War ranged in the mountains during the four years of the American Civil War. Campaigns intended to capture the Cumberland Gap and the vital railroad line leading out of Knoxville, Tennessee became a prerogative. However, these campaigns evolved from large infantry units to mobile mounted units that allowed them to operate in the mountainous region of Southern Appalachia. First commanders in the area experimented with using the common infantry units, as they would in any military campaign, but they soon found that large infantry units ate out the surrounding communities. Commanders found that mounted units could quickly move through the mountains and to their destination, thereby living off the land for a shorter amount of time and accomplishing their missions more successfully.

Cattle farming is vital to the economy of the United States. Frequently, cattle are given access to ponds and streams for water. The relative impacts of cattle access in natural water sources on the periphyton community have been rarely investigated. Periphyton is the basis of the aquatic food web, and community composition can serve as a bioindicator of pollution. Thus, my objectives were to quantify the effects of cattle access in aquatic lentic systems on periphyton community structure and biovolume, identify taxa that were associated with cattle access, and identify abiotic mechanisms that might be driving assemblage changes. I conducted my research in 4 cattle-access (CA) and 4 no-access (NA) farm ponds on the University of Tennessee Plateau Research and Education Center from May 2005 – April 2006. Periphyton community composition and water quality were measured every 2 weeks using standard environmental monitoring procedures. I documented 181 new periphyton taxonomic records (7 phyla, 52 families, and 132 genera) in Cumberland County, Tennessee. Periphyton species richness was greatest in NA ponds. Mean biovolume of pollution-sensitive diatoms (e.g., Achnanthidium minutissimum, Cymbella sp., Eunotia sp., Fragilaria crotonensis and Tabellaria fenestrata) was greater in NA ponds. In contrast, pollution-tolerant diatoms (e.g., Gomphonema sp. and Navicula sp.) and non-diatoms (e.g., Oscillatoria sp. and Scenedesmus sp.) were more abundant in CA ponds. Turbidity, pH, conductivity, and concentrations of the total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, potassium, periphyton phosphorus, silicon, iron, magnesium and aluminum were greater in CA ponds. Thus, changes in water quality associated with cattle-access likely mediated changes in the periphyton community. Considering that changes in periphyton community composition can destabilize higher trophic levels, I recommend that cattle farmers take advantage of USDA conservation programs that provide funds for fencing cattle from watersheds and developing alternate water sources. My results also provide evidence that monitoring the periphyton community is a reliable technique to detect water pollution from cattle.

I examined the effects of hydrologic gradients and upland timber harvesting with different streamside management zone widths on yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) processing and the associated macroinvertebrate community structure in the Cumberland Plateau ecophysic region, U.S.A. Prior to upland timber harvesting, 5.0 ± 0.1 g yellow-poplar leaf packs were constructed, zip-tied to gutter nails, and placed into 7 perennial and 6 temporary stream reaches with similar physiochemical and geomorphic characteristics. From December 2007 to May 2008, 3–5 leaf packs were collected per reach monthly. I found significant differences in the functional feeding group composition. Temporary reaches contained higher shredder, gathering-collector, predator, and total macroinvertebrate abundances. Shredder and total macroinvertebrate biomass was also higher in the temporary stream reaches. Gathering-collector biomass along one measurement was higher in the temporary streams. Perennial and temporary stream reaches contained similar macroinvertebrate diversity. Logging operations occurred from May 2008–December 2008. After logging operations ended, yellow-poplar leaf packs were placed into the perennial and temporary reaches of 3 control and 3 treatment streams (2 with same SMZ width, 1 different). From December 2008–May 2009. Leaf packs were collected monthly. Within the temporary and perennial stream reaches, no significant differences were detected between control and treatment yellow-poplar processing rates. No significant differences were detected between the control and treatment functional feeding group composition in abundance and biomass. Post-harvest, taxon richness increased in both the perennial control and treatment streams, while richness declined in the temporary control and increased in the temporary treatment. My findings indicate that when water is present, organic matter processing will function similarly to downstream reaches that have continual water flow. During seasonal flow patterns, macroinvertebrate communities associated with organic matter are present in temporary streams and may exceed perennial stream reaches in their density and biomass. This indicates that temporary streams are physically suitable habitats for macroinvertebrate fauna and contribute to a stream’s form and function. Overall, no observed distinct response in yellow-poplar processing rates or the associated macroinvertebrate community structure was detected within the perennial or temporary streams. Macroinvertebrate community structure varied spatially and temporally. On the taxonomic level, increases in taxa-specific abundance and biomass remain to be explained. Future research assessing interactions on the taxonomic level might help explain increases or decreases in abundance and biomass in relation to treatment effects. This study documented the response of organic matter breakdown and associated macroinvertebrate community structure during the 1st 5 months after logging. Thus, it is only a snapshot of stream ecosystem response to disturbance. Long-term studies are needed to evaluate full ecosystem response and recovery. Due to uncontrollable factors, I was not able to evaluate the success of different SMZ widths. Results documented should be treated with hesitancy, until full ecosystem response has been documented.

