Nowadays, cruise tourism is playing a significant role in international tourism and has brought vital economic benefits to ports and destinations. Apart from the economic impact, cruise tourism can also influence a destination in social and environmental aspects. Many researchers have highlighted that understanding how value creation can be achieved from cruise arrivals is vital to local businesses and cruise destinations. However, current research on the value creation of cruise tourism has some gaps such as the limited study sites and the lack of research on social and environmental aspects of sustainability. Gotland is the largest island in the Baltic Sea. As a newly constructed cruise destination, research about the island is not yet as much as destinations like the Caribbean, and the existing research has primarily used qualitative methods. This thesis draws on data from the sustainable visits project in 2018 and uses multiple regression research methods to construct three regression models for empirically analyzing the relationships between on-shore activity, tourism information and tourist's satisfaction on Gotland, and the impact of destination satisfaction on expenditure behavior. The purpose of this thesis is to study the sustainable value creation of cruise tourism on Gotland, Sweden, and contribute to the sustainable development of it as a tourism destination. The study results show that the more abundant on-shore activities one enjoys, the higher the cruiser’s destination satisfaction. The more tourism information about the destination one knows, the higher the cruiser’s destination satisfaction. The higher the cruiser’s destination satisfaction, the larger the cruiser's expenditure in the destination is. Thus, it is suggested to all stakeholders work on enriching on-shore activities as well as providing more high-quality tourism information through collaboration, and thus bringing more tourism expenditure.

Les progrès dans les domaines des véhicules autonomes, l'hybridation du groupe motopropulseur et les systèmes de transport intelligents (STI) signifient que l'automobile en tant que machine est sur le point d'être réinventée. Les trois domaines technologiques sus-cités ont ouvert des portes sur des avancées possibles au niveau de l'amélioration de la sécurité routière et de l'efficacité énergétique des véhicules qui étaient auparavant limitées en raison de plusieurs facteurs, comme les capacités de détection et de puissance de calcul. Dans ce contexte, un contrôleur de la dynamique longitudinale du véhicule électrique est mis au point et étudié de façon à réaliser un compromis entre sécurité et efficacité du véhicule. Ce système est appelé Smart And Green Adaptive Cruise Control (SAGA).Le développement de cette fonction est basée sur l'optimisation de l'énergie ainsi que sur des stratégies de régénération d'énergie en respectant les contraintes des composants du groupe motopropulseur comme la charge de la batterie, la capacité de freinage du moteur et de la situation courante dans le trafic routier. Dans ce processus, des techniques d'optimisation comme la programmation dynamique et la stratégie de minimisation de la consommation d'énergie équivalente (ECMS) sont utilisés. Utilisant des modèles d'énergie du véhicule et des modèles cinématiques intégrés sur Matlab-Simulink, ce travail de thèse évalue les avantages et les limites de l'utilisation de la fonction SAGA pour diverses topologies de véhicules pour différents scénarios de trafic. / The progress in the fields of autonomously driven vehicles, powertrain hybridization and Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) means that the automobile as a machine, is on the verge of reinvention. The aforementioned three fields of technologies have opened doors to advanced opportunities in improvement of safety and efficiency of vehicles which were earlier limited due to several factors like sensing capacities and computational power.In this context, a vehicle longitudinal motion controller is developed and investigated which will actively balance vehicle safety and efficiency. It is named as the Smart and Green Adaptive Cruise Control System (SAGA). Development of this function is based on optimization of energy supply as well as energy regeneration strategies with respect to powertrain component constraints like battery charge acceptance, motor braking capacity and traffic situation. In this process, optimization techniques like Dynamic programming and Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS)are used. Using vehicle energy and kinematic models built in Matlab-Simulink platform, this dissertation evaluates the advantages and limitations of using SAGA function for various vehicles topologies and in different traffic scenarios.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / In automotive industry, driver assistance and active safety features are main areas of research. This thesis concentrates on designing one of the famous ADAS system feature called Adaptive cruise control. Feature development and analysis of various functionalities involved in the system control are done using Petri Nets. A background on the past and current ACC research is noted and taken as motivation. The idea is to implement the adaptive cruise control system in Petri net and analyze how to provide fault tolerance to the system. The system can be evaluated for various cases. The ACC technology implemented in di erent cars were compared and discussed. The interaction of the ACC module with other modules in the car is explained. The cruise system's algorithm in Petri net is used as the basis for developing Adaptive Cruise Control system's algorithm. The ACC system model is designed using Petri nets and various Petri net functionalities like place invariant, transition invariant and reachability tree of the model are analyzed. The results are veri ed using Matlab. Controllers are introduced for ideal cases and are implemented in Petri nets. Then the error cases are considered and fault tolerance techniques are carried out on the model to identify the fault places.

Small Island Developing States (SIDS) face a unique set of challenges when it comes to the field of Planning. In 1992, the United Nations Earth Summit brought international attention to SIDS; the combination of geographic isolation, small size, and limited resources were listed as a few of the unique environmental and economic disadvantages facing these islands. The island of St.Lucia, located in the Lesser Antilles of the Caribbean, is classified by the United Nations as one of the vulnerable SIDS in the Caribbean region. Since the 1992 Earth Summit, the literature on planning strategies for SIDS has shifted away from an economic based mass tourism strategies toward a culturally and environmentally focused sustainable tourism strategies; such as eco-tourism and community-based tourism. Mass tourism, through the form of cruise ship tourism, is currently the largest sector of the Caribbean tourism market. Based on the cruise tourism trends over the past 30 years, the Caribbean cruise tourism industry is expected to continue to grow at a rapid pace. The continual growth in this form of mass tourism contradicts the current planning policy trends toward sustainable tourism strategies. In order to better understand ways of connecting cruise tourism to small island sustainable tourism, this thesis examines aspects of the mass cruise tourism-sustainable tourism contradiction. This thesis evaluates the various types of tourism development strategies for SIDS, as well as, examines St.Lucia’s current tourism development policies. Interviews with local onshore business owners were then conducted in order to understand the relationship between local cruise-dependant businesses and the cruise ship industry. Finally, recommendations are given on ways to incorporate cruise tourism into St.Lucia’s existing community-based tourism goals.

