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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Élaboration de protéines fluorescentes ayant un fort potentiel en imagerie / Development of fluorescent proteins with a high imaging potential

Fredj, Asma 26 October 2012 (has links)
La Enhanced Cyan Fluorescent Protein (ECFP) est un variant spectral de la Green Fluorescent Protein extraite de la méduse Aequaria Victoria (GFPav). La ECFP, émettant dans le cyan, est un des donneurs les plus utilisés dans les études de transfert résonnant d’énergie d’excitation et est integré dans de nombreuses constructions de biosenseurs. Pourtant, elle souffre de nombreux inconvenients. Notamment elle pésente des propriétés photophysiques complexes et une forte sensibilité environnementale qui sont des freins à une interprétation quantitative de ses signaux de fluorescence en imagerie cellulaire. Notre objectif vise à mettre au point, grâce à l’introduction d’un minimum de mutations, un dérivé de la ECFP présentant des propriétés d’émission simplifiées et performantes ainsi qu’une faible sensibilité environementale. Des mutations ont été introduites, par mutagenèse dirigée, à deux positions clefs de la séquence peptidique de la ECFP ce qui a permis de générer des dérivés présentant des propriétés photophysiques et une sensibilité au pH modulées. En particulier, nous avons réussit à générer une protéine fluorescente, l’Aquamarine, aux propriétés photophysiques quasi-idéales caractérisée par un rendement quantique de l’ordre de 0,9 et des déclins d'émission de fluorescence quasi-monexponentiels. Elle présente également une sensibilité au pH fortement réduite avec un pH de demi-transition acide de 3,3.Ce manuscrit présente l’étude détaillée des propriétés d’émission de fluorescence des diverses protéines générées. Plusieurs paramètres présentant un intérêt particulièrement important pour une utilisation adéquate en imagerie de fluorescence ont été évalués. Outre la sensibilité au pH établie sur une large gamme de pH (2,5-11), une attention particulière a été portée sur les performances photophysiques (monoexponentialité du déclin d'émission de fluorescence, durée de vie moyenne, rendement quantique, brillance,…) de ces dérivés. De plus, grâce à des expériences de dichroïsme circulaire, des informations sur les changements structuraux, dont ces dérivés sont le siège à pH très acide, ont été obtenues. Enfin, l’examen détaillé des données spectroscopiques stationnaires et résolues en temps a permis de mettre en lumière l’existence de plusieurs espèces émissives contribuant à la photophysique de ces protéines et à l’origine de leur transition acide. L’ensemble de ces résultats constitue une première approche pour une meilleure compréhension de la relation structure-photophysique-dynamique de la ECFP et de ces dérivés. / The Enhanced Cyan Fluorescent Protein (ECFP) is a variant of Green Fluorescent Protein extracted from the jellyfish Aequaria Victoria (GFPav). The ECFP, emitting in the cyan, is one of the most donors used in studies of resonant transfer excitation energy and is integrated in many constructions of biosensors. However, it suffers from several drawbacks. In particular, it presents a complex photophysical properties and high environmental sensitivity that are obstacles to its quantitative interpretation of fluorescence signals in cellular imaging. Our goal is to develop, through the introduction of minimum mutations, a derivative of the ECFP with simplified emission properties and low environmental sensitivity.Mutations were introduced by site-directed mutagenesis, into two positions in the peptide sequence of ECFP which helped to generate derivatives with modulated photophysical properties and low pH sensitivity. In particular, we have managed to generate a fluorescent protein, Aquamarine, with almost ideal photophysical properties characterized by a quantum yield of about 0.9 and pure single exponential fluorescence decay. It also has a greatly reduced sensitivity to the pH with half transition point near 3.3.This manuscript presents a detailed study of fluorescence properties of various proteins generated. Several parameters for proper use in fluorescence imaging were evaluated. In addition to the pH sensitivity based on a wide range of pH (2.5 to 11), particular attention was paid to the photophysical performance (simpler fluorescence emission decay, average lifetime, quantum yield, brightness, ...) of these derivatives. In addition, we studied structural changes on these derivatives at acidic pH by circular dichroism. Finally, a detailed examination of the steady state fluorescence and time-resolved fluorescence helped to highlight the existence of several emissive species contributing to the photophysics of these proteins and the origin of their acid transition. These results constitute a first approach to a better understanding of the structure-photophysical dynamics of ECFP-and these derivatives
2

