Thesis (M.S.D.)--Indiana University School of Dentistry, 2009. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Feb. 5, 2010) Advisor(s): John A. Levon, Chair of the Research Committee, Carl J. Andres, Tien-Min Gabriel Chu, David Brown, Suteera Hovijitra. Curriculum vitae. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-69).

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho, dividido em três estudos, foi avaliar: (1) a influência da utilização de diferentes fontes de luz e métodos de fotoativação sobre o grau de conversão e a contração de polimerização de uma resina composta nanoparticulada; (2) a influência da utilização dos diferentes métodos de fotoativacao, disponibilizados por aparelhos LED de 2a geração, sobre a contração volumétrica das resinas compostas microhíbrida e nanopartículada e (3) as propriedades térmicas e o grau de conversão das resinas compostas microhíbrida e nanopartículada, submetidas aos diferentes métodos de fotoativação disponibilizados por aparelhos LED de 2a geracao. No primeiro estudo, o grau de conversão (GC) foi avaliado pelo metodo da espectroscopia infravermelha transformada de Fourier (FT-IR) e as forças de contração (C) mensuradas em máquina de ensaios universal (EMIC). Os dados obtidos para o GC e C foram analísados estatísticamente pelo teste da análise de variancia (ANOVA), sendo que para as forças de contração, a correção de Welch e o teste Tamhane também foram empregados. No segundo estudo, a contração volumétrica foi avaliada por um mecanismo de vídeo e imagem (AcuvolR/Bisco) e os dados obtidos foram análisados estatísticamente pelos testes ANOVA e Tukey. No terceiro estudo, o método da calorimetria exploratória diferencial foi empregado para avaliar a temperatura de transição vitrea (Tg) e de degradação dos materiais e o GC por FTIR. Os dados relativos ao GC foram análisados estatísticamente pelos testes ANOVA e Tukey. Os resultados demonstraram diferenças na contração de polimerização de acordo com o método de fotoativação empregado. No primeiro e segundo estudos, mesmo empregando diferentes metodologias, o método de fotoativação contínuo apresentou os maiores valores de contração. Por outro lado,o GC não... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this work, divided into three studies, was evaluate: (1) the influence of different light sources and photo-activation methods on degree of conversion and polymerization shrinkage of a nanocomposite resin; (2) the influence of different photo-activation methods, available by the 2nd generation LED light-curing units, on the volumetric shrinkage of microhybrid and nanocomposite resins and (3) thermal properties and degree of conversion of microhybrid and nanocomposite resins submitted to different photo-activation methods available by 2nd generation LED light-curing units. In the first study, degree of conversion (DC) was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and shrinkage forces (S) were measured in a universal testing machine (EMIC). The data obtained for DC and S were analyzed by Analysis of Variance test (ANOVA) and for S Welch's correction and Tamhane's tests were also employed. In the second study, volumetric shrinkage was evaluated by video-imaging device (AcuvolR/Bisco) and data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test. In the third study, differential scanning calorimetry was used in order to observe glass transition temperature (Tg) and degradation peak of the materials and DC was evaluated for FT-IR. The DC data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test. The results showed differences in the polymerization shrinkage according to photo-activation method employed. In the first and second studies, the continuous photo-activation methods presented the highest values for shrinkage even though different methodologies were used to assess. Moreover, DC was not influenced by the photo-activation method but was influenced by light sources. The lowest DC values were observed for halogen light-curing unit. In the second study beyond the influence of the photo-activation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Marcelo Ferrarezi de Andrade / Coorientador: Alessandra Nara de Souza Rastelli / Banca: Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona / Banca: Denise Pedrini / Banca: Osmir Batista de Oliveira Junior / Banca: José Roberto Cury Saad / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:41:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_sxs_dr_arafo.pdf: 852844 bytes, checksum: 8945fe6817e7f7f0051c98cb920416e1 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo deste trabalho, dividido em três estudos, foi avaliar: (1) a influência da utilização de diferentes fontes de luz e métodos de fotoativação sobre o grau de conversão e a contração de polimerização de uma resina composta nanoparticulada; (2) a influência da utilização dos diferentes métodos de fotoativacao, disponibilizados por aparelhos LED de 2a geração, sobre a contração volumétrica das resinas compostas microhíbrida e nanopartículada e (3) as propriedades térmicas e o grau de conversão das resinas compostas microhíbrida e nanopartículada, submetidas aos diferentes métodos de fotoativação disponibilizados por aparelhos LED de 2a geracao. No primeiro estudo, o grau de conversão (GC) foi avaliado pelo metodo da espectroscopia infravermelha transformada de Fourier (FT-IR) e as forças de contração (C) mensuradas em máquina de ensaios universal (EMIC). Os dados obtidos para