Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 142-179). Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 142-179). Also available online.

by Tsang Kwok Yeung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-93). / ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.I / ABSTRACT --- p.II / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.V / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A TYPE I RIP MOMORGROSVIN FROM THE SEEDS OF MOMORDICA GROSVENORI --- p.34 / GENERAL DISCUSSION --- p.80 / REFERENCES --- p.82

Leandria momordic 3 é um importante patógeno de cucurbitáceas. No entanto, além da baixa eficiência dos agroquímicos usados no seu controle, pouco se sabe sobre a sobrevivência, hospedeiros, variabilidade genética, fontes de resistência, virulência e comportamento in vitro deste fungo, além das desencontradas informações sobre a epidemiologia e o desenvolvimento da infecção em plantas no campo e em estufa. Pesquisou-se, então, em áreas de produção de pepinos no litoral de Santa Catarina e nos laboratórios da Epagri, em Itajaí, SC e da Faculdade de Agronomia da UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, controle químico; sobrevivência em hospedeiros, no solo e in vitro; preservação de restos culturais no campo; esporulação e infecção; gama de hospedeiros e de resistência; epidemiologia em campo e em estufa; variabilidade, através de polimorfismo de DNA, via AFLP e plasticidade morfológica. O fungo pode sobreviver no solo, em seus hospedeiros e in vitro, congelado ou em água destilada; apresenta anastomose e variabilidade genética entre isolados de hospedeiros distintos. A doença, cuja sintomatologia varia com a temperatura e umidade, é mais severa sob chuva e temperatura entre 18 a 25 °C. O micélio pode infectar, mesmo sob condições impróprias ao conídio. Cayaponia tayuya, Melothria pendula e Cucurbita maxima foram imunes ao fungo, e Cucurbita pepo, Bryonia cretica, Sicana odorifera, Cucumis metuliferus e Cucurbita pepo var. melopepo também são seus hospedeiros. A esporulação depende de luz, temperatura e meio de cultura e a luminosidade não interfere no crescimento. Colônias, após imersão em água, produzem mais esporos. A doença pode ser controlada pelo efeito guarda-chuva das estufas e por certos agroquímicos e o efeito biocida de Citrobio in vitro não se reproduz, necessariamente, no campo. / Leandria momordicE is an important pathogen of cucurbitaceee plants. However, the efficiency of pesticides used for its control — is poor and the existing knowledge on its survival, hosts, genetic variability, resistance sources, infection potential and in vitro behavior — is very reduced. Besides, the information available on the conditions that favor the development of infection and disease under field and greenhouse situations — is quite contradictory. Therefore, the following research studies were carried out in the main Santa Catarina cucumberproducing areas, Brazil, over latitude 28° S and longitude 48° W, at EPAGRI laboratories, and at Faculdade de Agronomia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul: chemical control, survival in hosts, soil an in vitro, maintenance of crop residues en field, sporulation and infection, scope of hosts and resistance, epidemiology in field and greenhouse, anastomosis, variability through DNA polymorphism and morphological plasticity. The fungus may survive in the soil, in hosts and in vitro (frozen or distilled water) and presents anastomosis and genetic variability between different host isolates. The disease, whose symptomatology varies according to temperature and moisture, gets more severe under temperature from18-25 °C and rainy conditions. The mycelium can infect even under unfavorable conditions to conidium. Cayaponia tayuya, Melothria pendula and Cucurbita maxima proved immune to the fungus, and Cucurbita pepo, Bryonia cretica, Sícana odorífera, Cucumis metuliferus and Cucurbita pepo var. melopepo also represent hosts. Sporulation depends on sunlight, temperature and culture mean; the sunlight does not interfere with the fungai growth. lmmersion the colonies in water may increased sporulation. The disease can be controlled by using greenhouse and certain pesticides; the effect of Citrobio, in vitro and under field conditions, is not necessarily alike.

published_or_final_version / Biological Sciences / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

