Title page, table of contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University of Adelaide Library. / "This thesis argues that during the decade 1983-93 South Australia’s heritage legislation was not effective in protecting Adelaide’s traditional built character. The Bannon government was committed to growth through major developments during an economic recession, and many of those developments entailed at least the partial demolition of heritage-listed buildings." --p. iv. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1277500 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of History and Politics, 2007

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-11-21T09:01:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Gabriella Pavlopoulos Spaolonzi.pdf: 1567221 bytes, checksum: d847125617fcbe89425f3addb6ccea72 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-21T09:01:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Gabriella Pavlopoulos Spaolonzi.pdf: 1567221 bytes, checksum: d847125617fcbe89425f3addb6ccea72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-27 / The aim of this study is the balanced protection of the rights reached by state intervention in the ownership of urban real estate in the form of tipping. To achieve this aim, in the first part, we discuss the concepts elevated to the constitutional guarantee. More precisely, on the elements that make up the concept of cultural heritage as well as the right to property. From the valorization of the right to culture, which is also constitutionalised, a new meaning of the social function of property is focused in order to conclude that property has lost its absolute character over the years. This research then visited the various forms of state intervention in private property to devote greater attention to tipping - the most important instrument of our legal system for the protection of cultural heritage. A special chapter was dedicated to the indemnification aspect of tipping to conclude that the aforementioned form of state intervention, often responsible for serious damage to the holder of the domain, accommodates itself in social resilience. From this conclusion, the study dealt with the right of indemnification of the individual and some forms of its concretization. The second part of the study devoted attention to the Vila Operária Maria Zéliae, located in the neighborhood of Belém, in São Paulo. This village was established more than one hundred years ago. This Villa suffers from the effects of the tipping since the 1980s. This state intervention has in many cases configured the total misconfiguration of the property with total damage to the cultural patrimony. For what possible solutions can concrete case await? The conclusion of the study highlights the need to apply instruments aimed at provoking the responsibility of the parties affected by the tipping. As for the particular, the need for it to be called to respond for the effective maintenance of the good even in the form of its provocation in the hypotheses in which it does not have the financial resources for such purpose. In relation to the Public Power, to respond for the damages caused not only to the particular but to the cultural patrimony in the situations in which it remains inert even when the hype and lack of knowledge of the owner of the domain was a known fact even before the concretization of his intervention in his property . / O objeto de estudo deste é trabalho é a proteção equilibrada dos direitos atingidos pela intervenção estatal na propriedade de bens imóveis urbanos, na forma de tombamento. Com esse propósito, discorre-se, numa primeira parte, sobre conceitos elevados à garantia constitucional. Mais precisamente, sobre os elementos que compõem o conceito de patrimônio cultural bem como o direito de propriedade. A partir da valorização do direito à cultura, igualmente constitucionalizado, foca-se um novo significado da função social da propriedade para se concluir que a propriedade perdeu, ao longo dos anos, seu caráter absoluto. Em seguida, esta pesquisa visitou as diversas formas de intervenção do Estado na propriedade privada para dedicar maior atenção ao tombamento – instrumento mais importante do nosso ordenamento jurídico para proteção do patrimônio cultural. Dedicou-se um capítulo especial ao aspecto indenizatório do tombamento para se concluir que mencionada forma de intervenção estatal, muitas vezes responsável por prejuízos graves ao titular do domínio, acomoda-se na resiliência social. A partir desta conclusão, o estudo versou sobre o direito indenizatório do particular e algumas formas de sua concretização. A segunda parte do trabalho dedicou atenção ao caso Vila Operária Maria Zélia, situada no Bairro do Belém, no Município de São Paulo. Constituída há mais de um século, esta Vila padece com os efeitos do tombamento desde a década de 1980. Referida intervenção estatal configurou, em muitos casos, a total desconfiguração do bem com total prejuízo ao patrimônio cultural. Por quais soluções possíveis caso concreto por aguardar? A conclusão dos estudos coloca em evidência a necessidade de aplicação de instrumentos voltados à provocação da responsabilidade das partes atingidas pelo tombamento. Quanto ao particular, a necessidade de o mesmo ser chamado a responder pela efetiva manutenção do bem inclusive na forma de sua provocação nas hipóteses em que não dispõe de recursos 8 financeiros para tal finalidade. Em relação ao Poder Público, para responder pelos prejuízos causados não apenas ao particular, mas ao patrimônio cultural nas situações em que se mantém inerte mesmo quando a hipossuficiência e o desconhecimento do titular do domínio era fato sabido antes mesmo da concretização de sua intervenção em sua propriedade.

