Asphalt-rubber mixtures have been shown to have useful properties with respect to distresses observed in asphalt concrete pavements. The most notable change in properties is a large increase in viscosity and improved low-temperature cracking resistance. Warm mix additives can lower production and compaction temperatures. Lower temperatures reduce harmful emissions and lower energy consumption, and thus provide environmental benefits and cut costs. In this study, the effects of crumb rubber modification on various asphalts such as California Valley, Boscan, Alaska North Slope, Laguna and Cold Lake were also studied. The materials used for warm mix modification were obtained from various commercial sources. The RAF binder was produced by Imperial Oil in their Nanticoke, Ontario, refinery on Lake Erie. A second commercial PG 52-34 (hereafter denoted as NER) was obtained/sampled during the construction of a northern Ontario MTO contract. Some regular tests such as Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) and Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR), Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) and some modified new protocols such as the extended BBR test (LS-308) and the Double-Edge Notched Tension (DENT) test (LS-299) are used to study, the effect of warm mix and a host of other additives on rheological, aging and failure properties. A comparison in the properties of RAF and NER asphalts has also been made as RAF is good quality asphalt and NER is bad quality asphalt. From the studies the effect of additives on chemical and physical hardening tendencies was found to be significant. The asphalt samples tested in this study showed a range of tendencies for chemical and physical hardening. / Thesis (Master, Chemistry) -- Queen's University, 2014-01-30 11:56:43.978

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Arizona, 1982. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 226-236).

Thesis (D.M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2007. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iii, 53 p. : music. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 50-53).

The study deals with the formulation development and thermorheological properties of crumb rubber/ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) modified bitumen with the aim of optimizing the amount of crumb rubber and EVA loadings in bitumen based on thermorheological parameters complex shear modulus, phase angle and rutting parameter. In the modified binders EVA offers plastomer properties whereas the crumb rubber confers elasticity to the bitumen. 13.75% crumb rubber and 2.5% EVA loadings based on aging indices gave the best optimized mixture. The thermorheological behaviour of the best optimized mixture was compared to industrial grade EVA (AP-1) and crumb rubber (AR-1) modified bitumen. Improving aging behaviour of the bitumen was evaluated using four antioxidants: carbon black, hydrated lime, Irganox 1010 and Irgafos 168. The least aging indices at 58˚C and 64˚C were obtained from a 1:1:1 Irganox 1010/hydrated lime/carbon black mixture. SARA (saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltene) analysis gave the chemical background for application of antioxidants to reduce the propensity of short term aging. To further improve the EVA/crumb rubber optimized mixture for workability FT wax (Sasobit®) was assayed at loadings from 0-2.5%. This was done to match the EVA content and maintain the original maximum loading of 2.5% in the optimized mixture. The phase change abilities of FT wax owing to the high latent heat enabled co-crystallization with the EVA with the elastomeric backbone of crumb rubber acting as support material. The energy-sustainability nexus was found to have worked at less than 1% loading of FT wax in the EVA/crumb rubber modified bitumen. Response surface methodology approach to all the sections of work was used to come up with the optimized mixtures based on rheological parameters complex shear modulus, phase angle and rutting parameter at test temperature 64˚C. The interaction chemistry of bitumen, crumb rubber, EVA and FT wax was found to be first and second order in all cases involving individual contributions and co-interaction amongst the factors. Project costing for each section of work (optimizing section, antioxidant section and FT wax section) was conducted involving the raw materials used, equipment used, labour involved and other costs incurred for all the project work.

Thesis (D.M.A.)--Ohio State University, 1984. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-106).

For more than three centuries, violin pedagogical practices have been extensively developed towards music covering the common practice period. However, a problem arises when a violin student performing avant-garde music needs to find realistic solutions to problems that are not addressed in the standard repertoire. This critical essay offers a pedagogical approach to a work that fits well within this paradigm: Four Nocturnes (Night Music II), George Crumb’s only published work for violin and piano duo. The multi-dimensional aspect of this avant-garde work requires an equally multi-faceted approach to overcoming the inherent technical hurdles. Through practical illustrations and concise explanations, musical examples indicate how the score may be re-notated and simplified to create a preliminary step towards advancing to the original notation. Borrowing from the methodology of Otakar Ševčík and other leading twentieth-century violin pedagogues, the author shows how students can modify their approach to fit contextually in the realm of avant-garde music. Students who approach the work with this methodology will find it helpful in eliminating many of the potential pitfalls that they are likely to encounter.

