The chronology of the Aegean Late Bronze Age is a vigorously contested area of archaeological study, with "high" and "low" schemes emerging over the last three decades. The chronological lynchpin for this period is the catastrophic eruption of Thera (Santorini), at a point in the mature Late Minoan (LM) I A ceramic period. Two possible calendrical ranges for this eruption have emerged: c. 1540 - 1500 BC, and c. 1645 - 1628 BC. The latter first gained currency in the 1970s, and the controversy focuses on which range is more probable. This thesis examines the chronology of the Late Minoan (LM), Late Cycladic (L Cyc), Late Helladic (LH) and Late Cypriot (LC) periods in detail and their various relationships with the eruption. Because archaeological methods of dating these sequences, which traditionally place the eruption within the later range, are fluid and open to re-interpretation (in favour of the earlier range), the calendrical date of the eruption is of crucial importance. The scientific arguments, which tend to favour the earlier range, are analysed alongside the archaeological arguments. Finally, the effects of the eruption, and their implications for chronology, are considered. A comprehensive catalogue detailing of all Thera's volcanic deposits from around the region is presented, as is a Geographical Information Systems (GIS) spatial analysis of these deposits which suggests that the volume of the eruption may have been up to five times previous estimates, and almost double the largest previous estimate. In conjunction with this study, a reappraisal of the eruptive rate and intensity of the Minoan event using mathematical differential analysis is presented, to provide an integrated investigation of its impact. It is concluded a) that the eruption was far larger than previous thought, and that b) a calendrical date for the eruption between c. 1540 - 1500 BC is more probable than a date between 1645 - 1628 BC.

The island of Naxos, which lies in the central-southern Aegean Sea, is part of the Attic Cycladic Massif. This, a group of islands, containing metamorphic complexes polymetamorphosed during the Tertiary, forms an arcuate belt between mainland Greece and Turkey. The present-day tectonic setting of this area is one of convergence between Africa and Europe, via a subduction zone situated to the south of the Attic Cycladic Massif. The back-arc region of this subduction zone is undergoing present-day extension. This study investigates the nature of Barrovian metamorphism on Naxos, and its relationship to the timing of compressional and extensional tectonics in the Attic Cycladic Massif. The earliest Tertiary phase of metamorphism is a blueschist event of Eocene age (M1), which is variably overprinted by an Oligo-Miocene (M2) metamorphism of Barrovian character. The M2 event is most strongly developed on Naxos, where it resulted in upper amphibolite facies metamorphism and associated partial melting. The high grade core of the metamorphic complex is divided into a Lower Series of meta-pelites and meta-carbonates, and a structurally underlying core of leucogneisses. The syn- to post- M2 structural evolution of the metamorphic complex is interpreted as resulting from a continuum of northerly-directed non-coaxial deformation. The earliest structures (D<SUB>1</SUB>), occur as NNE-SSW trending meso- and macro-scale recumbent isoclinal folds, which deform a series of pre-M2 (Hercynian?) granitic gneisses in the leucogneiss core. The exhumation of the metamorphic complex is characterised by the development and re-working of non-coaxial protomylonitic fabrics formed under successively lower grade metamorphic conditions. This non-coaxial deformation, termed D<SUB>2</SUB>, is interpreted as having occurred during low-angle ductile extension of the metamorphic complex. During the latter stages of D<SUB>2</SUB> deformation, northwards-directed non-coaxial extension was accompanied by a component of W-E-directed sub-horizontal compression (D<SUB>3</SUB>), possibly related to large-scale rotation of the terminations of the originally rectilinear arc-system. The textural evolution of meta-pelite assemblages is related to divariant continuous equilibria in the simplified system KFMASH and to univariant equilibria in the system KTiFMASH, as appropriate for different bulk rock compositions. The mineral textures and inclusion relationships observed constrain the prograde M2 path as being one of heating and decompression, during which reaction products were continuously incorporated into the sub-horizontal composite foliation. Estimates of physical conditions during M2 metamorphism, made through garnet-biotite Fe-Mg geothermometry and the approach of internally consistent datasets, indicates (P, T,) conditions of ≈ (6-7±2 kbar, 560-660±50 deg. C) in the Lower Series, and ≈ (7-8±2 kbar, 640-690±50 deg. C) in the leucogneiss core. Geothermobarometry of zoned assemblages in meta-pelites from the leucogneiss core indicates a prograde P-T path of heating (60-100 deg. C) and decompression (1-3 kbar). (P, T) estimates and petrogenetic grids constrain equilibrium fluid compositions to be water-rich. Strontium isotopic studies suggest that anatexis in the leucogneiss core is not simply the result of large-scale partial melting of meta-pelites. Incipient anatexis on the margin of the leucogneiss core occurred by water-saturated melting of meta-pelites, whereas melting in the leucogneiss core occurred dominantly by re-melting of Models relating the exhumation of the metamorphic complex on Naxos to extensional shear zones of the type proposed for 'metamorphic core complexes' in the Basin and Range Province of North America are discussed. It is suggested that M2 ultrametamorphism on Naxos occurred in an island-arc setting, as the result of the emplacement of a basic intrusion below the present-day erosional surface. Ductile extension began before the M2 peak, possibly because of the southerly migration ('roll back') of the subduction zone to its present-day position.