In order to illustrate why museums are frequently sites of conflict and mediation, this dissertation examines the complex conditions under which knowledge is produced and disseminated at three Canadian museums. Approaching museums as social arenas or contact zones, the dissertation exposes power struggles in museums and dislodges a whole set of assumptions about what museums are and how they function. For the study I selected the following museums with anthropological mandates: MacBride Museum (Whitehorse), Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre (Yellowknife), and Vancouver Museum (Vancouver). The three museums were chosen because their geographical proximity to large communities of Aboriginal Peoples enabled an exploration of the changing relationships between them. Historically, museums have held the power to classify and define Aboriginal Peoples. Relatively recently, however Aboriginal Peoples have in various ways (by imposing constraints on how they and their cultures are exhibited, and through land claims and repatriation requests) been challenging their historic relationships with museums. In chapter one I discuss my objectives, methodology, and the work of those scholars who shaped this dissertation. Chapter two explores the invention of museums in the western world and begins linking the three Canadian museums with knowledge and power. In chapters three, four, and five I portray the mobility and productivity of three museums (MacBride Museum, PWNHC, and Vancouver Museum) in three distinct regions of Canada. I illustrate their ability to articulate identity, power, and tradition as well as the role they perform in the social organization of power relations. Each chapter begins with a description of the historical roots of power relations at each institution. This leads into a discussion of each museum's present system of authority: the state, governing bodies, professional staff and, increasingly, Aboriginal representatives. In the process I reveal some of the political pressures, institutional hierarchies, and personal conflicts that shape knowledge within these institutions. Chapter six is a review and critical analysis of systems of authority of the three museums and the challenges presented by Aboriginal Peoples. I conclude with the issues raised at the outset, which continue to confront the Canadian museum community, issues of inclusion and the limitations of cross-cultural translation, repatriation, and representation. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate

The thesis has investigated the place of Zimbabwean indigenous intangible heritage in a globalising environment. It used the Shona language and intangible heritage situation as a case study. It argued that Zimbabwean intangible heritage is continually being eroded by the agents of globalisation and that the only way of safeguarding it from extinction is through the preservation of Zimbabwean indigenous languages. The thesis has come to this conclusion after having established that there is an intimate and inseparable bond between language and its intangible values so much that it is not possible to talk of one devoid of the other. The relationship has been seen to be symbiotic. The Shona language has been established to embody, express and to be a carrier of all the intangible heritage of its speakers into the future by re-living them in the people’s daily life while these intangible values have been seen to conserve the language through their continued practice by the people. The research has also established that Zimbabwean intangible heritage marginalisation has roots in colonialism, dating as far back as the early Christian missionary days. The Shona intangible heritage has also been seen to be still of value despite the global threats as evidenced by the people’s continued re-living of it through language. The thesis has also noted that the Zimbabwean Ministry of Education, Sport and Culture is still using out-dated colonial language policies that still further the ascendancy of English and the intangible values it stands for while indigenous languages and values are marginalised in the education system, in government and in industry thereby worsening their predicament in the global environment. The current socio-economic and political developments in the country and some Shona novelists in Shona and in English are also culprits in this whole process as they continue to demonise and infantilise Zimbabwean intangible heritage. The thesis has therefore asserted that Zimbabwean intangible heritage is most likely to be eroded from the face of the earth if no measures are taken to safeguard it from extinction. It has therefore wound up by arguing that the survival of Zimbabwean intangible heritage lies in the survival of Zimbabwean indigenous languages through which it continues to be practised and felt by its people. The thesis has therefore recommended that the Zimbabwean government adopt sound language policies that safeguard the survival of Zimbabwean indigenous languages to enable the indigenous intangible heritage of the people to survive as well as the two are intricately related. / African Languages / D. Litt. et. Phil.(African Languages)

