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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
191

Growth techniques and characterisation of Si←1←-←xGe←x heterostructures for pMOS applications

Grasby, Timothy John January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
192

Transparent, rare earth doped, oxyfluoride glass-ceramics for photonics

Kukkonen, Liv Linnea January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
193

Dynamics and Kinetics of Si/Si←(←1-←x←)Ge←(←x←) MBE studies by reflectance spectroscopy

Lees, Anna January 1998 (has links)
No description available.
194

Chemical synthesis of lead zirconate titanate thin films for a piezoelectric actuator

Zai, Marvin Ho-Ming January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
195

Investigations into the growth and etching of antimonides by chemical beam epitaxy and related techniques

Howard, Fraser Peter January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
196

Matematické modelování růstu krystalů / Matematické modelování růstu krystalů

Blechta, Jan January 2013 (has links)
We present a numerical model of Bridgman crystal growth. Pseudo-incompressibility constraint is used to handle jumps in density during phase change. ALE formulation is employed to account for moving parts of the system. Field equations and movement of material interfaces are decoupled in fractional step manner. Naviér-Stokes problem is extended to solid phase where no flow is enforced by Darcy-like forcing. Latent heat of phase change is added to effective heat capacity as approximate Dirac-$\delta$. Backward Euler discretization in space and P2/P1/P1 in space are used. Transient and stationary solutions are being found and compared to temperatures measured directly inside a steady system. Influence of pull-rates on growth process and shape of phase interface are being examined. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
197

Synthesis and characterization of bulk single crystal hexagonal boron nitride from metal solvents

Clubine, Benjamin January 1900 (has links)
Master of Science / Department of Chemical Engineering / James H. Edgar / Boron nitride is a purely synthetic material that has been known for over 150 years but only recently has sparked interest as a semiconductor material due to its potential in ultraviolet lasing and neutron detection. Thin-layer hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is probably most attractive as a complementary material to graphene during its intense research endeavors. But for hBN to be successful in the realm of semiconductor technology, methods for growing large single crystals are critical, and its properties need to be accurately determined. In this study, hBN crystals were grown from metal solvents. The effects of soak temperature, soak time, source materials and their proportions on hBN crystal size and properties were investigated. The largest crystals of hBN measured five millimeters across and about 30 micrometers thick by precipitation from BN powder dissolved in a nickel-chromium solvent at 1700°C. High temperatures promoted outward growth of the crystal along the a-axis, whereas low temperatures promoted growth along the c-axis. Crystal growth at high temperatures also caused bulk hBN to adopt a triangular habit rather than a hexagonal one. A previously unreported method of synthesizing hBN was proven successful by substituting BN powder with elemental boron and a nitrogen ambient. XRD and Raman spectroscopy confirmed hBN from solution growth to be highly crystalline, with an 8.0 cm[superscript]-1 FWHM of the Raman peak being the narrowest reported. Photoluminescence spectra exhibited peaks mid-gap and near the band edge, suggesting impurities and defects in the hBN samples. However, high-purity reactants and post-growth annealing showed promise for synthesizing semiconductor-grade hBN. Several etchants were explored for defect-selective etching of hBN. A molten eutectic mixture of KOH/NaOH was the most effective defect-selective etchant of hBN at temperatures of 430-450°C for about one minute. The two prevalent hexagonal etch pit morphologies observed were deep, pointed-bottom pits and shallow, flat-bottom pits. TEM and SAED confirmed basal plane twists and dislocations in hBN crystals, but due to the highly anisotropic nature of hBN, their existence may be inevitable no matter the growth technique.
198

Crescimento, caracterização e aplicação de monocristais de tgs em detetores de radiação na região de infravermelho / Crystal growth characterization and application of tgs for infrared radiation detectors

Hernandes, Antonio Carlos 12 April 1988 (has links)
Utilizando o método de crescimento de cristais por solução aquosa preparamos grandes monocristais de sulfato de triglicina (TGS). Os resultados obtidos na caracterização dos monocristais garantiram uma alta qualidade óptica e estrutural, pré-requisitos básicos para o futuro desenvolvimento de detetores de radiação infravermelha. Também, são apresentados os resultados de responsividade de voltagem, tempo de resposta e resposta espectral de um protótipo de detetor construído com os monocristais. Considerações gerais sobre a teoria de crescimento de cristais são apresentadas juntamente com uma revisão bibliográfica dos principais resultados sobre a dependência da velocidade linear de crescimento com a supersaturação relativa para três direções cristalográficas. Além disso, uma abordagem sobre a velocidade média de crescimento de um dos experimentos é efetuada para exemplificar um dos mecanismos que atuam no crescimento por solução. Devido ao interesse do DFCM (Departamento de Física e Ciência dos Materiais) e de alguns grupos de pesquisa do país foram crescidos outros monocristais, como dihidrogênio fosfato de potássio (KDP) e de TGS dopados. / We prepared large single crystals of triglycine sulphate (TGS) using method of crystal growth from aqueous solution. Results obtained by the characterization of single crystals showed a high optical and structural quality, basic properties for the future development of infrared radiation detectores. Voltage responsivity, time and espectral responses of a detector prototype built with single crystals are presented. General considerations about crystal growth theory are presented with bibliographical review of principal result on dependence of the linear growth rate with relative supersaturation respecting three crystallographical directions. An approach on growth rate is realized with one of the experiments, showing one of the mechanisms acting in the growing from solution. Due to DFCM (Departamento de Física e Ciência dos Materiais) and some research groups in country interests another single crystals were growed, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) and toped TGS.
199