The xerophytic gourds, Apodanthera undulata and Cucurbita digitata, hold promise as new sources of starch for industrial and domestic use as world population increases and food demands become greater. Thus, understanding of the chemical and physical properties of the starches from these arid land plants is required. Moisture content, ash, fiber and starch content of A. undulata and C. digitata roots were comparable to Solanum tuberosum (potato) and Manihot utilissima (tapioca). High lipid content was observed in A. undulata, but C. digitata was similar to tapioca in this respect. The composition of subject starches was comparable to standard starches. The lipid content of C. digitata starch was similar to that of corn starch, but A. undulata starch exhibited a higher content. A. undulata starch showed a higher iodine binding capacity, hence a higher amylose content, than C. digitata, potato and C. foetidissima starches. The number of terminal aldehyde groups and the average granule size of subject starches were comparable to tapioca starch. Interestingly, gelatinization temperature and percent sag test values were more similar to cereal starches such as corn, than to potato or tapioca. The swelling power of both starches was intermediate between corn and tapioca, while the solubility of A. undulata was similar to corn starch. The paste viscosity of A. undulata and C. digitata, when compared to corn, potato and C. foetidissima, proved to be most similar to corn. Viscosity maxima were intermediate between corn and potato. C. digitata starch was very stable, showing little change in paste viscosity after heating for one hour at 90°C. Increases in viscosity occurred during the cooling period for A. undulata, C. digitata and corn, but negligible changes occurred in C. foetidissima and potato. Starches isolated from A. undulata, C. digitata and potato were evaluated nutritionally by an in vivo study. Increases in digestibility of autoclaved starches (85% for A. undulata, 85% for C. digitata and 91% for potato) over raw starches (40% for A. undulata, 40% for C. digitata and 24% for potato) were confirmed by statistical analysis. Feed consumption and body weight gain were higher than for the potato starch diet. Autoclaving also improved net protein ratio and protein efficiency ratio. The fine structure of the macromolecular fractions amylose and amylopectin from starches of A. undulata and C. digitata were examined. The dimethyl sulfoxide method proved to be effective for fractionation of each starch. Purity of these components was confirmed by iodine binding capacity, and they were found to be similar to standard starches. Calculated values for degree of polymerization (DP) were similar to that of potato. Study of the fine structure of these components showed beta-amylolysis limits of approximately 90% for the amyloses and above 60% for the amylopectins. These values were similar to those of potato and intermediate between tapioca and cereal starches. The average chain length of the A. undulata amylopectin was found to be 25 with an outer chain length of 18 and an inner chain length of 6. The average chain length of 18 and an inner chain length of 6. The average chain length for C. digitata amylopectin was 26 with an outer chain length of 19 and an inner chain length of 6. These relatively long exterior layers with respect to the short interior layers show the amylopectins of these starches to be asymmetric molecules comparable to potato.

No description available.

No description available.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Florianópolis, 2014 / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-05T20:34:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 329868.pdf: 7837429 bytes, checksum: 89bcdac8e6e4a576d2010e572567a92e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / As cucurbitacinas são moléculas naturais para as quais são atribuídas diversas atividades biológicas. Na busca de um composto com potencial atividade antitumoral, este trabalho foi direcionado para a obtenção de derivados glicosilados de di-hidrocucurbitacina B (DHB). Nesse sentido, estratégias utilizadas na química medicinal, tais como modificação de grupos funcionais e extensão de cadeia foram utilizadas. Através de reação seletiva de oxidação em C-16, obteve-se o derivado de DHB 2, o qual foi submetido à reação de O-glicosilação com doadores monossacarídicos derivados de D-glicose (a), D-galactose (b), D-manose (c) e L-arabinose (d). Foram utilizadas diversas metodologias de O-glicosilação descritas na literatura, dentre elas, metodologias clássicas como Köenigs-Knorr, Helferich e Schmitd. O derivado galactosídeo 15 de DHB foi obtido com 3% de rendimento, através de reação do composto 2 e o doador monossacarídico tricloroacetimidato de galactose 9b, utilizando TMSOTf como promotor. O derivado azida de DHB 3 foi obtido em duas etapas, a partir do composto 2. Este produto, por sua vez, foi submetido à reação de cicloadição, para formação do anel 1,2,3-triazol-1,4-dissubstituído, com as séries de monossacarídeos contendo alcino terminal 10a-d e 18a-d. Os produtos 16a-d e 19a-d foram obtidos utilizando a estratégia de "Click Chemistry", suas estruturas foram confirmadas por espectroscopia de RMN, IV, e por espectrometria de massas de alta resolução (ESI-TOF). Os produtos 15, 16a-d e 19a-d são compostos inéditos e serão enviados para teste de atividade citotóxica frente à três linhagens de células tumorais.<br> / Abstract: Cucurbitacins are natural molecules to which are attributed many biological activities. In a search for a compound with potential antitumor activity, this work aims to obtain glycosylated derivatives of di-hidrocucurbitacina B (DHB). Thus, Medicinal Chemistry strategies, such as modification of functional groups and chain extension were used. DHB derivative 2 was obtained by selective oxidation reaction at C-16 position. O-glycosylation of 2 with the monosaccharidic donors derived from D-glucose (a) D-galactose (b) D-mannose (c) and L-arabinose (d) were performed. Different methodologies described in the literature, such as classical Koenigs-Knorr, Helferich and Schmitd reactions were tested. The galactoside DHB derivative 15 was obtained with 3% yield by reaction of compound 2 and trichloroacetimidate monosacharidic donor 9b, using TMSOTf as promoter. DHB azide derivative 3 was obtained in two steps from 2. The azide derivative were used for cycloaddition reaction to the formation of the 1,2,3-triazole ring ,1,4-disubstituted, with the series of monosaccharides containing terminal alkyne 10a-d and 18a-d. The products 16a-d and 19a-d were obtained using "Click Chemistry" strategy, and confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, IR and high resolution mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF). The products 15, 16a-d and 19a-d are novel compounds and will be evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against three tumor cell lines.

