Ce mémoire présente l’étude de cas de la ville de St George, ancienne capitale du protectorat britannique des Bermudes. Sa situation géographique particulière et la présence d’un ensemble architectural colonial britannique et d’ouvrages militaires lui ont récemment valu le titre de Site du patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO, ce qui constitue une reconnaissance de la valeur exceptionnelle universelle de cet ensemble urbain. Cette inscription survient au moment où les autorités locales souhaitaient diversifier l’économie de l’archipel en misant davantage sur le tourisme culturel et patrimonial. L’hypothèse centrale de ce mémoire est que la ville St George se révèle, au sens où l’entendent G.J. Ashworth et J.E. Tunbridge dans leur ouvrage The tourist-historic city, un « joyau du patrimoine », ce dernier étant défini comme une petite collectivité territoriale recelant des ressources historiques exceptionnelles qui en définissent de manière notable la morphologie urbaine et l’identité paysagère et orientent les politiques municipales. La recherche, suite à la présentation d’un cadre théorique sur le patrimoine mondial et le tourisme patrimonial, a par ailleurs permis de montrer que le concept de « cité historico-touristique » développé par les mêmes auteurs s’applique aux Bermudes à la condition qu’un transfert d’échelle soit opéré. En effet, nous ne sommes pas en présence d’un espace touristique constitué de deux secteurs d’une même ville qui contribuent, chacun à sa façon, à la définition de l’attractivité touristique, mais plutôt de deux petites villes voisines – St-George et Hamilton, la capitale – qui constituent le substrat d’une cité historico-touristique éclatée. / This dissertation presents the case study of the town of St. George, historic capital of Bermuda. Its unique geography, the presence of British colonial architecture and of many military forts allowed its inclusion on the UNESCO world heritage List. This nomination in itself constitutes a recognition of the exceptional universal value of this urban entity. This inscription happens at the exact moment where the local authorities wish to diversify the archipelago’s economy by exploiting cultural and heritage tourism. The hypothesis of this dissertation is that the town of St. George is, according to the proposition of G.J Ashworth and J.E Tunbridge in their book The tourist-historic city, a «heritage gem », that is, a small community containing a great number of exceptional historic resources shaping the urban morphology, the landscape identity and local policies. The research, following the introduction of the relevant theoretical framework on world heritage and heritage tourism, demonstrated that the concept of the “tourist-historic city” developed by the same authors can be easily applied to the case of Bermuda if a scale reduction is made. Indeed, we are not presented with a touristic space created by two different sectors of the same city, but by two small neighbouring cities – St. George and Hamilton, the capital – which are the basis of a fragmented tourist-historic city.

Volvo Cars is working on reducing the frequency of small margin driving situation in order to reach Vision 2020; that no one should be seriously injured or killed in a new Volvo car by 2020. In this specific case, there is one main goal; to increase the usage of Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC). ACC helps the driver by setting a time interval to the vehicle ahead, adapting the vehicle’s speed according to the set time interval. When using ACC, drivers will decrease the risk of crashes related to visual distraction, where close following conditions leaves the driver with too little time to recover when a lead vehicle unexpectedly brakes. By using ACC one increases the time for action during a potential crash situation. The purpose of the thesis work is to develop and iteratively test an ACC in-vehicle usage feedback concept that is using the principles of nudging. Nudging is an idea that relates to subconsciously pushing humans in a desired behavioural direction. Also, focus was on finding the right method for evaluation using traditional Usability testing as the ground design outline method. This work is divided into three phases; Research phase, Development phase and Final Performing phase. The research phase provides the opportunity to get to know the users and their experience of using ACC. The development phase was divided into two areas; the application development and method development. The third phase was the final performance, where the developed method was applied on the final implemented concept. This work resulted in a nudging concept aiming to encourage the driver towards a more frequent ACC usage, and a developed method for measuring drivers’ behaviour and experience on the usability and satisfaction of the concept.

