v reklamní agentuře / Design of Project Management Methodology for an Advertising AgencyNedomlel, Jiří January 2012 (has links)
The thesis deals with project management in an advertising agency. It analyzes the current methodology of the agency project management, defines its weak points, and proposes a set of improvements to this methodology. This goal is achieved through analysis of the project management of the agency using the Theory of Constraints methodology and comparison with the methodologies and best practices of the project management in the industry. The first part describes the common project management methodologies, the specifics of the project management in advertising agencies and the Theory of Constraints. The second part analyzes a particular advertising agency using the Theory of Constraints and proposes a set of changes to its methodology, mostly in the area of project planning and project management. The merit and main output of the work consists of the proposed changes to the advertising agency project management methodology.
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Přínos k optimalizaci projektového plánování v zakázkové výrobě / Benefit to Optimalization of Project Planning in Custom ManufacturingŠikulová, Iva January 2011 (has links)
This master’s thesis analyses problems which are related to planning of orders in form of projects in custom manufacturing in a particular company. The basic for this work is the evaluation of analysis of actual planning of orders situation. On the basis of this analysis is proposed further recommendation for optimalization of project planning in custom Manufacturing whose creating was the main content this master’s thesis.
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Lean project management. Assessment of project risk management processesAlcaraz Bosca, Neus January 2012 (has links)
Traditional methods of project management are not appropriate for complex projects anymore. Since projects are becoming increasingly complex and uncertain, interaction between activities and resources is growing in ways not considered by these methods. Nowadays, managers need more agile project management methods that are able to recognize and deal with uncertainty and to produce the expected results. Lean project management, the most recent approach of lean methodology, appears as an alternative approach capable of dealing with complexity and uncertainty. The latest investigations in the field show that traditional methods are still adequate for simple projects, while lean methods are more appropriate for complex projects. This thesis aims to investigate the nature of lean project management and to examine project risk management processes so that managers can assess the complexity of projects before their beginning and decide which method to apply in order to manage them.
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METODOLOGIA PARA GERENCIAMENTO DE RISCOS EM PROJETOS DE TRANSMISSÃO DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA COM FOCO NO PRAZO DE CONCLUSÃO APLICANDO O GERENCIAMENTO DE PROJETOS PELA CORRENTE CRÍTICA E SIMULAÇÃO DE MONTE CARLO / METHODOLOGY FOR RISK MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRIC ENERGY TRANSMISSION PROJECTS WITH FOCUS ON THE TIME FOR COMPLETION ADOPTING THE CRITICAL CHAIN AND MONTE CARLO SIMULATION FOR PROJECT MANAGEMENTPimentel, Jacinto Maia 18 October 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-10-18 / The construction of electricity generation projects are held in places where there are specific
conditions for its implementation, and it appears that these are not always close to the
consumer markets. The energy needs to be transported to the consumption centers located
many kilometers away, and to this end are used to power transmission lines. These
developments are characterized by many different situations that impact on their time of
completion.
In order to pursue project management options so that deadlines are met, this research applies
a risk management methodology for projects by means of the quantitative risk assessment. It
is addressed to the energy transmission area with a focus on the project deadline. The
proposed model adopts the Critical Chain Project Management – CCPM, whereby the
appropriate activities duration are those achievable in the shortest time as possible. The use of
CCPM calls for the application of buffers along the project schedule to control the
uncertainties. The proposed methodology applies the Monte Carlo Simulation – MCS to the schedule, associating the Minimum, Most likely and Maximum times to the activities. The
identified risks are related to these activities. The outcome resulting from the proposed
methodology is quantitative and provides useful information to containment and contingency
actions. / A construção dos empreendimentos de geração de energia elétrica é realizada nos locais onde
existem condições específicas para sua implantação, e, nem sempre estes são próximos aos
centros consumidores. A energia gerada necessita ser transportada para os centros de consumo
localizados a muitos quilômetros de distância, e, para tal são utilizadas as Linhas de
Transmissão de Energia. Estes empreendimentos caracterizam-se por encontrar situações
diversas e que impactam no seu prazo de conclusão.
