<p>Despite worldwide interest in a number of applications involving cryogenic fluids that are crucial to future space exploration, there is presently a lack of a large, reliable cryogenic pool boiling critical heat flux (CHF) database that can be used for assessment of accuracy of available predictive tools - model and correlations – or development of new tools. This shortcoming is a primary motivation for the present study, prompting compilation of a new consolidated cryogenic pool boiling CHF database from world literature. The database is used to assess accuracy of previous models and correlations, which are segregated according to ability to predict key operating parameters, such as pressure, surface orientation, and subcooling. A new correlation is constructed which shows very good predictive accuracy, evidenced by a mean absolute error of 16.95%, based on Earth gravity data which comprise a large fraction of the consolidated database. Using a limited subset of datapoints for three cryogens and a reduced gravity range of 0 to 0.7466, the new correlation is further modified with a reduced gravity multiplier to tackle reduced gravity conditions. The modified correlation has a mean absolute error of 17.47%, slightly higher than for Earth gravity alone. Overall, the new correlations are proven far more accurate than all prior models and correlations and therefore constitute new powerful tools for design of cryogenic space systems. It is shown CHF is very sensitive to pressure, increasing with increasing pressure up to maximum before decreasing appreciably toward critical pressure. CHF is also shown to be strongly influenced by surface orientation, being highest for horizontal surfaces and decreasing monotonically with increasing orientation angle, and increasing fairly linearly with increased subcooling.</p><p>Additionally, CHF models and correlations are assessed using amassed quenching CHF data that showed overpredictions of data. A new correlation is formulated which includes the effects of surface material and heater thickness to achieve high predictive accuracy for complied quenching CHF database. The new correlation has a mean absolute error and root mean square error of 10.79% and 16.12%, respectively, based on a compiled database. Analysis of complied quenching data showed that CHF is sensitive to the surface material, increasing with increasing thermal conductivity but, the influence of surface material becomes weak with increasing thermal conductivity. CHF is also strongly influenced by heater thickness, increasing with increased heater thickness till it reaches the asymptotic thickness. </p>

Les futures missions d'exploration spatiale nécessitent le stockage d'ergols cryogéniques sur de longues durées.Sous l'effet d'entrées thermiques résiduelles, l'ergol se vaporise et le réservoir s'auto-pressurise, pouvant entraîner la rupture du réservoir pour des missionssuffisamment longues. Cette thèse s'intéresse à un système de contrôle, appelé Thermodynamic Venting System (TVS), reposant sur l'injection d'un jet sous-refroidi dans le réservoir.L'injection entraîne la condensation de la vapeur, la déstratification du bain liquide et donc une baisse de pression dans le réservoir.L'étude expérimentale a permis de mettre en place une technique originale d'isolation active générant une condition de paroi à flux de chaleurnet nul. Une base de données expérimentales, d'auto-pressurisation et de contrôle TVS, a été constituée avec ce nouveau dispositif.Elle a notamment permis de valider un modèle thermodynamique homogène permettant de prédire l'évolution de température et depression dans le réservoir. Ce modèle a été étendu pour de façon à décrire le comportement de tous les éléments constitutifs du système TVS.Un outil de dimensionnement du système complet a ainsi été mis en place.En le couplant à une plateforme d'optimisation, un système TVS optimal a pu être établi pour une mission de démonstration.Enfin une étude numérique a permis de mettre en évidence, pour notre cas d'étude, les faiblesses des modèles de changement de phase disponibles dans les solveursCFD commerciaux. Une modélisation prédictive du changement de phase a été mise en place dans un code de calcul recherche puis validée sur uncas académique 1D. / Future operations in space exploration require the ability to store cryogens for long duration. Residual heat loads induce cryogenic propellant vaporization andtank self-pressurization (SP), eventually leading to storage failure for long enough mission duration.This thesis focuses on a control strategy, called Thermodynamic Venting System (TVS), based on a recirculating liquid subcooled injection. The injection results inan ullage condensation, a liquid bath destratification and thus a tank pressure reduction.Experimentally, an original active insulation technique has been set up, yielding a net zero heat flux wall boundary condition. A data base ofself-pressurisation and TVS control experiments has been gathered with this new aparatus.It was used to validate an homogeneous thermodynamic model providing a fast prediction of tank temperature and pressure during control.This model has been extended to discribe the TVS system behaviour including all its components. This full system design tool has been coupled with an optimisationplatform and an optimal TVS design has been established for a demonstration mission.Furthermore, a numerical study has evidenced the weakness of commercial CFD software to simulate phase change, for TVS configuration.A predictive phase change formulation has been set up in a home-made software and validated on a 1D academic case.

<p>In this study, universal databases and semi-empirical correlations are developed for cryogenic two-phase heat transfer and pressure drop in heated tubes undergoing flow boiling.</p>