Cattle farming is vital to the economy of the United States. Frequently, cattle are given access to ponds and streams for water. The relative impacts of cattle access in natural water sources on the periphyton community have been rarely investigated. Periphyton is the basis of the aquatic food web, and community composition can serve as a bioindicator of pollution. Thus, my objectives were to quantify the effects of cattle access in aquatic lentic systems on periphyton community structure and biovolume, identify taxa that were associated with cattle access, and identify abiotic mechanisms that might be driving assemblage changes. I conducted my research in 4 cattle-access (CA) and 4 no-access (NA) farm ponds on the University of Tennessee Plateau Research and Education Center from May 2005 – April 2006. Periphyton community composition and water quality were measured every 2 weeks using standard environmental monitoring procedures. I documented 181 new periphyton taxonomic records (7 phyla, 52 families, and 132 genera) in Cumberland County, Tennessee. Periphyton species richness was greatest in NA ponds. Mean biovolume of pollution-sensitive diatoms (e.g., Achnanthidium minutissimum, Cymbella sp., Eunotia sp., Fragilaria crotonensis and Tabellaria fenestrata) was greater in NA ponds. In contrast, pollution-tolerant diatoms (e.g., Gomphonema sp. and Navicula sp.) and non-diatoms (e.g., Oscillatoria sp. and Scenedesmus sp.) were more abundant in CA ponds. Turbidity, pH, conductivity, and concentrations of the total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, potassium, periphyton phosphorus, silicon, iron, magnesium and aluminum were greater in CA ponds. Thus, changes in water quality associated with cattle-access likely mediated changes in the periphyton community. Considering that changes in periphyton community composition can destabilize higher trophic levels, I recommend that cattle farmers take advantage of USDA conservation programs that provide funds for fencing cattle from watersheds and developing alternate water sources. My results also provide evidence that monitoring the periphyton community is a reliable technique to detect water pollution from cattle.

Project (D. Min.)--Perkins School of Theology, Southern Methodist University, 1986. / Abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 349-354).

My project examines eighteenth-century struggles over literary property and its part in England’s control over its colonies. Debates over literary property set in the context of the larger colonial struggles over ownership help us to understand the relationship between authority and authorship: in the colonies, booksellers and authors worked together to make authority and authorship local, to separate it from England, English constructions of authorship, and the book trade system in London. The figures I analyze––Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift, Samuel Johnson, and Mathew Carey––brought new models of print capitalism to the colonies, dispersing an understanding of copyright that was an assertion of local affiliations. In the case of Ireland, these affiliations manifested themselves in a nationalist movement, and in Scotland, in an assertion of equality under the union of Great Britain. In the newly formed United States, the affiliations were among those still struggling for legal recognition after the American Revolution. Using book history in the service of literary analysis, my study is the first devoted to reading the way that liminal figures such as George Faulkner, Alexander Donaldson, Absalom Jones, and Richard Allen have influenced the work of these largely canonical authors, and thus local politics, through their literary production practices. / text

Ceramic material culture recovered from archaeological sites has more to offer the researcher than placing the site or strata into a cultural historic timeline. By examining the characteristics of ceramics manufactured during the Woodland Period in southern Kentucky, this thesis answers questions related to the behavior of the potters who lived and worked there. Using the theoretical basis of ceramic ecology and technological choice, this thesis examines the choices made by the potters of two sites, the Long (15Ru17) and Rowena (15Ru10) sites, located along the Cumberland River in Russell County, Kentucky. The two sites are also compared to one another and similar assemblages in the Upper Cumberland River Valley, in terms of temporal occupation and utilization of tempering resources. Ultimately, the potters who occupied the Long and Rowena sites during the Woodland Period used locally available materials to temper their clay, even as they emulated other ceramic types. In terms of the two sites themselves, it appears that while they were not occupied by the same population of potters, they did employ similar tempering agents and stylistic types. Examining the behavior of potters who occupied these two sites informs the researcher about the behavior of the larger region of the Upper Cumberland Valley.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary, 2007. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-111).

Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 1963. / Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-77).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2009. / Title from title page screen (viewed on Nov. 5, 2009). Thesis advisor: Thomas J. Near. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.