Thesis (M.Sc) (Agriculture)--University of Limpopo,2005. / Host-status of wild cucumber (Cucumis myriocarpus) to the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) was evaluated under microplot conditions. The 30-cm plastic diameter pots were placed into holes leaving 10-cm above the soil surface. Pots were filled to the 10-cm mark (soil surface) using 3:1 sand: Hygromix (v/v). Two-week old seedlings of C. myriocarpus were transplanted and irrigated with 2 L tapwater every other day. On the transplanting day, treatments were initiated by inoculating seedling with 0, 25, 125, 625 and 3 125 juveniles of M. incognita. The treatments were arranged in a randomised complete block design, with 10 replications. The experiment was terminated 56 days after initiating the study. At all levels of inoculation, the reproductive factor (Pf/Pi) was below unity, suggesting that nematodes failed to reproduce on this plant. Gall formation occurred, but the galls did not develop. Nematode had no effect on shoot and fruit weight, but significantly reduced stem diameter. Results of this study suggested that C. myriocarpus was a non-host to M. incognita. The failure of the galls to develop suggested that this plant is resistant to M. incognita. / sponsored by the South African National Research Foundation, through the Scarce Skills fellowship.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Plant Protection)) --University of Limpopo, 2012 / Global withdrawal of synthetic fumigant nematicides like methyl bromide due to their eco-unfriendliness resulted in serious consequences in production of crops which do not have genotypes that are resistant to plant-parasitic nematodes. Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is one such crop, where infection by highly aggressive root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species) invariably results into as high as 50% yield loss, with occasional total crop failures. Initial screening for nematode resistance in Cucumis species indigenous to South Africa suggested the possibility of the existence of nematode resistance, with the probability of these species being compatible with Citrullus species in inter-generic grafting technology. Uses of indigenous genera in Cucurbitaceae family as nematode-resistant seedling rootstocks in watermelon production could promote the South African watermelon industry as outlined in ISO 9001 certification guidelines to have competitive advantage in lucrative watermelon export markets. The objectives of this study were to determine the: (1) host-status and host-sensitivity of C. africanus and C. myriocarpus seedlings using a series of inoculation levels of M. incognita race 2 under various conditions, (2) host-status and host-sensitivity of C. africanus and C. myriocarpus seedlings using a series of inoculation levels of M. incognita race 4 and M. javanica, including the resistance form in these plant species, at least, under selected environmental conditions, (3) host-status and host-sensitivity of C. africanus and C. myriocarpus seedlings using a series of inoculation levels of M. incognita race 2 with multi-nematode xxviii infestations in order to establish whether the observed nematode resistance was sustainable when the plant was attacked by various pests at the root system level, (4) compatibility of inter-generic grafting of Citrullus and Cucumis seedlings in order to establish the potential uses of Cucumis species in olericulture, and (5) influence of the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurode vaporariorum) infection on resistance of C. africanus to Meloidogyne species in order to establish whether the observed nematode resistance was sustainable when the plant was attacked by pests on complimentary organs. Reliability of measured variables was ensured by using statistical levels of significance (P ≤ 0.05) and coefficient of determination (R2), with validity being ensured by conducting experiments at the same location over two seasons or conducting one experiment during one season at two different locations, viz. the University of Limpopo and the Agricultural Research Council – Institute for Industrial Crops, and/or by setting up factorial treatments. Results consistently demonstrated that C. africanus and C. myriocarpus were non-hosts to M. incognita races 2 and 4 and M. javanica, without the test nematodes inflicting any damage to plants, which in plant-parasitic nematodes is described as nematode resistance. Quadratic relationships between RF values and log10(Pi + 1) transformations, in addition to confirming the density-dependent growth patterns of plant-parasitic nematodes, also suggested that chemical compounds responsible for suppression of nematodes in the two Cucumis species were different. The two Cucumis species were resistant to M. incognita races 2 and 4 and M. javanica, regardless of the environment under which the experiments were conducted. In field studies, the xxix two Cucumis species supported the ring nematodes (Criconema mutabile) and the spiral nematodes (Helicotylenchus dihystera), without these exo-parasitic nematodes inflicting any damage to plants, which in plant-parasitic nematodes is described as tolerance. Interactions among Meloidogyne species, C. mutabile and H. dihystera were either stimulatory or inhibitory, depending on whether Meloidogyne species were in the soil or inside the roots. Mechanisms of nematode resistance in the two Cucumis species were different, with C. africanus and C. myriocarpus depicting pre-infectional and post-infectional forms of resistance, respectively, without