Com o objetivo de buscar opções de gerenciamento de projetos para que os prazos sejam
alcançados, esta pesquisa aplica uma metodologia para gestão dos riscos em projetos, com a
aplicação de análise quantitativa dos riscos. Será aplicada na área de transmissão de energia
com foco no prazo de conclusão. O modelo proposto utiliza o método do Gerenciamento de
Projeto pela Corrente Crítica – CCPM, por meio do qual as durações das atividades
consideradas são aquelas exequíveis no menor prazo possível. O uso da CCPM prevê a
introdução de buffers no cronograma do projeto para controlar as incertezas. A metodologia proposta aplica ao cronograma a Simulação de Monte Carlo- SMC, associando às suas
atividades o prazo Mínimo, Mais Provável e Máximo. Os riscos identificados são associados
às atividades. O resultado da aplicação da metodologia proposta é uma análise dos riscos do
projeto indicando a probabilidade de consumo dos buffers, as atividades que mais impactam
no seu consumo e os riscos associados a estas. O resultado desta análise é quantitativa e gera
informações úteis para ações de contenção e contingência.
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Planejamento e controle de cronograma físico de obras por mei oda corrente crítica no Ms Project / Planning and control of construction work's physical schedule by critical chain in Ms ProjectResende, Vitor Hugo Martins e 27 August 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-08-27 / We noticed that even with the diversity of computational tools, along with the management, a lack of efficiency in meeting project deadlines in construction work. Several studies indicate failures in project management, highlighting the existence of problems related to planning and control of construction works, as the most recurring. The critical chain is an application of the theory of constraints in project management that aims to meet the deadlines, through the lungs management of consumption. In this context, the present study evaluates the implementation of the critical chain methodology in a physical planning using Ms Project as management software, in a construction work company. The methodology used was a case study and was conducted in two projects, located in the cities of Guapó and Palmeiras de Goiás, in the State of Goiás. According to the study, as the application in construction work, the results show that the Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) can be applied in compliance with all steps recommended by the theory. Regarding the fulfillment of the project’s deadline, the study showed that in companies with emphasized problems in planning and financing, delays continue. In the financial aspect, we noticed that the delay in transferring funds by the funding agency, attached to the Federal Government, to the company impacted directly on planning the purchase of materials, equipment and workforce. The methodology of critical current proved to be applicable to the construction work sector and the Ms Project software, but with limitations. Among the limits, it is worth mentioning the use in very extensive schedules and the carrying out of steps without the aid of automatic functions or the method known as "manual", in Ms Project. As a solution to this limitation, the study presents the use of Ms Project on critical chain using automatic routines (macros). As a result, while using the "manual" it was noticed a significantly higher period of time, compared with the automatic, in addition to the possibility of errors in data entry and reworking. In automatic method, the time is reduced and errors and reworking are eliminated. Both in the "manual" method, as the automatic method, the steps of creating convergence lungs and the late start of the tasks are not feasible for long schedules, which are characteristic of real estate undertakings of social interest. / Observa-se que, mesmo com a diversidade de ferramentas computacionais, aliada à gestão, constata-se a ineficiência no cumprimento dos prazos de projetos na construção civil. Diversos estudos apontam para as falhas no gerenciamento de projetos, destacando-se a existência de problemas relacionados ao planejamento e controle em obras, como os mais recorrentes. A corrente crítica é uma aplicação da teoria das restrições em gerenciamento de projetos que tem como objetivo atender aos prazos estipulados, por meio do gerenciamento do consumo dos pulmões. Diante desse contexto, a presente pesquisa avalia a aplicação da metodologia da corrente crítica, em um planejamento físico, utilizando o Ms Project como software de gestão, em uma empresa da construção civil. A metodologia utilizada classifica-se como estudo de caso e foi realizada em dois empreendimentos, localizados nas cidades de Guapó e de Palmeiras de Goiás, Estado de Goiás. De acordo com a pesquisa, quanto à aplicação na construção civil, os resultados apontam que a Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) pode ser aplicada cumprindo todos os passos preconizados pela teoria. Quanto ao cumprimento do prazo do projeto, a pesquisa mostrou que, em empresas com problemas acentuados de planejamento e financeiros, os atrasos continuam. No aspecto financeiro, pode-se constatar que o aumento no tempo de repasse financeiro pelo órgão financiador, ligado ao Governo Federal, para a empresa, impactou diretamente no planejamento da aquisição de materiais, de equipamentos e mão de obra. A metodologia da corrente crítica se mostrou aplicável ao setor da construção civil e ao software Ms Project, mas com limitações. Dentre as limitações, destaca-se a aplicação em cronogramas muito extensos e a realização dos passos sem o auxílio de funções automáticas ou denominado, nesta pesquisa, de método “manual”, no Ms Project. Como solução para essa limitação, a pesquisa apresenta a utilização do Ms Project para a corrente crítica, por meio de rotinas automáticas (macros). Como resultados, no método “manual” se percebe um tempo significativamente elevado, comparado com o automático, além da possibilidade de inserção de erros de dados e de retrabalhos. No método automático, o tempo é reduzido e os erros e retrabalhos são eliminados. Tanto no método “manual”, quanto no método automático, os passos de criação de pulmões de convergência e o início tardio das tarefas não são viáveis para cronogramas extensos, característicos para empreendimentos habitacionais de interesse social.