o GC e C foram analísados estatísticamente pelo teste da análise de variancia (ANOVA), sendo que para as forças de contração, a correção de Welch e o teste Tamhane também foram empregados. No segundo estudo, a contração volumétrica foi avaliada por um mecanismo de vídeo e imagem (AcuvolR/Bisco) e os dados obtidos foram análisados estatísticamente pelos testes ANOVA e Tukey. No terceiro estudo, o método da calorimetria exploratória diferencial foi empregado para avaliar a temperatura de transição vitrea (Tg) e de degradação dos materiais e o GC por FTIR. Os dados relativos ao GC foram análisados estatísticamente pelos testes ANOVA e Tukey. Os resultados demonstraram diferenças na contração de polimerização de acordo com o método de fotoativação empregado. No primeiro e segundo estudos, mesmo empregando diferentes metodologias, o método de fotoativação contínuo apresentou os maiores valores de contração. Por outro lado,o GC não... / The aim of this work, divided into three studies, was evaluate: (1) the influence of different light sources and photo-activation methods on degree of conversion and polymerization shrinkage of a nanocomposite resin; (2) the influence of different photo-activation methods, available by the 2nd generation LED light-curing units, on the volumetric shrinkage of microhybrid and nanocomposite resins and (3) thermal properties and degree of conversion of microhybrid and nanocomposite resins submitted to different photo-activation methods available by 2nd generation LED light-curing units. In the first study, degree of conversion (DC) was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and shrinkage forces (S) were measured in a universal testing machine (EMIC). The data obtained for DC and S were analyzed by Analysis of Variance test (ANOVA) and for S Welch’s correction and Tamhane’s tests were also employed. In the second study, volumetric shrinkage was evaluated by video-imaging device (AcuvolR/Bisco) and data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test. In the third study, differential scanning calorimetry was used in order to observe glass transition temperature (Tg) and degradation peak of the materials and DC was evaluated for FT-IR. The DC data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test. The results showed differences in the polymerization shrinkage according to photo-activation method employed. In the first and second studies, the continuous photo-activation methods presented the highest values for shrinkage even though different methodologies were used to assess. Moreover, DC was not influenced by the photo-activation method but was influenced by light sources. The lowest DC values were observed for halogen light-curing unit. In the second study beyond the influence of the photo-activation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:51:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 caldas_mrgr_me_arafo.pdf: 492580 bytes, checksum: 6bbf6b8719f88e58ede102ebb27a6c6c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo deste trabalho, dividido em dois estudos, foi avaliar: (1) a influência dos tipos de ponteiras (fibra óptica e polímero) utilizadas em um aparelho fotoativador à base de LED (Ultrablue IS - DMC) sobre o grau de conversão e dureza de uma resina composta microhíbrida (FiltekTM Z250) e uma nanoparticulada (FiltekTM Supreme XT); e (2) a influência dos tipos de ponteiras (fibra óptica e polímero) utilizadas em um aparelho fotoativador à base de LED (Ultrablue IS - DMC) sobre a resistência à compressão de uma resina composta microhíbrida (FiltekTM Z250) e uma nanoparticulada (FiltekTM Supreme XT). No primeiro estudo, para os testes de grau de conversão (GC) e dureza, cinco corpos-de-prova com 4 mm de diâmetro e 2 mm de espessura (ISO 4049), foram confeccionados para cada grupo avaliado. O grau de conversão foi analisado pelo Espectrofotômetro Nexus - 470 FT-IR. Para o teste de dureza Vickers, os corpos-de-prova foram levados ao Durômetro Micromet 2100 (Buehler, EUA) onde foi utilizada uma carga de 50 gramas força (gf) e tempo de 30 segundos. Para cada corpo-de-prova oito medidas foram realizadas nas superfícies de topo e base. Os dados obtidos para o GC e dureza foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste de Análise de Variância (ANOVA) e Tukey. No segundo estudo, para o teste de resistência à compressão foram confeccionados oito corpos-de-prova com 8 mm de altura e 4 mm de diâmetro. O teste foi realizado na máquina de ensaio universal EMIC com célula de carga de 5 kN à velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste ANOVA e o teste Tamhane. Os resultados demonstraram que o GC e dureza foram influenciados pelas ponteiras, sendo a dureza também influenciada pelo tipo de resina composta utilizada. A resina composta microhíbrida fotoativada com a ponteira de fibra óptica apresentou maiores valores do GC e dureza... / The aim of this work, divided into two studies, was evaluate: (1) the influence of types of light guide tips (fiber optic and polymer) used in a photo-activation based on LED (Ultrablue IS - DMC) on the degree of conversion and hardness one microhybrid FiltekTM Z250 and one nanofilled FiltekTM Supreme XT composite resins; and (2) the influence of types of light guide tips (fiber optic and polymer) used in a photo-activation based on LED (Ultrablue IS - DMC) on the compressive strength of one microhybrid FiltekTM Z250 and one nanofilled FiltekTM Supreme XT composite resins. In the first study, to