any sign of hypersensitivity in roots. When, seeds of Citrullus species were primed in water to hasten germination. Using the developed technology, survival of grafts improved from 36% to 100%, translating to relative improvement of 178%, with nematode-resistant rootstocks retaining their nematode resistant capabilities, while watermelon scions flowered earlier, with relatively higher fruit yield, without any deleterious effect on accumulation abilities of essential nutrient elements in leaves. Resistance of C. africanus to M. javanica was invariably broken by the greenhouse whitefly infection at high population levels, possibly through loss of non-structural carbohydrates, which are essential in synthetic pathways of secondary metabolites. Cucumis africanus and C. myriocarpus contain cucurbitacin B (C32H48O8) and cucurbitacin A [cucumin (C27H40O9), leptodermin (C27H38O8)], respectively, which have high demand for carbon and energy. Consequently, the efficacy of indigenous Cucumis species as nematode-resistant rootstocks in suppression of Meloidogyne species would be dependent upon the management of the xxx greenhouse whitefly population densities. In conclusion, C. africanus and C. myriocarpus have the potential for use as nematode-resistant rootstocks in the production of watermelon cultivars ‘Congo’ and ‘Charleston Gray’ in South Africa, where nematode population densities of M. incognita races 2 and 4 and M. javanica are widely distributed and are highly injurious to watermelons. Although nematode resistance in the two Cucumis species had attributes of sustainability, populations of the greenhouse whitefly broke the resistance. Proposed future research areas included influence of cucurbitacins in fruit quality of watermelons and protocols for mass culturing the nematode-resistant Cucumis rootstocks using tissue culture technology. / the National Research Foundation,the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) and the Landbank Chair of Agriculture-University of Limpopo

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / O aumento do perÃodo de conservaÃÃo dos frutos climatÃricos ocorre pela inibiÃÃo da sÃntese ou da aÃÃo do etileno de forma a retardar o amadurecimento. Uma das formas de controle deste processo pode ser a aplicaÃÃo de reguladores vegetais como o aminoetoxivinilglicina (AVG), um inibidor da biossÃntese do etileno. O AVG evita a formaÃÃo autocatalÃtica do etileno, reduz a respiraÃÃo climatÃrica, a abscisÃo de frutos e aumenta a firmeza da polpa quando pulverizado nas Ãrvores frutÃferas em prÃ-colheita. Este trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar o efeito da aplicaÃÃo de AVG na maturaÃÃo e qualidade de frutos do meloeiro cantaloupe em condiÃÃes de casa de vegetaÃÃo e de campo. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 3 x 5, com trÃs datas de aplicaÃÃo e cinco doses do princÃpio ativo para os dois experimentos, sendo utilizado duas repetiÃÃes, tendo oito plantas por repetiÃÃo no plantio em ambiente protegido e trÃs repetiÃÃes, formadas por cinco frutos em campo. As respostas em cada ambiente foram especÃficas sendo que em casa de vegetaÃÃo o uso do AVG influencia na qualidade dos melÃes, quanto ao tamanho de fruto e cavidade interna; nÃo altera o teor de sÃlidos solÃveis, aÃÃcares totais e firmeza independentemente da dose e aplicaÃÃo do produto e influencia na maturaÃÃo dos frutos de meloeiro promovendo aumento na permanÃncia do fruto à planta quando pulverizados duas ou trÃs vezes, na dose de 270 mg. L-1. Em condiÃÃes de campo o AVG influencia na qualidade dos frutos do meloeiro, proporcionando frutos maiores com cavidade interna menor, maior teor de sÃlidos solÃveis e mais firmes e influencia na maturaÃÃo, promovendo maior permanÃncia dos frutos na planta. Portanto, o AVG influenciou na qualidade e na maturaÃÃo dos frutos de melÃo, sob ambas condiÃÃes de cultivo. / Increased retention of climacteric fruits occurs by inhibiting the synthesis or action of ethylene in order to delay ripening. One way to control this process may be the application of plant growth regulators such as aminoethoxivinilglicin (AVG), an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis. AVG prevents the formation of autocatalytic ethylene reduces respiration climacteric fruit abscission and increases firmness when sprayed on fruit trees before the harvest. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of AVG on ripening and fruit quality of muskmelon cantaloupe in greenhouse and field. The experimental design was completely randomized, with a 3 x 5, with three dates of application and five doses of the active ingredient for the two experiment, being used two replicates, with eight plants per replication at planting in a greenhouse and three replicates of five fruits formed in field. The responses were specific for each environment and in a greenhouse using AVG influences the quality of melons, as the fruit size and internal cavity; does not change the content of soluble solids, total sugars and firmness regardless of dose and application of the product and influences the maturation of melon fruits for increasing the permanence the fruit to the plant when sprayed two or three times at a dose of 270 mg. L-1. Under field conditions the AVG influences the quality of the melon fruit, providing larger fruits with internal cavity smaller, higher soluble solids content and firmness and influences the maturation promoting greater permanence of fruit on the plant. Therefore, AVG influenced the quality and maturity of melon fruits under both culture conditions.

