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Physiological Muscle Qualitative Changes In Response To Resistance Training In Older AdultsScanlon, Tyler 01 January 2013 (has links)
Muscle function is determined by structure and morphology at the architectural level. In response to resistance training, older adults have demonstrated that the neuromuscular system has a substantial adaptability, which may compensate for muscle size and quality and lead to improved functional capacities and higher quality of life. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of six weeks of progressive resistance exercise on muscle morphology and architecture in healthy older adults. METHODS: Twenty- five healthy men and women were randomly assigned to either six weeks of progressive resistance training (RT) (n=13; age = 71.08 ± 6.75, BMI = 28.5 ± 5.22) or to serve as a control (CON) (n = 12; age = 70.17 ± 5.58, BMI = 27.52 ± 5.6). Fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), and lean thigh mass (LTM) were evaluated using dual x-ray absorptiometry. Lower body strength was estimated by predicting maximal knee extensor strength (1RM). Muscle quality (MQ) was evaluated as strength per unit mass (kg/kg). Cross-sectional area (CSA), muscle thickness (MT), fascicle length (Lf), pennation angle (cosΘ), and echo intensity (EI) of the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) were collected using B-mode ultrasound and extended field of view (FOV) ultrasound. EI was quantified using grayscale analysis software. Strength per unit of echo intensity (REI) was determined by dividing 1RM by EI of the thigh. Physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) was calculated as the ratio of (CSA x cosΘ) / (EI x Lf). A 2x2 (group [exercise vs. control] x time [pre vs. post]) repeated measures ANOVA was used to identify group differences and group x time interactions and stepwise regression was performed to assess variables related to strength. RESULTS: 1RM increased by 31.9% (p ≤ 0.01) in the RT group and was significantly correlated to PCSA of the thigh (r = .579; p = .003) at baseline. MQ increased 31.4% (p ≤ 0.01) in the RT group consistent iv with an REI increase of 33.3% (p ≤ 0.01). There were no significant changes in LTM in either group. VL CSA increased 7.4%, (p ≤ 0.05) and demonstrated a significant interaction (p ≤ 0.05) in the RT group. There were no significant changes in the CON group for 1RM, MQ, REI or VL CSA. PCSA demonstrated a significant (p ≤ 0.05) group x time interaction but did not significantly change in either group. EI did not significantly change in the RT or CON groups. CONCLUSION: Calculated PCSA of the thigh assessed by ultrasound was related to the force producing capacity of muscle and demonstrated a significant interaction following resistance training. Short term resistance exercise training was effective in increasing 1RM, muscle quality as relative strength, muscle quality as relative echo intensity, and muscle morphology, but not EI. In addition, ultrasonography appears to be a safe, feasible, informative and sensitive clinical technique to aid in our understanding of muscle strength, function, and quality.
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Determination of a Catalytic Mechanism by Time Resolved Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Time Domain Analysis of Data from Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass SpectrometryDavis, Jacob T. 12 December 2022 (has links)
Heterobimetallic catalysts offer large potential for efficient and selective catalysis of a wide range of reactions. Better understanding of these catalytic mechanisms could yield further improvement in their catalytic abilities. Cp(CO)2Fe-Cu(IPr) (IPr = N,N-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) is a catalyst that has been reported to catalyze arene borylation. The catalytic mechanism of this catalyst that had been previously proposed had the initial step being a metal-metal cleavage. However, computational modeling suggested an alternate mechanism that could be more energetically favorable. Rather than a metal-metal cleavage as the initial step, we proposed a photoactivated carbonyl dissociation. To support this proposition, we performed time resolved Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy experiments that found evidence supporting our proposed mechanism. Based on these experimental results, we have proposed a new catalytic cycle. The determination of collisional cross section is a powerful tool in analytical chemistry for distinguishing isomers. Techniques such as ion mobility spectrometry can be used to find the collisional cross section of ions but require specialized equipment. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry is a widely used technique for determining ion mass. A technique known as CRoss sectional Area from Fourier Transform Ion cyclotron resonance (CRAFTI) uses a standard FTICR instrument to measure the collisional cross section of ions. This is done by performing a Fourier transform on the data and measuring the Lorenztian width of the peak at the resonant frequency and relating that to the exponential decay of the signal in the time domain. We developed a new data analysis technique that is able to extract just the signal at the resonant frequency in the time domain and directly fit the exponential decay. This new data analysis technique opens new possibilities for expanding the capabilities of CRAFTI measurements, including simultaneous measurement of isomers and a new experimental technique that could measure ions above the mass limit of traditional CRAFTI measurements.
