This study compared acculturation and familism of first, second, and third generation Russian immigrants. A sample of 71 included 22 first generation, 30 second generation, and 18 third generation male and female Russian immigrants from Vancouver, B.C., ranging in age from 19 to 82. Questionnaires mailed included demographic items, the Bardis Familism Scale (Bardis, 1959), and a revised Short Acculturation Scale (Marin, Sabogal, Marin, Otero-Sabogal, and Perez-Stable, 1987). Results of one-way ANOVA's revealed that there were no significant differences in scores on the Bardis Familism Scale between any of the three generations, contrary to previous studies with other immigrant groups. However, second and third generation subjects scored significantly higher on the acculturation scale than first generation ones, [F (2, 67) =25.00, p = .001]. A high level of Russian speaking ability and a low education level were associated with higher familism scores, and greater length of time in Canada was associated with higher acculturation scores. Since scores on the acculturation scale were consistent with those obtained in studies with other immigrant groups, this study provides support for the validity of this scale for Russian immigrants. / Education, Faculty of / Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of / Graduate

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Chinese-American parents are parenting within two cultures: the mainstream American culture and their heritage Chinese culture. This study examined parental cultural orientations toward the American and Chinese cultures, and the implications for parenting practices among Chinese-American families. Parenting dimensions examined were both culture-general measures (parental warmth, punitive parenting, non-democratic parenting) and culture-specific measure (parental endorsement of family obligations). Data came from a two-wave survey of about 400 Chinese-American families (one target adolescent, mother, and father). First, within each wave, the study examined the concurrent relationships between parenting practices and adolescent depressive symptoms. Second, this study examined, concurrently and longitudinally, whether parental cultural orientations were associated with parenting practices both directly and indirectly through two mediating factors: parents' bicultural management difficulty and depressive symptoms. Analyses were conducted separately for mothers and fathers. First, study findings showed that parenting practices characterized by higher levels of warmth, strong endorsement of family obligations, and lower levels of punitive and non-democratic behaviors were associated with fewer depressive symptoms in adolescents. Second, the study demonstrated significant direct relationships between both Chinese and American orientations and parenting practices. While American orientation was related to effective parenting (more warmth, low punitiveness, low non-democratic parenting), Chinese orientation was related to effective parenting (more warmth, low non-democratic parenting, strong endorsement of family obligations) as well as ineffective parenting (high punitiveness). This study also showed that parents' bicultural management difficulty and depressive symptoms mediated the relationships between acculturation and culture-general parenting measures (warmth, punitiveness, and nondemocratic parenting). It was through these two mediators (bicultural management difficulty and parental depressive symptoms) that (1) Chinese orientation was related to less warmth, high punitive and non-democratic parenting and (2) American orientation was related to more warmth, low punitive and non-democratic parenting. Lastly, there was some evidence of longitudinal relationships (father's American orientation at w1 predicted more warmth at w2; mother's American orientation at w1 predicted low punitiveness at w2 through the mediating factors of bicultural management difficulty and depressive symptoms at w1). The study suggests that parental psychological maladjustment is a promising area for interventions to promote parenting and adolescent development among ChineseAmerican families.

The purpose of this program of research was to determine the value of autonomy for ethnic minorities. Self-determination theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 2000) has argued that the need for autonomy is universal. Subsequently, it was expected that, across a broad range of ethnicities, autonomous internalization of cultural norms would be associated with well-being. Furthermore, how multicultural individuals integrate their identities was also anticipated to impact on their well-being and their daily functioning. The present thesis is comprised of four studies. Study 1 assessed ethnic minorities' internalization of their host and heritage cultures. The results indicated that autonomous internalization was associated with cultural competence and context specific well-being. Furthermore, coming from an egalitarian heritage culture was associated with greater cultural internalization. Cultural adaptation in both heritage and English-Canadian cultures combined to predict psychological well-being. Finally, the ability to integrate one's heritage and host cultural identities was associated with well-being. / Study 2 and 3 examined the impact of parental autonomy support on heritage culture internalization. Study 2 was comprised of a sample of ethnic minorities living in Canada. Regression analyses revealed that parental autonomy support was related to autonomous internalization of the heritage culture and to higher self- and peer-reported well-being. Study 3 used a sample of Chinese-Malaysian sojourners. The results of study 3 replicated study 2. Sojourners were more likely to have autonomously internalized their heritage culture when they had autonomy supportive parents. Parental autonomy support was also associated with increased well-being. / Study 4 used an event-contingent daily recording strategy to examine the relation of perceived evaluations of a multicultural person's heritage group to the nature and quality of their social interactions. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses revealed that the valence of the evaluation of one's heritage culture impacted on the characteristics of the interaction. Moderator analyses revealed that how a person conceptualized their multicultural identity and their level of public collective self-esteem influenced how reactive they were to how their heritage group was being evaluated. Together, these results demonstrate the significance of autonomy and cultural integration for minorities' well-being.

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This thesis is a study of the Americanization of the Hawaiians.

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Globalization and transnationalism make us homogenized and heterogenized at the same time. This research looks into the social interactions of the French with other nationalities, and goes beyond the daily life in Shanghai to investigate the transnational connections with France. Based on interviews and participant observation for 12 months in 2006, this research finds that the majority of the French expatriates in Shanghai develop a cosmopolitan culture which incorporates the consumption of exotic cultural products of the Other---Asian antiques, furniture, Chinese materials which are not for decoration, reading French literature including that on the exotic Asia, learning Chinese and English language, speaking English, mobility, and French lifestyle. However, they are not cosmopolitan in terms of social network. / Globalization has witnessed the wide-spread adoption of English language and Anglo-American culture. Today the French, a previous world power, are still trying to promote the radiance of French haute culture. This research adds to the study of cultural imperialism and also contributes to the anthropological study of foreign communities in China, by linking cosmopolitanism, globalization, and transnationalism. / This research asks whether the French expatriates residing in Shanghai are cosmopolitan. Do the French retain the basic elements of their culture of origin within a mostly exclusive French community? Or, due to the nature of the globalized corporate world to which they belong, do they develop a community as part of an international cosmopolitan one with its own cultural norms and patterns of behavior? / Hou, Jing Rong. / Adviser: Joseph Bosco. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-04, Section: A, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 319-333). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.