Thesis (M.Sc. (Horticulture)) -- University of Limpopo, 2017. / Root-knot (Meloidogyne species) nematodes are economically destructive pathogens of over 3000 species, whereas others have resistance to Meloidogyne species. Wild watermelon (Cucumis africanus) and wild cucumber (Cucumis myriocarpus) are highly resistant to Meloidogyne species, particularly M. incognita and M. javanica. The two Cucumis species are used in inter-generic grafting with watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) as nematode resistant rootstocks. Also, the two Cucumis species are used in traditional medicine and in plant-parasitic nematode management as phytonematicides. The form of nematode resistance, which is essential in plant breeding, is not documented for the two Cucumis species. The objective of this study was to determine the form of nematode resistance in the two Cucumis species to M. incognita and M. javanica under greenhouse conditions. Four parallel experiments were each conducted under greenhouse conditions. Uniform six-week old Cucumis seedlings were transplanted into 250 ml polystyrene cups filled with 200 ml growing medium of steam-pasteurised fine sand. A week after transplanting, Cucumis seedlings were each infested by dispensing approximately 100 M. incognita second-stage juveniles (J2) or M. javanica J2 using a 20 ml plastic syringe by placing into 5-cm-deep furrow around the seedling stem and covered with growing medium. Treatments (periodic harvest intervals) were arranged in a randomised complete block design, replicated five times. Five seedlings from each experiment were harvested every second day, for 30 days, with stained roots being assessed for necrotic spot (suberised cells) number, giant cell number, proliferation of rootlet interference number and root gall number. Periodic harvest intervals were highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) on necrotic spot number, proliferation of rootlet interference number and root gall number in C. africanus-M. incognita relations, but were not significant for giant cell number. Treatments contributed 59, 64 and 50% in total treatment variation (TTV) of necrotic spot number, proliferation of rootlet interference number and root gall number, respectively. Harvest period had highly significant effects on necrotic spot number, giant cell number, proliferation of rootlet interference number and root gall number in C. africanus-M. javanica relations. Treatments contributed 55, 71, 63 and 59% in TTV of necrotic spot number, giant cell number, proliferation of rootlet interference number and root gall number, respectively. Periodic harvest intervals were significant (P ≤ 0.05) on giant cell number and highly significant on root gall number in C. myriocarpus-M. incognita relations. However, there were no significant treatment differences on necrotic spot number and proliferation of rootlet interference number. Treatments contributed 57 and 57% in TTV of root gall number and giant cell number, respectively. Harvest period had highly significant effects on giant cell number, proliferation of rootlet interference number and root gall number, but were not significant on necrotic spot number in C. myriocarpus-M. javanica relations. Treatments accounted for 67, 49 and 53% in TTV of giant cell number, proliferation of rootlet interference number and root gall number, respectively. In conclusion, the mechanism of resistance to M. incognita and M. javanica in both C. africanus and C. myriocarpus was post-infectional nematode resistance, which has attributes for introgression into commercial nematode-susceptible Cucumis cultivars. / Agricultural Research Council (ARC), National Research Foundation of South Africa; and the ARC-Universities Collaboration Centre for Smallholder Farmers

Beta-carotene presence or absence in muskmelon is controlled by two genes, green flesh gf and white flesh wf. In its dominant form the wf gene is responsible for orange flesh color; however, the epistatic interactions of gf and wf can create three flesh colors: orange, white and green. Two F2 populations, consisting of 77 greenhouse grown and 117 field grown plants, from the cross of ‘Sunrise’ (white fleshed) by ‘TAM Uvalde’ (orange fleshed), were used to examine the relationships of beta-carotene content, flesh color, and flesh color intensity. Bulk segregent analysis was used with RAPD markers to identify molecular markers associated with high beta-carotene content. Flesh color and flesh color intensity both had significant relationships with beta-carotene content. A significant correlation between total soluble solids and beta-carotene content was also found. Molecular markers were identified in both F2 populations and all significant, associated markers from ‘TAM Uvalde’ were linked with WF. A single QTL was also found to be linked with the WF locus. The identified QTL can be used to screen potential breeding lines for high beta-carotene. It was also confirmed that the visual ratings of flesh color intensity can be reliably used to select high beta-carotene content melons.