test the degree of conversion (GC) and hardness, five samples 4 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness (ISO 4049) were made for each group evaluated. The degree of conversion was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). For the Vickers hardness test, the samples were brought to the durometer Micromet 2100 (Buehler, USA) where was used a load of 50 gram force (gf) and time of 30 seconds. For each sample test measurements were performed eigth measures on the surfaces of top and bottom. The data obtained for the GC and hardness test were statistically analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test. In the second study to test the compressive strength eight samples (4 mm in diameter and 8 mm in thickness) were made for each group evaluated, and the test was conducted in a universal testing machine EMIC with load cell 5 kN and speed of 0,5 mm/min. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA test and Tamhane’s test. The results showed that the GC and hardness were influenced by the light guide tip, and the hardness also influenced by the type of resin used. The microhybrid composite resin photo-activated with the fiber optic light tip had higher values of GC and hardness. The lowest values of GC and hardness were observed with nanofilled composite resin photoactivated... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The purpose of this study is to further investigate the effect of using six different light source types with different light output intensities on the parameters of a mathematical model that predicts the DOC in VLDC’s. In this equation: D = Dp In(E0/Ec), D is the depth of cure in millimeters, E is the curing energy in J/cm2, Ec is the critical curing energy for the composite to reach a gel layer, and Dp is a characteristic coefficient. Three LED and three halogen dental curing units with different light output intensities were used to cure three shades (B1, A3, D3) of a hybrid resin composite. The exposure duration was at the intervals of 10, 20, 30, and 40 seconds for each sample setting. ISO scraping technique was performed to measure the depth of cure of each sample. Regression analysis was used to assess the fit of the proposed mathematical model D = Dp In(E0/Ec) to the experimental data obtained in this study. 72 For all the shade-light combinations; A3, B1, and D3 had significantly different regression lines (P < 0.05) with significantly higher Dp and Ec for B1 than A3 and D3. The only exceptions were for the Ec values between B1 and D3 in Allegro, Astralis 5, and Visilux 2 groups; and the Ec between A3 and B1 in Allegro group. The Dp and Ec parameters didn’t show significant differences between A3 and D3 shades in all the groups. Also, most of the significant differences for Dp values occurred in the B1 shade-light combinations; however, none of the D3 shade-light combinations showed significant differences for Dp. Several factors play combined influential effects on the kinetics of polymerization and depth of cure in VLDC’s. The shade has a more dominant effect on both parameters Dp and Ec than the curing light type or source output intensity. As we cure lighter shades “B1,” the effect of using different lights with different output intensities on the two parameters Dp and Ec will be greater and more significant than for darker shades “A3 or D3.” The clinical significance drawn from this study is that clinicians should recognize that using curing lights w/ increased output intensities doesn’t absolutely increase the DOC of VLDC’s especially with the darker shades.

Background: The light-cured resin-based pit and fissure sealants success and longevity are enhanced by sufficient curing. Multiple emission peak Light Emitting Diode Light Curing Units offer a wider range of wavelengths and different levels of irradiances to ensure sufficient curing.The irradiance is considered a main curing factor that can affect the material properties. Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different settings of a multiwave LED LCU on the degree of conversion and microhardness of a pit and fissure sealant comparing the irradiance of 1000 mW/cm2 to 1400 mW/cm2 and 3200 mW/cm2 irradiances of the LCU using manufacturer’s guidelines for curing times at 2, 4 and, 6 mm distances. Methods: A multiwave LED light curing unit was evaluated on three different irradiance levels 1000 mW/cm2 (S), 1400 mW/cm2 (H), and 3200 mW/cm2 (X). A total of 90 samples made from the fissure sealant were fabricated and divided into eighteen groups (n=5/group). Samples were cured following manufacturer’s guidelines of curing times for each curing mode at 2, 4, or 6 mm distance between the light tip and top of samples. The DC was measured using (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The KHN test was performed on five different locations of each specimen using a hardness tester (Leco LM247AT, MI, USA, software; Confident V 2.5.2). Results: The top DC for H-8 was significantly higher than S-10 at 2 and 4mm, H-20 DC was significantly lower than S-30 at only 2mm. The bottom DC for H-8 was significantly higher than S-10 at 2mm only, H-20 DC was significantly lower than S-30 at 4 and 6mm only. H-8 KHN at top surface was significantly lower than S-10 at 2mm only, H-20 was significantly lower than S-30 at 2 and 6mm only. H-8 KHN at bottom surface was significantly lower than S-10 at 4 and 6mm but significantly higher at 2mm. H-20 was significantly lower than S-30 at 2mm