MA (Anthropolgy) / Centre for African Studies / Commemorative structures like walls of remembrance, statues and monuments are representatives of social narratives and they usually represent the current political order. They also represent heroes deemed important by the current political regime. These structures, together with the corresponding narrative, can either be of local, regional or national importance. Nghunghunyani was a Gaza Nguni king who reigned in southern Mozambique in 19th century. His statue in the town of Giyani is a case in point. Nghunghunyani fought wars and entered into negotiations with the Portuguese in southern Mozambique in order to keep the land of his forefathers. However, the erection of his statue sparked controversy and has been met with resentment and rejection among the people of the region where it has been placed. This study aimed to elucidate the reasons behind the resentment and the rejection of the statue. This was done by examining the history of the homeland of Gazankulu and of the clans of the region in order to understand the ethnic enclaves of the Tsonga and the Shangaan, and the political undercurrents involved in the erection of a statue which is undeniably of national significance, but problematic locally and regionally. As heroes are imbedded in collective memory and collective narratives, the theory of collective memory following on Maurice Halbwachs was used. The discussion on ethnicity was directed by the ethnicity theories of Webber and Geertz. The interview was employed as the tool for collecting data, which elucidated that Nghunghunyani is not part of their founding heroes and that their praise poems do not include this historical figure. It appears that in as much as Nghunghunyani is a regional hero, his representation in Giyani is clouding the real history of the region and the debates are clouding the hero that King Nghunghunyani was. The study unveiled that Nghunghunyani is a nationally celebrated hero who cannot be contextualised positively in the local context amongst Tsonga speaking tribes and chiefdoms due to the nature of the hostile historical relationship between the ancestors of these groups and the Gaza Nguni.

The creative submission for my dissertation includes two of my documentary works: They Will Take My Island, a thirty-minute multimedia collaboration with filmmaker Atom Egoyan for amplified string octet, electronic track, and film, commissioned by the Metropolitan Museum of Art; and Paper Pianos, a ninety-minute staged collaboration with director Nigel Maister and projection artist Kevork Mourad. The written submission for my dissertation is an examination of the ways in which experiences around transgenerational trauma inform and manifest in my creative practice. I offer a summary of my own family history of survivors of the Armenian Genocide and Lebanese Civil War, as well as a survey of displacement amongst the Armenian community in the past century. Furthermore, I discuss identity processing as diaspora and the act of cultural preservation, as inspired by genocide survivor, composer, priest, writer, and musicologist, Komitas Vardapet. I later examine these ideas in the context of creating They Will Take My Island and Paper Pianos, both of which were constructively motivated by transgenerational survivor’s guilt and draw from extra-musical documentary and horror genre practices.

In the Powder River Basin of Wyoming, our nation's interest in protecting its cultural heritage collides with the high demand for carbon fuels. "Clinker" deposits dot the basin. These distinctive buttes, created by the underground combustion of coal, are underlain by coal veins; they also provided the main lithic resources for prehistoric hunter-gatherers. These deposits signify both a likelihood of extractable carbon and high archaeological site density. Federal law requires that energy developers must identify culturally significant sites before mining can begin. The research presented here explains the need for and describes a statistical tool with the potential to predict sites where carbon and cultural resources co-occur, thus streamlining the process of identifying important heritage sites to protect them from adverse impacts by energy development. The methods used for this predictive model include two binary logistic regression models using known archaeological sites in the Powder River Basin. The model as developed requires further refinement; the results are nevertheless applicable to future research in this and similar areas, as I discuss in my conclusion.

Iraq is a country of great cultural significance as it is where civilization first began. As a result of its lengthy occupation, it is virtually one large archaeological site. In spite of numerous warnings to the governments of both the United States and the United Kingdom, no efforts were made to protect the Iraqi National Museum in Baghdad when the American-led coalition unlawfully invaded Iraq. Indeed, orders were given not to interfere with the looting. During the occupation that followed, the United States failed to take steps to protect Iraqi cultural property. In terms of international law, it was obliged to protect Iraq’s cultural property. The United States also chose to exacerbate its unlawful conduct by occupying archaeological sites and damaging them further by illegal construction. As a result many significant sites have been irreparably damaged or destroyed. Their conduct was the result of complete indifference to the Iraqi cultural heritage. Although their actions render them iin breach of international law, it is unlikely that the United States will ever be prosecuted for its actions. / Old Testament & Ancient Near Eastern Studies / M.A. (Ancient Near Eastern Studies)

This dissertation focuses on utopian versus dystopian perceptions of rural indigenous African societies with regard to the modern metropolis. Since the evolution of the modern metropolis, rural African societies have undergone significant and complex cultural changes that have dislodged rural cultures from being perceived in terms of the traditional notion of fixity. This has lead to the modern city being seen as either utopian or dystopian by rural African societies. The dissertation questions the “utopianess” of the modern metropolis with a special focus on its central idea of “progress”. Special attention is given to artists who explore this cultural phenomenon in the utopian–dystopian paradigm. The dissertation goes further to address the cultural impact of recent technological developments on rural and urban societies, the researcher’s perceptions of this impact and how this has contributed to the dynamics that characterise the cultures of contemporary rural and urban migrants / Art History, Visual Arts & Musicology / M.A. (Visual Arts)

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences. / Centre for Macau Studies