ESTUDO DAS PROPRIEDADES ESTRUTURAIS E MAGNÉTICAS DO SISTEMA Zn1-xMnxIn2Se4 / STUDY OF THE STRUCTURAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF Zn1-xMnxIn2Se4 SYSTEM

Ochoa, John Carlos Mantilla 21 September 2004 (has links)
Neste trabalho de tese é apresentado um estudo sistemático do crescimento e das propriedades magnéticas e estruturais dos compostos semicondutores magnéticos diluídos (SMD) Zn1-xMnxIn2Se4. Amostras monocristalinas com concentrações de Mn $0leqslant xleqslant 1.00$ foram obtidas pela técnica de transporte químico em fase vapor (CVT). Através de técnicas de difração de raios-X (padrões de pó e diagramas de Laue), estudou-se a evolução da estrutura desde a fase romboédrica do MnIn2Se4, até a fase tetraédrica do ZnIn2Se4. Observou-se a existência de uma fase pura romboédrica para $xgeqslant 0.87$, uma fase pura tetragonal para$xleqslant 0.25$ e uma mistura destas duas fases para x entre 0.67 e 0.35. Espectros de ressonância paramagnética eletrônica (EPR) foram obtidos em temperaturas T desde 4 K até 300 K, para diversas concentrações de Mn. Todos os espectros têm o pico de absorção principal centrado em g=2. A largura pico a pico da linha de ressonância, $deltaHpp$, decresce com o aumento da concentração de manganês e com o aumento da temperatura. Este comportamento está intimamente relacionado com a interação de troca entre os íons magnéticos. A partir de análises da dependência de $deltaHpp$ com a temperatura se extraíram estimativas para a temperatura de Curie-Weiss, $ heta$ e para a temperatura de congelamento Tf das fases de vidro de spin. Medidas da susceptibilidade magnética em modo DC foram realizadas para temperaturas $2Kleqslant Tleqslant 300K$. Dos dados de alta temperatura (T>100 K), resultaram estimativas para o parâmetro $ heta$, bem como para a concentração x de Mn. Os valores de $ heta$ obtidos destas medidas concordam bem com os obtidos de EPR e foram utilizados para estimar as constantes de troca antiferromagnéticas nos dois extremos de concentração da série. Nas amostras com alta concentração de Mn, $xgeqslant 0.67$, irreversibilidades características de uma transição para uma fase de vidro de spin foram observadas em temperaturas abaixo de 4K. Para melhor caracterizar estas transições, medidas da susceptibilidade AC e DC para diversas freqüências e campos magnéticos foram realizadas em temperaturas entre 2 e 20 K. A susceptibilidade DC em baixos campos mostra picos agudos em Tf ~ 2.5, 3.0 e 3.5 K, respectivamente para as amostras com x=0,67; 0,87 e 1,00. Nas três amostras, observa-se irreversibilidade entre medidas com esfriamento na ausência de campo (ZFC) e em presença de campo (FC). Evidência de um verdadeiro fenômeno de transição de fase é fornecida pelo crescimento da susceptibilidade não linear, $chiNL$, próximo de Tf.. Análises de escala estáticas de $chiNL$ e análises de escala dinâmicas desenvolvidas a partir de dados da susceptibilidade AC resultaram em expoentes críticos consistentes com os obtidos em outros vidros de spin com interação de curto alcance. / This work reports a systematic study on the crystal growth and magnetic and structural properties of the diluted magnetic semiconductors (SMD) Zn1-xMnxIn2Se4. Crystals with Mn concentrations $0leqslant xleqslant 1.00$ were grown by chemical vapour transport (CVT). Through x-ray powder diffraction patterns and Laue diagrams of single crystal we studied the transformation from the layered rhombohedral structure of MnIn2Se4 to the tetragonal structure of ZnIn2Se4. We observe the presence of a purely rhombohedral phase for $xgeqslant 0.87$, a purely tetragonal phase for $xleqslant 0.25$ and a two-phase mixture for x between 0.67 and 0.35. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has been performed in the temperature range 4.2 K to 300 K for various concentrations of Mn. All the spectra had the main absorption peak centered at g=2. The resonance peak-to-peak line width, ÄHpp, decreases with increasing concentration of manganese and with increasing temperature. This behavior is intimately related with the exchange interaction between magnetic ions. The analysis of the temperature dependence of ÄHpp resulted in estimates for the Curie-Weiss temperature $ heta$ and for the freezing temperature Tf of the spin glass phase. The DC magnetic susceptibility has been investigated in the range between $2Kleqslant Tleqslant 300K$. The high temperature data (T>100 K) gave estimates for the parameter $ heta$, as well as for the concentration x of Mn. The values of $ heta$ obtained in this way are in good agreement with those obtained from EPR and were used to estimate the antiferromagnetic exchange constants for the two extremes of concentration of the system. For the samples with high concentration of Mn, $xgeqslant 0.67$, irreversibilities characteristic of a spin glass transition have been observed at temperatures below 4K. To better characterize this transition, AC and DC susceptibility measurements for different frequencies and magnetic fields were made in the temperature range between 2 and 20 K. The low field AC susceptibility displayed sharp peaks at Tf ~2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 K for samples with x= 0.67, 0.87 and 1.00, respectively. Irreversibility between zero field cooled (ZFC) and field cooled (FC) DC measurements was observed in the three samples. Evidence of a true phase transition phenomenon is given by the steep increase of the nonlinear susceptibility $chiNL$ when approaching Tf from above. Static scaling analysis of $chiNL$ and dynamic scaling analysis of the AC susceptibility data have been carried out, which yielded critical exponents consistent with those obtained in other spin-glasses with short-range interactions.
200