Submitted by Bruna Fukumoto Kobayashi (brunafkobayashi@hotmail.com) on 2018-08-25T13:51:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação_modificações.pdf: 1358184 bytes, checksum: c44f653752746086c42867d58e830ba8 (MD5) / Rejected by Neli Silvia Pereira null (nelisps@fcav.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize correções na submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: 1 - Inserir certificado de aprovação após ficha catalográfica. Agrademos a compreensão. on 2018-08-27T16:41:21Z (GMT) / Submitted by Bruna Fukumoto Kobayashi (brunafkobayashi@hotmail.com) on 2018-09-02T16:43:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Bruna_Fukumoto_Kobayashi.pdf: 1385858 bytes, checksum: 095204cf4a1c699a3c28f7ff856e298c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Neli Silvia Pereira null (nelisps@fcav.unesp.br) on 2018-09-03T16:57:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 kobayashi_bf_me_jabo.pdf: 1385858 bytes, checksum: 095204cf4a1c699a3c28f7ff856e298c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-03T16:57:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 kobayashi_bf_me_jabo.pdf: 1385858 bytes, checksum: 095204cf4a1c699a3c28f7ff856e298c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A escolha do método de inoculação para avaliação de genótipos resistentes é primordial para o sucesso dos programas de melhoramento. As metodologias variam de acordo com o comportamento do patógeno, a cultura e o tipo de resistência oferecido pela planta buscando ao máximo simular as condições de infecção que ocorrem no campo. Objetivou-se por meio deste trabalho avaliar seis métodos de inoculação de Didymella bryoniae em meloeiro e verificar a interferência de ferimento na avaliação de plantas para essa resistência. Foram realizados dois experimentos, em bandeja e vaso, repetidos em dois períodos. Nos dois experimentos foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos ao acaso com seis plantas por parcela e três repetições. Ambos foram submetidos as mesmas condições ambientais durante todo o trabalho. Os métodos foram avaliados a partir de escala de notas e realizado o cálculo da Área Abaixo da Curva de Progresso da Doença. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância conjunta, sendo as médias dos tratamentos agrupadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott (p<0,05), e posteriormente realizada correlação entre experimentos. Dentre os métodos, destacou-se o método do grão de sorgo sem ferimento nas plantas, em bandeja, que foi capaz de distinguir materiais resistentes, mostrando-se eficiente, rápido e menos trabalhoso. / The choice of inoculation method to evaluate resistant genotypes is paramount for the success of breeding programs. The methodologies vary according to the behavior of the pathogen, the crop and the type of resistance offered by the plant, trying to simulate the infection conditions that occur in the field. The objective of this work was to evaluate six methods of inoculation of Didymella bryoniae in melon and to verify the interference of injury in the evaluation of plants for this resistance. Two experiments were carried out in tray and vessel, repeated in two periods. In both experiments, the randomized block design with six plants per plot and three replications was used. Both were subjected to the same environmental conditions throughout the work. The methods were evaluated from the scale of notes and the area under the Disease Progress Curve was calculated. The data were submitted to a joint analysis of variance, these being as tests of the tests grouped by the test of ScottKnott (p <0,05), and were realized among the experiments. Among the methods, the method of sorghum grain without fermentation in the plants, in the tray, was distinguished that was able to distinguish resistant materials, being efficient, fast and less laborious. / 142574/2016-3

OLIVEIRA, J. M. de. Resistência de genótipos de meloeiro à mosca-minadora, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae). 2017. 55f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia/Fitotecnia)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2017. / Submitted by Weslayne Nunes de Sales (weslaynesales@ufc.br) on 2017-07-10T11:43:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_jmoliveira.pdf: 1344293 bytes, checksum: ceadcddc0d3ea182195552d01e8bb550 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Weslayne Nunes de Sales (weslaynesales@ufc.br) on 2017-07-11T11:55:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_jmoliveira.pdf: 1344293 bytes, checksum: ceadcddc0d3ea182195552d01e8bb550 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-11T11:55:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_jmoliveira.pdf: 1344293 bytes, checksum: ceadcddc0d3ea182195552d01e8bb550 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / The leafhopper (Liriomyza sativae) today is considered one of the main plagues of melon in Brazil, which has been stimulating the abusive use of insecticides to overcome the problems caused by the pest. In this sense, the use of resistant cultivars is a promising alternative. