Disertační práce se zabývá proudovými konvejery CCII v proudovém modu s nízkým napájecím napětím. Potřeba velké rychlosti, vysokého výkonu a nízkého napájecího napětí pro mobilní elektroniku a komunikační systémy a potíže se současným stavem tlačí analogové návrháře k nalezení obvodové architektury a nové nízkopříkonové techniky. Je zde podrobně rozebrána technika složené kaskody a substrátu řízeného tranzistoru, která pomáhá produkci nízkopříkonových nízkovoltových obvodů. Dále jsou rozebrány a diskutovány základní funkční bloky, jako jsou proudová zrcadla, diferenční zesilovače a další, schopné pracovat při nízkých napájecích napětích. Jádrem práce je návrh konvejerů typu CCII s nízkým napájecím napětím. Jsou rozebrány jejich výhody a srovnání s konvenčními obvody. Princip a implementace operačního zesilovače založeného na proudovém konvejeru CCII je v práci navržen a popsán.

Conveyors are an integral part of modern devices. In this thesis, a slew of areas oscillators and function generators with current and voltage conveyors. Individual applications are categorized according involvement with conveyors and other elements. The functionality of the need for involvement in the program PSpice simulation. As a current conveyor is used OPA861, EL2082, further use of RC circuits and opto-CNY 17.

<p>Normally the operational amplifier is used as a component in active filter design. The goal for future components in filter design is large bandwith and the use of low supply voltages. The use of current-mode instead of voltage-mode circuits gets a step closer to the required performance. A component that use current as the signal conveying part is the current conveyor. In this report a comparative study between two current conveyor structures of second generation (CCII) is performed. The most suited is later implemented and simulated using the CMOS process AMS.C035. The component is also tested in a continuous-time elliptic low-pass filter of leapfrog type. The filter does not behave as it should. However, better performance can be obtained by redesigning the current conveyor.</p>

<p>A current conveyor is an active building block that can be used to implement most active and passive components. It differs from the operation amplifier in that it uses current instead of voltage. The current conveyor also has significantly higher voltage gain over a broader frequency range. </p><p>To simplify the construction of analogue circuits and increase the construction efficiency it is desirable to use a top-down methodology. This means that the whole system is partitioned into a hierarchy of subsystems. The behavioural description of the whole systems is then partitioned into behavioural descriptions for each subsystem. Such a methodology has been examined through propagation of application level specifications down to a current conveyor. </p><p>This work has been realised through modelling the current conveyor with a linear macro model. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the functionality of the current conveyor and the possibility to use a top-down methodology in construction. Since the linear macro model played a central role, it was necessary to validate that it was sufficiently accurate in comparison to transistor level simulations. This was realized through calculation of behavioural specifications and then transferred to the linear macro model. A method for calculation of component values in the linear macro model on the basis on specifications for an amplifier has been proposed as well as implemented. </p><p>The work shows that the linear macro model is sufficiently accurate in modelling circuit topologies of current conveyors to be useable in top-down methodology. The proposed method for calculation of component values in the linear macro model works well. The drawback is that it is only applicable on the current conveyor as an amplifier. An attempt was made to implement a method for the current conveyor as an integrator. But the lack of defined behavioural descriptions for the integrator led to an unsolvable equation system.</p>

Normally the operational amplifier is used as a component in active filter design. The goal for future components in filter design is large bandwith and the use of low supply voltages. The use of current-mode instead of voltage-mode circuits gets a step closer to the required performance. A component that use current as the signal conveying part is the current conveyor. In this report a comparative study between two current conveyor structures of second generation (CCII) is performed. The most suited is later implemented and simulated using the CMOS process AMS.C035. The component is also tested in a continuous-time elliptic low-pass filter of leapfrog type. The filter does not behave as it should. However, better performance can be obtained by redesigning the current conveyor.

A current conveyor is an active building block that can be used to implement most active and passive components. It differs from the operation amplifier in that it uses current instead of voltage. The current conveyor also has significantly higher voltage gain over a broader frequency range. To simplify the construction of analogue circuits and increase the construction efficiency it is desirable to use a top-down methodology. This means that the whole system is partitioned into a hierarchy of subsystems. The behavioural description of the whole systems is then partitioned into behavioural descriptions for each subsystem. Such a methodology has been examined through propagation of application level specifications down to a current conveyor. This work has been realised through modelling the current conveyor with a linear macro model. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the functionality of the current conveyor and the possibility to use a top-down methodology in construction. Since the linear macro model played a central role, it was necessary to validate that it was sufficiently accurate in comparison to transistor level simulations. This was realized through calculation of behavioural specifications and then transferred to the linear macro model. A method for calculation of component values in the linear macro model on the basis on specifications for an amplifier has been proposed as well as implemented. The work shows that the linear macro model is sufficiently accurate in modelling circuit topologies of current conveyors to be useable in top-down methodology. The proposed method for calculation of component values in the linear macro model works well. The drawback is that it is only applicable on the current conveyor as an amplifier. An attempt was made to implement a method for the current conveyor as an integrator. But the lack of defined behavioural descriptions for the integrator led to an unsolvable equation system.

Master’s thesis deals with design of rail-to-rail second generation current conveyor in CMOS technology. Describes principles of function of different generations of current conveyors, as well as the basic principle of design of second generation current conveyor based on operational amplifier. Addresses circuit topology of input rail-to-rail stage and class AB output stage. The objective of this thesis is to design, characterize performance and create layout of second generation current conveyor with input common mode voltage rail-to-rail capability in ONSemi I3T25 technology.

The aim of the thesis is to get acquainted with the principle and function of functional generators. Furthermore, with their design using active elements that can be electronically controlled. The design and simulation results are presented in Chapter 4, which also shows schematics of simulated and measured circuits.

The aim of the thesis is to get acquainted with the principle and function of functional generators. Furthermore, with their design using active elements that can be electronically controlled. The design and simulation results are presented in Chapter 4, which also shows schematics of simulated and measured circuits.

This master´s thesis on theme Modeling of the unconventional functional blocks in Pspice deals with the design procedures of electronic elements models and should to help with their create. At the beginning the thesis theoretically describes how the models are created and what possibilities for modeling the program Pspice offers. There are drawn near the individual levels of model and their properties. The second main part of thesis shows practically step by step the design procedures of models of the operational amplifier, current and voltage conveyors, OTA, CDTA, immittance inverter and converter and logarithmic amplifier. There are created the models up to 4.th level, the ideal, resistive, frequency dependent and nonlinear. The basic transmission properties, input and output impedance are modeled this way. The created models with sufficient accuracy correspond to the parameters of the commercial elements. This thesis such shows the possibilities of the program for finding of values for model components like stepping or Optimizer tool.