Élaboration de protéines fluorescentes ayant un fort potentiel en imagerie

Fredj, Asma 26 October 2012 (has links) (PDF)
La Enhanced Cyan Fluorescent Protein (ECFP) est un variant spectral de la Green Fluorescent Protein extraite de la méduse Aequaria Victoria (GFPav). La ECFP, émettant dans le cyan, est un des donneurs les plus utilisés dans les études de transfert résonnant d'énergie d'excitation et est integré dans de nombreuses constructions de biosenseurs. Pourtant, elle souffre de nombreux inconvenients. Notamment elle pésente des propriétés photophysiques complexes et une forte sensibilité environnementale qui sont des freins à une interprétation quantitative de ses signaux de fluorescence en imagerie cellulaire. Notre objectif vise à mettre au point, grâce à l'introduction d'un minimum de mutations, un dérivé de la ECFP présentant des propriétés d'émission simplifiées et performantes ainsi qu'une faible sensibilité environementale. Des mutations ont été introduites, par mutagenèse dirigée, à deux positions clefs de la séquence peptidique de la ECFP ce qui a permis de générer des dérivés présentant des propriétés photophysiques et une sensibilité au pH modulées. En particulier, nous avons réussit à générer une protéine fluorescente, l'Aquamarine, aux propriétés photophysiques quasi-idéales caractérisée par un rendement quantique de l'ordre de 0,9 et des déclins d'émission de fluorescence quasi-monexponentiels. Elle présente également une sensibilité au pH fortement réduite avec un pH de demi-transition acide de 3,3.Ce manuscrit présente l'étude détaillée des propriétés d'émission de fluorescence des diverses protéines générées. Plusieurs paramètres présentant un intérêt particulièrement important pour une utilisation adéquate en imagerie de fluorescence ont été évalués. Outre la sensibilité au pH établie sur une large gamme de pH (2,5-11), une attention particulière a été portée sur les performances photophysiques (monoexponentialité du déclin d'émission de fluorescence, durée de vie moyenne, rendement quantique, brillance,...) de ces dérivés. De plus, grâce à des expériences de dichroïsme circulaire, des informations sur les changements structuraux, dont ces dérivés sont le siège à pH très acide, ont été obtenues. Enfin, l'examen détaillé des données spectroscopiques stationnaires et résolues en temps a permis de mettre en lumière l'existence de plusieurs espèces émissives contribuant à la photophysique de ces protéines et à l'origine de leur transition acide. L'ensemble de ces résultats constitue une première approche pour une meilleure compréhension de la relation structure-photophysique-dynamique de la ECFP et de ces dérivés.
3