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Tvorba softwarové podpory metody CCPM v prostředí MS Project / Development of software support for CCPM method in MS ProjectHerout, Jan January 2009 (has links)
Project management, to which the thesis "Development of software support for CCPM method in MS Project" aims, is a very important part of everyday life for most present companies. The project management has gone through rapid development, through the second half of last century, during which many new techniques and methods, for planning and managing projects, were developed. One of these methods was critical chain project management method (CCPM), developed by E. M. Goldratt in the mid 80th of last century. At the end of the 20th century the market began to be flooded by software applications which supported project management, thanks to the boom of information and communication technologies. Because the CCPM method is still too young, there is only a very little amount of products aimed at this method. Author of the thesis took as its main objective the development of a software application that would serve to support the project management by CCPM method, and will work as an extension to an existing, widely used product, MS Project. To achieve this objective, few secondary objectives have to be met. The first is to characterize methods for project management with a focus on the critical chain project management method, including the description of the advantages and disadvantages of this method. These objectives will be achieved with the help of literature search, supplemented by knowledge gained by studying the issue at the college. Another secondary objective is to find, analyze and compare existing software used for project management support with CCPM method. For the primary analysis the author mainly uses information supplied by developers of these products, for the deeper analysis is used a model project that examines the behavior of the application in standard situations. For product comparison is made a group of criteria, which can also serve for potential readers as the basis for decision of the choice of suitable application for their needs. The main objective of the work, the development of the application, is based on the requirements set on the basis of information obtained from literature and on the results from testing of existing applications. This application is considered to be the greatest benefit of the thesis. In the end of the thesis the newly developed application is compared with existing products, by testing on a model project and by evaluating with a group of criteria established for evaluation of existing products.
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Propuesta para optimizar la programación y control de equipos compartidos para empresas constructoras mediante una herramienta tecnológica / Proposal to optimize the programming and control of shared equipment for construction companies througth a technological toolChipana Gutierrez, Rocio Marisol, Portilla Gutierrez, Indira Zenina 14 January 2021 (has links)
En el presente artículo científico se muestra la problemática que existe en la gestión de equipos compartidos por una mala programación y control a través del estudio de un multiproyecto. Se identifica la metodología aplicada para poder proceder al diseño del software GesZech con la finalidad de poder mejorar la problemática y estar a la atura de los programas existentes en la actualidad. Esta herramienta está basada en el método de la cadena crítica y utiliza diagramas de Gantt como resultado a la programación realizada, también cuenta con opciones para el control de cumplimiento de la ejecución del equipo y medir su rendimiento a través de indicadores; además, todos los cambios realizados se pueden observar a tiempo real. En la empresa donde se ha realiza la implementación aumenta el rendimiento de los equipos en un 10% y mejorar el control en campo en un 30% a partir de su aplicación. / This scientific article shows the problems that exist in the management of shared equipment due to poor programming and control of these through the study of a multiproject. The methodology applied is identified to be able to proceed to the design of the GesZech software in order to be able to improve the problem and be up to date with the programs that currently exist. This tool is based on the critical chain method and uses Gantt charts because of the scheduling carried out. It also has options to control compliance with the team's execution and measure its performance through indicators; Furthermore, all changes made can be observed in real time. In the company where the implementation has been carried out, the performance of the equipment increases by 10% and improves control in the field by 70% from its application. / Trabajo de investigación
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