Purificação e preparação do cristal semicondutor de iodeto de bismuto para aplicação como detector de radiação / Purification and preparation of bismuth(III) iodide for application as radiation semiconductor detector

Ferraz, Cauê de Mello 06 May 2016 (has links)
O presente trabalho descreve o procedimento experimental do método de purificação do sal de Triiodeto de Bismuto (BiI3), visando uma futura aplicação destes em cristais semicondutores, como detector de radiação à temperatura ambiente. A técnica de Bridgman Vertical Repetido foi aplicada para a purificação e crescimento de BiI3, baseada na teoria da fusão e o fenômeno de nucleação do material. Uma ampola preenchida com sal de BiI3, na quantidade máxima de 25% do seu volume interno, foi posicionada no interior do forno de Bridgman Vertical e verticalmente deslocada à uma velocidade de 2 milímetros por hora dentro do forno programado obedecendo um perfil térmico e gradiente de temperatura, com uma temperatura máxima de 530°C, estabelecidos neste trabalho. A redução de impurezas no BiI3, para cada purificação, foi analisada por Análise por Ativação Neutrônica Instrumental (AANI), para a verificação da eficiência do técnica de purificação estabelecida neste trabalho, para impurezas de metais traço, presente na matéria prima do cristal Foi demonstrado que a técnica de Bridgman Repetido é eficiente para a redução da concentração de diversas impurezas, como Ag, As, Br, Cr, K, Mo, Na, e Sb. As estruturas cristalinas nos cristais purificados duas e três vezes apresentou similaridade com o padrão do BiI3. No entanto, para o sal de partida e cristal purificado somente uma vez foi observado a contribuição de intensidade BiOI (Oxido de Iodeto de Bismuto) similar ao padrão observada no seu difratograma. É conhecido que detectores semicondutores fabricados a partir de cristais com alta pureza exibem uma melhora significativa no seu desempenho, comparado com os cristais produzidos com cristais de baixa pureza. / This study describes the experimental procedure of a BiI3 purification method powder, aiming a future application of these semiconductor crystals as room temperature radiation detector. The Repeated Vertical Bridgman Technique was applied for the purification, based on the melting and nucleation phenomena. An ampoule filled with a maximum of 25% by volume of BiI3 powder was mounted into the Bridgman furnace and vertically moved at a speed of 2 millimeters per hour, inside the furnace with programmed thermal gradient and temperature profile, at a temperature maximum of 530ºC. The reduction of the impurities in the BiI3, each purification, was analysed by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA), in order to evaluate the efficiency of the purification technique established in this work, for trace metal impurities. It was demonstrated that the Repeated Bridgman is effective to reduce the concentration of many impurities in BiI3, such as Ag, As, Br, Cr, K, Mo, Na and Sb. The crystalline structure of the BiI3 crystal purified twice and third times was similar to the BiI3 pattern. However, for BiI3 powder and purified once an intensity contribution of the BiOI was observed in the diffractograms. It is known that semiconductor detectors fabricated from high purity crystal exhibit significant improvement in their performance compared to those produced from low purity crystals.

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