The autonomous driving (AD) industry is advancing at a rapid pace. New sensing technology for tracking vehicles, controlling vehicle behavior, and communicating with infrastructure are being added to commercial vehicles. These new automotive technologies reduce on road fatalities, improve ride quality, and improve vehicle fuel economy. This research explores two types of automotive sensor fusion systems: a novel radar/camera sensor fusion system using a long shortterm memory (LSTM) neural network (NN) to perform data fusion improving tracking capabilities in a simulated environment and a traditional radar/camera sensor fusion system that is deployed in Mississippi State’s entry in the EcoCAR Mobility Challenge (2019 Chevrolet Blazer) for an adaptive cruise control system (ACC) which functions in on-road applications. Along with vehicles, pedestrians, and cyclists, the sensor fusion system deployed in the 2019 Chevrolet Blazer uses vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication to communicate with infrastructure such as traffic lights to optimize and autonomously control vehicle acceleration through a connected corridor

This thesis work is based on a dynamic programming solution of a fuel optimizing cruise controller that was developed at Scania CV AB last year. Known data of the road ahead, mainly the slope, is used to continuously calculate the optimal torque and gear choices of a given moving vehicle for a certain horizon. The optimization calculations are based on fuel consumption and the vehicle's arrival time to the final destination. This report has been focused on achieving better "driveability" of the cruise controller while still maintaining the good fuel saving qualities that is already there. Simulation is used to evaluate the cruise controller on roads where the wanted data is known. The result is smaller speed variations on at road segments, which will improve a driver's impression of the cruise controller. The great fuel benefits of using roll-techniques in hilly areas is maintained from the previous implementation. The key to the optimal balance between these two behaviors is found using a method that limits the torque usage of the truck to a certain speed interval and then finds exception areas where the torque usage should be unlimited. / Detta examensarbete är baserad på en dynamisk programmeringslösning av en bränsleoptimerande farthållare som utvecklades på Scania CV AB förra året. Känd data om den framförvarande vägen, så som lutningen, används för att beräkna optimalt drivmoment och växelval för ett givet fordon för en viss horizont. Optimeringsberäkningarna baseras på bränsleförbrukning och fordonets ankomsttid till målet. Denna rapport focuserar på att uppnå bättre "körbarhet" för farthållaren och samtidigt behålla de goda bränslebesparande egenskaper som farthållaren redan har. Simulering nyttjas för att analysera farthållaren på vägar där önskad data är känd. Resultatet är mindre hastighetsvariationer på platta vägar, vilket bör förbättra förarens uppfattning av farthållaren. De stora fördelar som kommer med användning av rull-tekniker på kuperade vägsträckor bevaras från den tidigare implementeringen. Nyckeln till optimal balans mellan dessa två körbeteenden är en metod som går ut på att begränsa fordonets momentanvändning till ett visst hastighetsinterval och sedan hitta undantagsområden där momentanvändning borde vara obegränsad.

The purpose of this study was to explore how three international cruise lines restored their reputation after the 2002 Norwalk virus incidents. The research was conducted as a case study using semi-structured interviews. Six individuals were interviewed. These included public relations representatives for three international cruise lines, the Center for Disease Control, a ship's Internet Manager and a ship's Cruise Director. All interviews were taped, subsequently transcribed, and analyzed for content and themes. Quotes were examined in terms of content and grouped according to similarity of themes. The results revealed five categories. These included How Public Relations Differs on Land vs. at Sea, The Main Objective During a Public Relations Crisis, The Extent to Which the Situation was Handled, Terrorism and Whether the Cruise Lines were Treated Fairly. Similarities existed between the groups of respondents. Specifically, the public relations representatives responded similarly to questions relating to the main objective during a crisis and whether the cruise lines were treated fairly. Additionally, the respondents differed in their views of public relations on land vs. at sea. The goal of this project was to look at the reputation management of international cruise lines since the 2002 Norwalk-like virus outbreaks. The research was intended to address the perspective held by the public relations departments within each studied organization. In conclusion, analysis suggests there was an agreement among the subjects researched regarding the effect this public relations crisis has had on the industry. Conflicting views existed among the subjects in question regarding public relations on land vs. at sea. Communicating to the public and the media honestly, accurately, and in a timely manner were found to be essential aspects in managing the reputation of international cruise lines following an industry crisis.

yes / Engineering design in general and system design of embedded software have a direct impact on the final engineering product and the software implementation, respectively. Guaranteeing that the models utilised meet the specified requirements is beneficial in detecting misbehaviour and software flaws. This requires an integrated approach, combining verification and model-based testing methodology and notations and methods from system engineering and software engineering. In this paper, we propose a model-based approach integrating various notations utilised in the functional design of complex systems with formal verification and testing. We illustrate our approach on the cruise control system of an e-Bike case study.

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