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This thesis is an examination of the influence and impact of the ‘Troubles’ in Northern Ireland, post 1968, on the practice of Irish history, on southern Irish broadcast media and on the southern Irish modernisation process. I will examine the uneasy and contested transition in systems of hegemony in a society where the state is not coterminous with perceptions of nationhood, where society is anxiously suspended between conservation of its existence and popular nationalist aspirations, where southern economic dependency interacted uneasily with northern political instability and sectarianism. The thesis examines the ‘Ulsterisation’ of the War of Independence by some historians and its aftermath as an ideological project. It pays particular attention, using the case-study method, to the imposition of a sectarian character on republican forces during the war of independence by the highly influential Newfoundland historian Peter Hart, and will explain why this research is ideologically problematic within Irish historiography. I will link this to (in a second case-study) the project undertaken in the early 1970s by Irish government minister (also an academic historian and political scientist) Conor Cruise O’Brien to undermine and eradicate from popular awareness secular anti-imperialist aspects of Irish nationalist consciousness, primarily through, in case-study three, the imposition of broadcasting censorship and support for repression. I question O’Brien’s positing of a ‘Catholic nationalism’ as an overarching basis for Irish statehood by, in case-study four, an examination the largely unexplored socio-economic position of Protestants in southern Ireland and the forms of social control imposed on and within that community. The thesis examines how official reaction to the conflict combined repression and broadcasting censorship during the 1970s to revise popular perceptions of Irish history and Irish society. Control of understanding of the present was combined with attempts to take control of perceptions of the past, in order to circumscribe the parameters of what is feasible in the present, so as to preserve the socio-economic status quo. It specifically explores the impact of the post 1968 Northern Ireland conflict on: • The attempt by proponents of Irish revisionist historiography to portray Irish resistance to British rule as ‘Catholic nationalism’ and as a mirror image generally of Ulster unionist sectarianism; in the context of • The simultaneous transformational change of economic direction in the southern Irish economy and society, which imparted to this project increased impetus, opportunity and political scope.

A cruise missile is a guided missile that uses a lifting wing and a jet propulsion system to allow sustained flight. Cruise missiles are, in essence, unmanned aircraft and they are generally designed to carry a large conventional or nuclear warhead many hundreds of miles with excellent accuracy. In this study, navigation and control studies on cruise missiles are performed. Due to the variety and complexity of the subsystems of the cruise missiles, the main concern is limited with the navigation system. Navigation system determines the position, velocity, attitude and time solutions of the missile. Therefore, it can be concluded that an accurate self-contained navigation system directly influences the success of the missile. In the study, modern radar data association algorithms are implemented as new Terrain Aided Navigation (TAN) algorithms which can be used with low-cost Inertial Measurement Units (IMU&rsquo / s). In order to perform the study, first a thorough survey of the literature on mid-course navigation of cruise missiles is performed. Then, study on modern radar data association algorithms and their implementations to TAN are done with simple simulations. At the case study part, a six degree of freedom (6 DOF) flight simulation tool is developed which includes the aerodynamic and dynamic model of the cruise missile model including error model of the navigation system. Finally, the performances of the designed navigation systems with the implemented TAN algorithms are examined in detail with the help of the simulations performed.

The main area of emphasis in this study is to investigate the methods and technology for aerodynamic configuration sizing of missiles and to develop a software platform in MATLAB&reg / environment as a design tool which has an ability of optimizing the external configuration of missiles for a set of flight requirements specified by the user through a graphical user interface. A genetic algorithm based optimization tool is prepared by MATLAB is expected to help the designer to find out the best external geometry candidates in the conceptual design stage. Missile DATCOM software package is employed to predict the aerodynamic coefficients needed in finding the performance merits of a missile for each external geometry candidate by integrating its dynamic equations of motion. Numerous external geometry candidates are rapidly eliminated according to objectives and constraints specified by designers, which provide necessary information in preliminary design. In this elimination, the external geometry candidates are graded according to their flight performances in order to discover an optimum solution. In the conceptual design, the most important performance objectives related to the external geometry of a missile are range, speed, maneuverability, and control effectiveness. These objectives are directly related to the equations of motion of the missile, concluding that the speed and flight range are related to the total mass and the drag-to-lift ratio acting on missile. Also, maneuverability depends on the normal force acting on missile body and mass whereas the control effectiveness is affected by pitching moment and mass moment of inertia of missile. All of the flight performance data are obtained by running a two degree-of-freedom simulation. In order to solve the resulting multi-objective optimization problem with a set of constraint of linear and nonlinear nature and in equality and inequality forms, genetic-algorithm-based methods are applied. Hybrid encoding methods in which the integer configuration variables (i.e., nose shape and control type) and real-valued geometrical dimension (i.e., diameter, length) parameters are encoded in the same individual chromosome. An external configuration design tool (EXCON) is developed as a synthesis and external sizing tool for the subsonic cruise missiles. A graphical user interface (GUI), a flight simulator and optimization modules are embedded into the tool. A numerical example, the re-configuration problem of an anti-ship cruise missile Harpoon, is presented to demonstrate the accuracy and feasibility of the conceptual design tool. The optimum external geometries found for different penalty weights of penalty terms in the cost function are compared according to their constraint violations and launch mass values. By means of using EXCON, the launch mass original baseline Harpoon is reduced by approximately 30% without deteriorating the other flight performance characteristics of the original Harpoon.