but significantly higher at 4 and 6mm. The top DC for X-3 was significantly lower than S-10 at all curing distances with no significant difference at all curing distances between X-9 and S-30. The bottom DC for X-3 was significantly higher than S-10 at all curing distances with no significant difference between X-9 and S-30. X-3 KHN at top surface was significantly lower than S-10s at all curing distances. X-9 was significantly lower than S-30 at 6mm only. X-3 KHN at bottom surface was significantly lower than S-10 at 2 and 4mm only with no significant difference at all curing distances between X-9 and S-30. Conclusions: Using a multiwave LED LCU to polymerize Delton Opaque resin-based fissure sealants will result in an optimal DC and KHN values for any irradiance level if the curing distance is kept at 4 mm or less and with at least two cycles of the shortest curing time recommended by the manufacturer. Using a multiwave LED LCU with 1000, 1400 or 3200 mW/cm2 irradiance levels with shortest curing times recommended resulted in unsatisfactory DC and KHN levels. LED LCU with high and extra high irradiance levels (1400 and 3200 mW/cm2) can result in high DC and KHN levels when used adequately. Xtra Power mode (3200 mW/cm2) used on shortest curing time (3 seconds) resulted in significantly lower mechanical properties and for that reason it is not recommended to be used.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho, dividido em dois estudos, foi avaliar: (1) a influência dos tipos de ponteiras (fibra óptica e polímero) utilizadas em um aparelho fotoativador à base de LED (Ultrablue IS - DMC) sobre o grau de conversão e dureza de uma resina composta microhíbrida (FiltekTM Z250) e uma nanoparticulada (FiltekTM Supreme XT); e (2) a influência dos tipos de ponteiras (fibra óptica e polímero) utilizadas em um aparelho fotoativador à base de LED (Ultrablue IS - DMC) sobre a resistência à compressão de uma resina composta microhíbrida (FiltekTM Z250) e uma nanoparticulada (FiltekTM Supreme XT). No primeiro estudo, para os testes de grau de conversão (GC) e dureza, cinco corpos-de-prova com 4 mm de diâmetro e 2 mm de espessura (ISO 4049), foram confeccionados para cada grupo avaliado. O grau de conversão foi analisado pelo Espectrofotômetro Nexus - 470 FT-IR. Para o teste de dureza Vickers, os corpos-de-prova foram levados ao Durômetro Micromet 2100 (Buehler, EUA) onde foi utilizada uma carga de 50 gramas força (gf) e tempo de 30 segundos. Para cada corpo-de-prova oito medidas foram realizadas nas superfícies de topo e base. Os dados obtidos para o GC e dureza foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste de Análise de Variância (ANOVA) e Tukey. No segundo estudo, para o teste de resistência à compressão foram confeccionados oito corpos-de-prova com 8 mm de altura e 4 mm de diâmetro. O teste foi realizado na máquina de ensaio universal EMIC com célula de carga de 5 kN à velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste ANOVA e o teste Tamhane. Os resultados demonstraram que o GC e dureza foram influenciados pelas ponteiras, sendo a dureza também influenciada pelo tipo de resina composta utilizada. A resina composta microhíbrida fotoativada com a ponteira de fibra óptica apresentou maiores valores do GC e dureza... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this work, divided into two studies, was evaluate: (1) the influence of types of light guide tips (fiber optic and polymer) used in a photo-activation based on LED (Ultrablue IS - DMC) on the degree of conversion and hardness one microhybrid FiltekTM Z250 and one nanofilled FiltekTM Supreme XT composite resins; and (2) the influence of types of light guide tips (fiber optic and polymer) used in a photo-activation based on LED (Ultrablue IS - DMC) on the compressive strength of one microhybrid FiltekTM Z250 and one nanofilled FiltekTM Supreme XT composite resins. In the first study, to test the degree of conversion (GC) and hardness, five samples 4 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness (ISO 4049) were made for each group evaluated. The degree of conversion was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). For the Vickers hardness test, the samples were brought to the durometer Micromet 2100 (Buehler, USA) where was used a load of 50 gram force (gf) and time of 30 seconds. For each sample test measurements were performed eigth measures on the surfaces of top and bottom. The data obtained for the GC and hardness test were statistically analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test. In the second study to test the compressive strength eight samples (4 mm in diameter and 8 mm in thickness) were made for each group evaluated, and the test was conducted in a universal testing machine EMIC with load cell 5 kN and speed of 0,5 mm/min. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA test and Tamhane's test. The results showed that the GC and hardness were influenced by the light guide tip, and the hardness also influenced by the type of resin used. The microhybrid composite resin photo-activated with the fiber optic light tip had higher values of GC and hardness. The lowest values of GC and hardness were observed with nanofilled composite resin photoactivated... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Marcelo Ferrarezi de Andrade / Coorientador: Alessandro Nara de Souza Rastelli / Banca: Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona / Banca: José Roberto Cury Saad / Mestre