Thermodynamics of λ-PCR Primer Design and Effective Ribosome Binding Sites

Berg, Emily Katherine 07 June 2019 (has links)
Recombinant DNA technology has been commonly used in a number of fields to synthesize new products or generate products with a new pathway. Conventional cloning methods are expensive and require significant time and labor; λ-PCR, a new cloning method developed in the Senger lab, has a number of advantages compared to other cloning processes due to its employment of relatively inexpensive and widely available materials and time-efficiency. While the amount of lab work required for the cloning process is minimal, the importance of accurate primer design cannot be overstated. The target of this study was to create an effective procedure for λ-PCR primer design that ensures accurate cloning reactions. Additionally, synthetic ribosome binding sites (RBS) were included in the primer designs to test heterologous protein expression of the cyan fluorescent reporter with different RBS strengths. These RBS sequences were designed with an online tool, the RBS Calculator. A chimeric primer design procedure for λ-PCR was developed and shown to effectively create primers used for accurate cloning with λ-PCR; this method was used to design primers for CFP cloning in addition to two enzymes cloned in the Senger lab. A total of five strains of BL21(DE3) with pET28a + CFP were constructed, each with the same cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) reporter but different RBS sequences located directly upstream of the start codon of the CFP gene. Expression of the protein was measured using both whole-cell and cell-free systems to determine which system yields higher protein concentrations. A number of other factors were tested to optimize conditions for high protein expression, including: induction time, IPTG concentration, temperature, and media (for the cell-free experiments only). Additionally, expression for each synthetic RBS sequence was investigated to determine an accurate method for predicting protein translation. NUPACK and the Salis Lab RBS Calculator were both used to evaluate the effects of these different synthetic RBS sequences. The results of the plate reader experiments with the 5 CFP strains revealed a number of factors to be statistically significant when predicting protein expression, including: IPTG concentration, induction time, and in the cell-free experiments, type of media. The whole-cell system consistently produced higher amounts of protein than the cell-free system. Lastly, contrasts between the CFP strains showed each strain's performance did not match the predictions from the RBS Calculator. Consequently, a new method for improving protein expression with synthetic RBS sequences was developed using relationships between Gibbs free energy of the RBS-rRNA complex and expression levels obtained through experimentation. Additionally, secondary structure present at the RBS in the mRNA transcript was modeled with strain expression since these structures cause deviations in the relationship between Gibbs free energy of the mRNA-rRNA complex and CFP expression. / Master of Science / Recombinant DNA technology has been used to genetically enhance organisms to produce greater amounts of a product already made by the organism or to make an organism synthesize a new product. Genes are commonly modified in organisms using cloning practices which typically involves inserting a target gene into a plasmid and transforming the plasmid into the organism of interest. A new cloning process developed in the Senger lab, λ-PCR, improves the cloning process compared to other methods due to its use of relatively inexpensive materials and high efficiency. A primary goal of this study was to develop a procedure for λ-PCR primer design that allows for accurate use of the cloning method. Additionally, this study investigated the use of synthetic ribosome binding sites to control and improve expression of proteins cloned into an organism. Ribosome binding sites are sequences located upstream of the gene that increase the molecule’s affinity for the rRNA sequence on the ribosome, bind to the ribosome just upstream of the beginning of the gene, and initiate expression of the gene. Tools have been developed that create synthetic ribosome binding sites designed to produce specific amounts of protein. For example, the tools can increase or decrease expression of a gene depending on the application. These tools, the Salis Lab RBS Calculator and NUPACK, were used to design and evaluate the effects of the synthetic ribosome binding sites. Additionally, a new method was created to design synthetic ribosome binding sites since the methods used during the design process yielded inaccuracies. Each strain of E. coli contained the same gene, a cyan fluorescent protein (CFP), but had different RBS sequences located upstream of the gene. Expression of CFP was controlled via induction, meaning the addition of a particular molecule, IPTG in this system, triggered expression of CFP. Each of the CFP strains were tested with a variety of v conditions in order to find the conditions most suitable for protein expression; the variables tested include: induction time, IPTG (inducer) concentration, and temperature. Media was also tested for the cell-free systems, meaning the strains were grown overnight for 18 hours and lysed, a process where the cell membrane is broken in order to utilize the cell’s components for protein expression; the cell lysate was resuspended in new media for the experiments. ANOVA and multiple linear regression revealed IPTG concentration, induction time, and media to be significant factors impacting protein expression. This analysis also showed each CFP strain did not perform as the RBS Calculator predicted. Modeling each strain’s CFP expression using the RBS-rRNA binding strengths and secondary structures present in the RBS allowed for the creation of a new model for predicting and designing RBS sequences.
4

Small molecule signaling and detection systems in protists and bacteria

Rajamani, Sathish 13 September 2006 (has links)
No description available.

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