Ce mémoire présente l’étude de cas de la ville de St George, ancienne capitale du protectorat britannique des Bermudes. Sa situation géographique particulière et la présence d’un ensemble architectural colonial britannique et d’ouvrages militaires lui ont récemment valu le titre de Site du patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO, ce qui constitue une reconnaissance de la valeur exceptionnelle universelle de cet ensemble urbain. Cette inscription survient au moment où les autorités locales souhaitaient diversifier l’économie de l’archipel en misant davantage sur le tourisme culturel et patrimonial. L’hypothèse centrale de ce mémoire est que la ville St George se révèle, au sens où l’entendent G.J. Ashworth et J.E. Tunbridge dans leur ouvrage The tourist-historic city, un « joyau du patrimoine », ce dernier étant défini comme une petite collectivité territoriale recelant des ressources historiques exceptionnelles qui en définissent de manière notable la morphologie urbaine et l’identité paysagère et orientent les politiques municipales. La recherche, suite à la présentation d’un cadre théorique sur le patrimoine mondial et le tourisme patrimonial, a par ailleurs permis de montrer que le concept de « cité historico-touristique » développé par les mêmes auteurs s’applique aux Bermudes à la condition qu’un transfert d’échelle soit opéré. En effet, nous ne sommes pas en présence d’un espace touristique constitué de deux secteurs d’une même ville qui contribuent, chacun à sa façon, à la définition de l’attractivité touristique, mais plutôt de deux petites villes voisines – St-George et Hamilton, la capitale – qui constituent le substrat d’une cité historico-touristique éclatée. / This dissertation presents the case study of the town of St. George, historic capital of Bermuda. Its unique geography, the presence of British colonial architecture and of many military forts allowed its inclusion on the UNESCO world heritage List. This nomination in itself constitutes a recognition of the exceptional universal value of this urban entity. This inscription happens at the exact moment where the local authorities wish to diversify the archipelago’s economy by exploiting cultural and heritage tourism. The hypothesis of this dissertation is that the town of St. George is, according to the proposition of G.J Ashworth and J.E Tunbridge in their book The tourist-historic city, a «heritage gem », that is, a small community containing a great number of exceptional historic resources shaping the urban morphology, the landscape identity and local policies. The research, following the introduction of the relevant theoretical framework on world heritage and heritage tourism, demonstrated that the concept of the “tourist-historic city” developed by the same authors can be easily applied to the case of Bermuda if a scale reduction is made. Indeed, we are not presented with a touristic space created by two different sectors of the same city, but by two small neighbouring cities – St. George and Hamilton, the capital – which are the basis of a fragmented tourist-historic city.

The maritime space of ships is more often developed as a metaphor than critically investigated. Abstract fantasies of global flows and fluid motions ignore the material histories of ships, which often involve the capture of individuals and populations within networks of legal and extra-legal power. Standing as an exception to the bounded geographies of nation-states, ocean space lies beyond any single sovereign’s power; the passengers of ships are subject to multiple forms of biopower, wielded by diverse actors. I examine three ship-spaces—British slave ships, the migrant ship Komagata Maru, and Disney’s cruise ships—to tease out the techniques of biopower at work through them, exposing the ways in which passengers are made to live and rendered dead. Drawing on the work of Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben, I argue that the exceptional suspension of law at sea is integral to the rule of law on land.