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Cross-sectional study on the characteristics of unrecorded alcohol consumption in nine newly independent states between 2013 and 2017Probst, Charlotte, Manthey, Jakob, Ferreira-Borges, Carina, Neufeld, Maria, Rakovac, Ivo, Andreasyan, Diana, Sturua, Lela, Novik, Irina, Hagverdiyev, Gahraman, Obreja, Galina, Altymysheva, Nurila, Ergeshov, Muhammet, Shukrov, Shukhrat, Saifuddinov, Safar, Rehm, Jürgen 23 January 2023 (has links)
Objectives: As unrecorded alcohol use contributes to a
substantial burden of disease, this study characterises
this phenomenon in newly independent states (NIS) of
the former Soviet Union with regard to the sources of
unrecorded alcohol, and the proportion of unrecorded
of total alcohol consumption. We also investigate
associated sociodemographic characteristics and
drinking patterns.
Design: Cross-sectional
data on overall and unrecorded
alcohol use in the past 7 days from WHO STEPwise
Approach to NCD Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS) surveys.
Descriptive statistics were calculated at the country level,
hierarchical logistic and linear regression models were
used to investigate sociodemographic characteristics
and drinking patterns associated with using unrecorded
alcohol.
Setting: Nine NIS (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia,
Kyrgyzstan, Republic of Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan
and Uzbekistan) in the years 2013–2017.
Participants: Nationally representative samples including
a total of 36 259 participants.
Results: A total of 6251 participants (19.7%; 95% CI
7.9% to 31.5%) reported alcohol consumption in the past
7 days, 2185 of which (35.1%; 95% CI 8.2% to 62.0%)
reported unrecorded alcohol consumption with pronounced
differences between countries. The population-weighted
average proportion of unrecorded consumption in nine NIS
was 8.7% (95% CI 5.9% to 12.4%). The most common
type of unrecorded alcohol was home-made
spirits,
followed by home-made
beer and wine. Older (45–69 vs
25–44 years) and unemployed (vs employed) participants
had higher odds of using unrecorded alcohol. More
nuanced sociodemographic differences were observed for
specific types of unrecorded alcohol.
Conclusions This contribution is the first to highlight
both, prevalence and composition of unrecorded alcohol
consumption in nine NIS. The observed proportions and
sources of unrecorded alcohol are discussed in light of
local challenges in policy implementation, especially in
regard to the newly formed Eurasian Economic Union
(EAEU), as some but not all NIS are in the EAEU.
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Workplace Violence Prevention Training: A Cross-sectional Study of Home Healthcare WorkersSmall, Tamara 22 October 2020 (has links)
No description available.
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Dyslipidemia and the Prevalence of Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Chinese Adults Without Type 2 Diabetes MellitusCheng, Wenke, Zhuang, Jingqi, Chen, Siwei 20 October 2023 (has links)
Background: In clinical practice, it is frequently observed that patients with hypertension often coexist with dyslipidemia. However, studies on atherosclerotic indices and the prevalence of hypertension are still limited. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between atherosclerotic indices and the prevalence of hypertension in Chinese adults without type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods: In this paper, a cross-sectional study was conducted based on 117,056 adults in 11 Chinese cities (Shanghai, Beijing, Wuhan, Suzhou, Shenzhen, Changzhou, Nantong, Guangzhou, Hefei, Nanjing, and Chengdu) from 2010 to 2016. Besides, the raw data was obtained from the public database (www.Datadryad.org), while eight atherosclerosis indices namely the atherogenic coefficient (AC), Castelli's risk index I (CRI-I) and II (CRI-II), the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), the cholesterol index, the lipoprotein combined index (LCI), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) were analyzed in this study. Apart from that, two groups of continuous variables were measured using the Mann-Whitney test, and categorical variables were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Differences between multiple groups of continuous variables were investigated using Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Dunn's test. Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between atherosclerotic indices and blood pressure levels, and the prevalence of hypertension, respectively. The results of multivariate logistic regression analyses were expressed as the odds ratio (OR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Moreover, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was depicted to further analyze the predictive value of the atherosclerotic indices on the prevalence of hypertension.