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the resistance of melon genotypes in relation to the fruit fly. For that, 21 genotypes of melon were evaluated, from the Genetic Improvement Program of Meloeiro of Embrapa, and the commercial hybrid "Goldex" testifies. The non-preference for oviposition and feeding were evaluated in tests with and without a choice; The effect of genotype antibiosis through larval and pupal viability; As well as the number of trichomes and volatile compounds present in the leaves. For evaluation, the following genotypes AC 35, AC 43, 341, 343, 333 and the Goldex hybrid were selected for the morphological characterization of leaves (adaxial and abaxial) and release of volatile compounds. Quantification of trichomes was carried out in Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), where the number of trichomes was quantified and correlated with oviposition and plague feeding. The volatile analyzes in the melon leaves were carried out using the solid phase microextraction technique coupled to gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS). As for the non-preference for oviposition (number of oviposition punctures) and feeding (number of feeding punctures), there was no difference between the genotypes and the Goldex control, in a test with a chance of choice. However, in the confinement test, genotypes 343 and AC 43 were the least oviposited by L. sativae, with mean values of 0.9 and 1.3 respectively; While genotype 343 was the least preferred for feeding, with 0.7 feeding punches / 4cm in diameter. As for larval and pupal viability, nine genotypes were more promising: 339, 346, 343, 341, 334, 331, 333, 313 and 330, and a possible antibiosis effect was found in these treatments. In relation to the density of trichomes, there was no difference between the treatments and no correlation was found between the density (adaxial and abaxial) and the number of oviposition and feeding punctures. For the volatile analysis of the leaves, a total of ten volatile compounds distributed among the treatments were obtained. From this study it is suggested to have antibiosis resistance in the nine genotypes mentioned above and the presence of some degree of antixenosis in genotypes 343 and AC43, but the trichomes and volatile compounds identified in the melon genotypes do not present any action Antioxenotic for oviposition and feeding of L. sativae. / A mosca-minadora (Liriomyza sativae) hoje é considerada uma das principais pragas do meloeiro no Brasil, o que vêm estimulando o uso abusivo de inseticidas para contornar os problemas ocasionados pela praga. Neste sentido, o uso de cultivares resistente é uma alternativa promissora. Assim, a presente pesquisa objetivou avaliar a resistência de genótipos de meloeiro em relação a mosca-minadora. Para tanto, avaliou-se 21 genótipos de meloeiro, provenientes do Programa de Melhoramento Genético de Meloeiro da Embrapa, e o híbrido comercial “Goldex” testemunha. Avaliaram-se a não-preferência por oviposição e alimentação, em testes com e sem chance de escolha; o efeito de antibiose dos genótipos através da viabilidade larval e pupal; assim como número de tricomas e compostos voláteis presentes nas folhas. Para avaliação, foram selecionados os seguintes genótipos AC 35, AC 43, 341, 343, 333 e o hibrido Goldex, para caracterização morfológica das folhas (adaxial e abaxial) e liberação de compostos voláteis. Realizou-se a quantificação de tricomas em Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura (MEV), onde o número de tricomas foi quantificado e correlacionado com a oviposição e alimentação da praga. As análises de voláteis nas folhas de meloeiro foram realizadas utilizando-se da técnica da microextração em fase sólida acoplada a cromatografia gasosa com espectrometria de massa (SPME-GC-MS). Quanto à não-preferência para oviposição (número de puncturas de oviposição) e alimentação (número de puncturas de alimentação), não houve diferença entre os genótipos e a testemunha Goldex, em teste com chance de escolha. Porém, no teste em confinamento, os