Investigação sobre o discurso da autobiografia em quadrinhos desenvolvida nos Estados Unidos e Brasil, concentrada, principalmente, na obra de Robert Crumb e Angeli. Seguindo a primeira fase do método arqueológico e a teoria do discurso definida por Michel Foucault, a tese se empenha em determinar as condições históricas de possibilidade desse discurso e em efetuar uma análise formal desses objetos materiais. Para tanto, alia-se diversas proposições teóricas advindas do campo da autobiografia, arte, cinema, jornalismo e quadrinhos / Research about the discourse of the autobiographical comics created in United States and Brazil, mainly focusing on the works by Robert Crumb and Angeli. Following the first stage of the archaeological description and Michel Foucault\'s discourse theories, the thesis engages in determining the historical conditions that made this discourse possible and perform a formal analysis of their materials objects. For this purpose, theoretical propositions from different academic fields as autobiography, art, cinema, journalism and comic books are put together

Investigação sobre o discurso da autobiografia em quadrinhos desenvolvida nos Estados Unidos e Brasil, concentrada, principalmente, na obra de Robert Crumb e Angeli. Seguindo a primeira fase do método arqueológico e a teoria do discurso definida por Michel Foucault, a tese se empenha em determinar as condições históricas de possibilidade desse discurso e em efetuar uma análise formal desses objetos materiais. Para tanto, alia-se diversas proposições teóricas advindas do campo da autobiografia, arte, cinema, jornalismo e quadrinhos / Research about the discourse of the autobiographical comics created in United States and Brazil, mainly focusing on the works by Robert Crumb and Angeli. Following the first stage of the archaeological description and Michel Foucault\'s discourse theories, the thesis engages in determining the historical conditions that made this discourse possible and perform a formal analysis of their materials objects. For this purpose, theoretical propositions from different academic fields as autobiography, art, cinema, journalism and comic books are put together

In this study, the unique style of percussion writing in the chamber works of George Crumb, written between 1960 and 1980, is examined. The principal aspects examined within this study include: the extended instrumental techniques, the use of percussion within the musical imagery, soloistic treatment, compositional and notational procedures, and specific performance problems pertaining to the chamber work Songs, Drones, and Refrains of Death.

Timbre is an important aspect of music, particularly in the twentieth century. Relatively little serious work on this subject has been published, however, either from a historical standpoint or from an analytical view. The purpose of this present study was to clarify the nature of timbre and to demonstrate the structural role it can have in music. The development of the timbre concept was traced from as early as the fifteenth century to present. From a very simple idea, timbre evolved into a complex phenomenon involving scientific, acoustical analysis and subjective, perceptual evaluation. It was found that currently timbre is not merely a physical manifestation, but also a function of aesthetic judgment and human response to stimuli. A brief historical survey was made of the importance of timbre in music. It was shown that timbre emerged as a significant musical element, forming the characteristic sound structure of a composition and (by extension) the distinctive sonorous style (Klangstil) of a composer. In developing to this point, the idea of timbre metamorphosed into a particular concept of "sound," a term that includes any sound quality that contributes to the character and structure of a composition. A process of analysis was developed to determine musical sound structure. It was shown that the sound-related aspects of the parameters of pitch, dynamics, time, texture, and timbre can act and interact to construct formal shape through cohesion and differentiation. It was established that the music of George Crumb shows a high regard for sound as a structural element. His Night of the Four Moons was analyzed, demonstrating the process of sound analysis. The analysis also showed that various qualities of sound itself are used as compositional material as well as for cohesion and differentiation. This aurally perceived, characteristic structure formed by or related to the action of sound was termed the "audiogenic image."