Genom att fusionera (sammanföra) data från olika sensorer kan ett resultat uppnås som ger mer än de enskilda sensorerna var för sig. Här utreds vilka sensorer och sensorfusionsmetoder som kan vara aktuella att använda för Scanias adaptiva farthållare (ACC). Den adaptiva farthållaren anpassar det egna fordonets hastighet inte bara till en förinställd hastighet utan även till framförvarande fordons hastighet. Scanias ACC-system använder idag en radar för måldetektering. Det finns ett antal algoritmer och arkitekturer som passar för sensorfusionssystem beroende på nivån hos sensordatan och användningsområdet. Minstakvadratmetoder kan användas då data ska matchas mot en fysisk modell, ofta med lågnivådata. När tillgänglig data är på den nivån att den används direkt för att fatta beslut kan sannolikhetsmetoder användas. Intelligent fusion består av kognitiva modeller som avser härma den mänskliga beslutsprocessen. Till detta passar data på hög nivå. Två lösningar, för två olika sensoruppsättningar, har tagits fram. Båda lösningarna är uppbyggda av bayesiska nätverk. Det första nätverket fusionerar data från den befintliga radarenheten med data från en kamera som detekterar vägmarkeringar. Resultaten visar att filbyten kan upptäckas tidigare i och med fusionen. Det andra nätverket använder sig av två radarenheter, den ursprungliga samt en likadan enhet till, vilket resulterar i ett bredare synfält. Nätverket avgör vilka mål hos respektive radar som kan anses vara samma matchade mål. Informationen kan användas för att öka redundansen i systemet samt för att upptäcka mål tidigare än förut. / By fusing data from different sensors a result can be achieved that is worth more than the data from each sensor by itself. Which sensors and sensor fusion methods that could be used in Scania's adaptive cruise control system (ACC) is investigated. The ACC system adapts the vehicle's speed not only to a driver decided set speed but also to the speed of preceding vehicles. Scania's ACC system uses a radar for target detection. There exists a number of algorithms and architectures fit for use in sensor fusion systems. Which one to use depends on the level of the data to be fused and on the field of application. Least square methods are used when matching data to a physical model, data to be used is often at a low level. When working with data at decision level, probability methods are favored. Another example is intelligent fusion, cognitive methods intending to mimic the human decision process. Suitable data is data at a high level. Two solutions, for two different sensor sets, are proposed. Both solutions are made out of Bayesian networks. The first one fuses data from the existing radar unit with data from a camera which detects lane markings. The results show that lane changes can be detected earlier thanks to the fusion. The second network uses two radar sensors of the same kind as the first, resulting in a wider field of view. The network decides which ones of each radars targets that are the same matching targets. This information could be used to increase the redundancy of the system and to detect targets earlier.

Current day VLSI systems have started seeing increasing percentages of multiple energy domain components being integrated into the mainstream. Energy domains such as mechanical, optical, fluidic etc. have become all pervasive into VLSI systems and such systems are being manufactured routinely. The framework required to design such an integrated system with diverse energy domains needs to be evolved as a part of conventional VLSI design methodology. This is because manufacturing and design of these integrated energy domains although based on semiconductor processing, is still very ad-hoc, with each device requiring its dedicated design tools and process integration. In this thesis three different approaches in different energy domains, have been pro-posed. These three domains include modelling & simulation, synthesis & compilation and formal verification. Three different scenarios have been considered and it is shown that these tasks can be co-performed along with conventional VLSI circuits and systems. In the first approach a micro-mechanical beam bending case is presented. A thermal heat ow causing the beam to bend through thermal stress is analyzed for change in capacitance under a single analysis and modelling framework. This involves a seamless analysis through thermal, mechanical and electrical energy domains. The second part of the thesis explores synthesis and compilation paradigms. The concept of a Gyro-compiler analogous to a memory compiler is proposed, which primarily generates soft IP models for various gyro topologies. The final part of this thesis deals in showcasing a working prototype of a formal verification framework for MEMS based hybrid systems. The MEMS verification domain today is largely limited to simulation based verification. Many techniques have been proposed for formal verification of hybrid systems. Some of these methods have been extended to demonstrate, how MEMS based hybrid systems can be formally verified through ex-tensions of conventional formal verification methods. An adaptive cruise control (ACC) system with a gyro based speed sensor has been analyzed and formally verified for various specifications of this system.