genótipos 343 e AC 43 foram os menos ovipositados por L. sativae, com valores médios de 0,9 e 1,3 respectivamente; enquanto, o genótipo 343 foi o menos preferido para alimentação, com 0,7 puncturas de alimentação/4cm de diâmetro. Quanto a viabilidade larval e pupal, nove genótipos mostraram-se mais promissores: 339, 346, 343, 341, 334, 331, 333, 313 e 330, sendo encontrado um possível efeito de antibiose nesses tratamentos. Em relação à densidade de tricomas, não houve diferença entre os tratamentos e não foi encontrado correlação entre a densidade (adaxial e abaxial) e o número de puncturas de oviposição e alimentação. Para a análise de voláteis das folhas, obteve-se um total de dez compostos voláteis distribuídos entre os tratamentos. A partir deste estudo sugerese haver resistência, do tipo antibiose nos nove genótipos, citados acima, e a presença de algum grau de antixenose nos genótipos 343 e AC43, porém os tricomas e os compostos voláteis identificados nos genótipos de meloeiro, não apresentam ação antixenótica para oviposição e alimentação de L. sativae.

Orientador: Shizuo Seno / Banca: Francisco Maximino Fernandes / Banca: Roberto Lyra Villas Boas / Resumo: Melhores condições de higiene, diminuição na incidência de doenças do solo e alternativa para a falta de espaço são as principais vantagens que o produtor encontra na utilização de recipientes para o cultivo de hortaliças em estufas. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar diferentes tipos de recipientes e densidade de planta com substrato de fibra de coco para o cultivo de pepino Hokuho, com uso da fertirrigação sob ambiente protegido. O experimento foi conduzido de setembro a novembro de 2006 na área experimental da Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Faculdade de Engenharia - UNESP, Campus de Ilha Solteira - SP. Os tratamentos constaram de cinco recipientes (calha por capilaridade, calha por gotejamento, vaso pequeno, vaso grande e travesseiro) e duas densidades de plantio (uma e duas plantas por cova). O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos ao acaso com 4 repetições, cinco tipos de recipientes e duas densidades de plantio. Avaliou-se Condutividade elétrica (CE), altura das plantas, diâmetro do caule, número de hastes, massa média do fruto, produção de frutos tortos e produção de frutos comerciais. Os recipientes travesseiro, vaso grande e vaso pequeno foram os que proporcionaram as maiores produtividades, sendo recomendados entre eles aquele que propiciar o melhor custo benefício. Em relação à densidade, recomenda-se uma planta por cova, pois esta proporcionou melhores resultados para altura, diâmetro, números de hastes secundárias produzidas, massa média do fruto e com produtividade semelhante a duas plantas por cova. / Abstract: Better hygiene conditions, decrease in the incidence of diseases of the soil and alternative for the space lack is the main advantages that the producer finds in the use of containers for the cultivation of vegetables in greenhouses. That work had as objective to evaluate different types of containers with coconut fiber substratum for the cucumber crop cultivar Hokuho, with use of the fertirrigation under protected conditions. The study was conducted from September to November of 2006 in the experimental area of São Paulo State University - UNESP, Campus of Ilha Solteira - SP. The treatments consisted of five containers (drain for capillarity, drain for drip, small and big vase and pillow) and two planting densities (one and two plants by hole). It was used a randomized blocks design with 4 repetitions: five types of containers and two planting densities. Electric conductivity was evaluated (CE), height of plants, medium mass of fruit, production of crooked fruits and production of commercial fruits. The containers pillow, large or small vase were those that provided the greatest productivity, and recommended including one that provide the best cost benefit. Regarding density, it is recommended a plant by hole, as this provided better results for height of plants, medium mass of fruit and productivity similar to two plants by hole. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-02-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:39:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 caldas_rr_me_ilha.pdf: 275361 bytes, checksum: f356a1da45cce3ce913deec22abe7816 (MD5) / Melhores condições de higiene, diminuição na incidência de doenças do solo e alternativa para a falta de espaço são as principais vantagens que o produtor encontra na utilização de recipientes para o cultivo de hortaliças em estufas. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar diferentes tipos de recipientes e densidade de planta com substrato de fibra de coco para o cultivo de pepino Hokuho, com uso da fertirrigação sob ambiente protegido. O experimento foi conduzido de setembro a novembro de 2006 na área experimental da Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Faculdade de Engenharia – UNESP, Campus de Ilha Solteira – SP. Os tratamentos constaram de cinco recipientes (calha por capilaridade, calha por gotejamento, vaso pequeno, vaso grande e travesseiro) e duas densidades de plantio (uma e duas plantas por cova). O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos ao acaso com 4 repetições, cinco tipos de recipientes e duas densidades de plantio. Avaliou-se Condutividade elétrica (CE), altura das plantas, diâmetro do caule, número de hastes, massa média do fruto, produção de frutos tortos e produção de frutos comerciais. Os recipientes travesseiro, vaso grande e vaso pequeno foram os que proporcionaram as maiores produtividades, sendo recomendados entre eles aquele que propiciar o melhor custo benefício. Em relação à densidade, recomenda-se uma planta por cova, pois esta proporcionou melhores resultados para altura, diâmetro, números de hastes secundárias produzidas, massa média do fruto e com produtividade semelhante a duas plantas por cova. / Better hygiene conditions, decrease in the incidence of diseases of the soil and alternative for the space lack is the main advantages that the producer finds in the use of containers for the cultivation of vegetables in greenhouses. That work had as objective to evaluate different types of containers with coconut fiber substratum for the cucumber crop cultivar Hokuho, with use of the fertirrigation under protected conditions. The study was conducted from September to November of 2006 in the experimental area of São Paulo State University – UNESP, Campus of Ilha Solteira – SP. The treatments consisted of five containers (drain for capillarity, drain for drip, small and big vase and pillow) and two planting densities (one and two plants by hole). It was used a randomized blocks design with 4 repetitions: five types of containers and two planting densities. Electric conductivity was evaluated (CE), height of plants, medium mass of fruit, production of crooked fruits and production of commercial fruits. The containers pillow, large or small vase were those that provided the greatest productivity, and recommended including one that provide the best cost benefit. Regarding density, it is recommended a plant by hole, as this provided better results for height of plants, medium mass of fruit and productivity similar to two plants by hole.

Maxixe (Cucumis anguria L.), also known as Burr gherkin and West Indian gherkin, was brought to Brazil from Africa during the slave trade. This crop was grown extensively in New England in the 18th and 19th centuries. There has been a tremendous increase of immigrants to the United States in recent years, and this has provided an opportunity for farmers to produce crops desired by these new and expanding markets. In order to benefit local farmers, two field experiments were implemented in 2009 and 2010 to address the effect of plant population, the use of a trellis and evaluate different seed sources of maxixe to assist producers interested in growing this crop in the Northeastern United States. The Trellis/Spacing trial was set up as a randomized–complete-block-split-plot design with five replications of ‘Trellis’ versus ‘No Trellis’ and within each trellis treatment there were five spacing between plants in the row: 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 cm. The Seed Source trial was set up as a randomized complete block design with five replications and five sources of maxixe from five different seed companies: ‘Isla’, ‘Feltrin’, ‘Topseed’, ‘HF’, ‘Seed Savers Exchange’, and ‘Baker Creek Heirloom Seeds’. The five seed sources of maxixe are commercially viable for production in Massachusetts. The best plant spacing for marketable yield and marketable number of fruits was ‘15 cm’ in 2009; however, in 2010, the plant spacing that had the best marketable yield and the greater marketable number of fruits was ‘60 cm’ and ‘30 cm’, respectively. The use of trellis support indicated that the net returns on the ‘Trellis’ are higher than ‘No trellis’. However it is critical to understand the market preferences, such as size of the fruits and spines. This work speaks to the opportunities to supply the Brazilian markets and introduce this crop to non-Brazilian markets.