Results: The atherosclerosis indices were higher in the hypertensive population compared to those in the normotensive population. Meanwhile, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were linearly and positively correlated with atherosclerotic indices. In addition, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the cholesterol index and non-HDL-C were observed to be positively associated with the prevalence of hypertension (p for trend < 0.05). Moreover, the prevalence of hypertension increased by 3.7% (OR: 1.037; 95% CI: 1.009-1.065; p = 0.009) and 6.1% (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.033-1.091; p < 0.001), respectively, as per 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in the cholesterol index and non-HDL-C. Beyond that, ROC analysis demonstrated that the cholesterol index and non-HDL-C have a good predictive value for the prevalence of hypertension in women, with under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.659 and 0.684 and cut-off values of 47.94 and 134.34 mg/dl, accordingly.
Conclusions: In Chinese adults without type 2 diabetes mellitus, atherosclerotic indices were significantly higher in hypertensive populations compared with those in normotensive populations, regardless of hypertension levels. Meanwhile, SBP and DBP were linearly and positively related to atherosclerotic indices. Besides, the cholesterol index and non-HDL-C were independent risk factors for the prevalence of hypertension, and they could be adopted for effectively predicting the prevalence of hypertension in women.
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Self-Reported Health among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Multimethod Study to Understand the Complexity and Role of Adaptation to Health AdversityWhitmore, Carly January 2022 (has links)
Self-reported health is typically captured as a response to the question, “In general, would you rate your health as excellent, very good, good, fair or poor?” Among community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years), self-reported health decreases as the number of chronic conditions increases. Despite this well-documented relationship, little is known about how other sociodemographic or health-related factors may shape this relationship, what may predict high self-reported health among this population, or how older adults perceive these factors as influencing their perceptions of health. Informed by the Lifecourse Model of Multimorbidity Resilience, the objective of this multimethod research study was to advance understanding of self-reported health among community-dwelling older adults. To this end, four research studies were completed: 1) scoping review of the factors associated with self-reported health, 2) cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging to understand the relationship between multimorbidity and self-reported health and the factors that predict high self-reported health; 3) qualitative case study to explore the influence of individual, social, and environmental factors on self-reported health, including multimorbidity resilience, in community-dwelling older adults, and; 4) a multimethod study that brought together all findings in a matrix analysis. From this work, two meta-inferences were generated: 1) the factors that shape self-reported health are multidimensional and complex; and 2) adaptation to health adversity, resulting from experiences acquired over the lifecourse, shape how older adults perceive their health. Findings from this work advance three implications. First, there is a need to use and apply information gained by asking about self-reported health in clinical practice to inform care planning. Second, there is a need for whole person care to guide health and social care policy for older adults. Third, future health research must further explore longitudinal understanding of self-reported health as well as additional qualitative understanding of the differences of those older adults with the well-being paradox. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Stressors and coping strategies of children with cancer and healthy children: A cross-sectional studyBull, Beth Anne January 1994 (has links)
No description available.
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The Deterrent Effect of Traffic Enforcement on Ohio Crashes, 1995-2004Falinski, Giles L. 09 July 2009 (has links)
No description available.
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A Study on the Effect of Cross-Sectional Geometry on Energy Absorption of Thin-Walled TubesEboreime, Ohioma 23 September 2014 (has links)
No description available.
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THE INFLUENCE OF STATE-LEVEL RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY INSTRUMENTS ON ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN THE UNITED STATES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL TIME SERIES ANALYSISPark, Sunjoo 12 September 2013 (has links)
No description available.
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