Leandria momordic 3 é um importante patógeno de cucurbitáceas. No entanto, além da baixa eficiência dos agroquímicos usados no seu controle, pouco se sabe sobre a sobrevivência, hospedeiros, variabilidade genética, fontes de resistência, virulência e comportamento in vitro deste fungo, além das desencontradas informações sobre a epidemiologia e o desenvolvimento da infecção em plantas no campo e em estufa. Pesquisou-se, então, em áreas de produção de pepinos no litoral de Santa Catarina e nos laboratórios da Epagri, em Itajaí, SC e da Faculdade de Agronomia da UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, controle químico; sobrevivência em hospedeiros, no solo e in vitro; preservação de restos culturais no campo; esporulação e infecção; gama de hospedeiros e de resistência; epidemiologia em campo e em estufa; variabilidade, através de polimorfismo de DNA, via AFLP e plasticidade morfológica. O fungo pode sobreviver no solo, em seus hospedeiros e in vitro, congelado ou em água destilada; apresenta anastomose e variabilidade genética entre isolados de hospedeiros distintos. A doença, cuja sintomatologia varia com a temperatura e umidade, é mais severa sob chuva e temperatura entre 18 a 25 °C. O micélio pode infectar, mesmo sob condições impróprias ao conídio. Cayaponia tayuya, Melothria pendula e Cucurbita maxima foram imunes ao fungo, e Cucurbita pepo, Bryonia cretica, Sicana odorifera, Cucumis metuliferus e Cucurbita pepo var. melopepo também são seus hospedeiros. A esporulação depende de luz, temperatura e meio de cultura e a luminosidade não interfere no crescimento. Colônias, após imersão em água, produzem mais esporos. A doença pode ser controlada pelo efeito guarda-chuva das estufas e por certos agroquímicos e o efeito biocida de Citrobio in vitro não se reproduz, necessariamente, no campo. / Leandria momordicE is an important pathogen of cucurbitaceee plants. However, the efficiency of pesticides used for its control — is poor and the existing knowledge on its survival, hosts, genetic variability, resistance sources, infection potential and in vitro behavior — is very reduced. Besides, the information available on the conditions that favor the development of infection and disease under field and greenhouse situations — is quite contradictory. Therefore, the following research studies were carried out in the main Santa Catarina cucumberproducing areas, Brazil, over latitude 28° S and longitude 48° W, at EPAGRI laboratories, and at Faculdade de Agronomia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul: chemical control, survival in hosts, soil an in vitro, maintenance of crop residues en field, sporulation and infection, scope of hosts and resistance, epidemiology in field and greenhouse, anastomosis, variability through DNA polymorphism and morphological plasticity. The fungus may survive in the soil, in hosts and in vitro (frozen or distilled water) and presents anastomosis and genetic variability between different host isolates. The disease, whose symptomatology varies according to temperature and moisture, gets more severe under temperature from18-25 °C and rainy conditions. The mycelium can infect even under unfavorable conditions to conidium. Cayaponia tayuya, Melothria pendula and Cucurbita maxima proved immune to the fungus, and Cucurbita pepo, Bryonia cretica, Sícana odorífera, Cucumis metuliferus and Cucurbita pepo var. melopepo also represent hosts. Sporulation depends on sunlight, temperature and culture mean; the sunlight does not interfere with the fungai growth. lmmersion the colonies in water may increased sporulation. The disease can be controlled by using greenhouse and certain pesticides; the effect of Citrobio, in vitro and under field conditions, is not necessarily alike.