Inaug.-Diss.--Halle-Wittenberg. / Cover title. Lebenslauf. Literatur: p. [9]-10.

Zugl.: Univ. of Sydney, Diss. / Includes bibliographical references and index.

Doctoral diss.--Göteborg, 1994.

Cette étude analyse ce que fut la vie des sociétés insulaires égéennes au moment de l'hégémonie romaine et tente d'interpréter le rôle historique des Cyclades au sein de l'Empire romain (Ier s. av. J.-C.-IIIe s. ap. J.-C.). L'examen des transformations politiques, économiques et sociales des cités insulaires permet entre autres de déterminer si les nouvelles conditions instaurées en Égée par le pouvoir impérial romain ont créé une rupture dans leur fonctionnement - notamment par rapport à la basse époque hellénistique - ou si les données insulaires sont restées les mêmes, s'inscrivant dans une continuité reconnaissable par l'historien et dans la « longue durée». Le déclin des îles dont parlent toutes les sources littéraires, tout comme la « renaissance» présumée du Ile s. ap. J.-C., sont ici analysés et nuancés.L'un des enjeux est d'évaluer si l'insularité a été un facteur déterminant dans l'histoire des Cyclades impériales et a créé des modèles sociaux et économiques différents; ou au contraire, si l'Archipel a été totalement intégré, au même titre que les autres régions et provinces, dans le vaste Empire romain, dont on s'attache généralement à souligner la volonté unificatrice. Cette thèse d'histoire spatialement localisée montre toute la pertinence et toute la richesse d'une étude régionale pour le monde grec antique. Le matériel épigraphique et archéologique permet d'appréhender dans sa globalité une société méditerranéenne, pendant plus de trois siècles, et de modéliser un fonctionnement régional (ou micro-régional) à l'intérieur d'un vaste empire, dans un contexte historique et politique précis. / The presents thesis describes life in the island societies of the Aegean during the Roman hegemony, and interprets the historical role of the Cyclades within the Roman Empire (1st c. BC-3rd c. AD). The new conditions established by the Roman imperial state could have resulted in a collapse of the socio-political organization of the Late Hellenistic period. However, it is also possible that the islands conditions remained the same, assuring historical continuity and falling within a "long-term” history. The aim of this research is to provide an answer through a thorough investigation of all political, economic, and social transformations of the islands' poleis (rroÀElç). In this framework, the economic decline attested in multiple written sources, as well as the presumed "renaissance" of the 2nd c. AD, are analyzed.Another aspect of this study is related to the influence of insularity upon the history of imperial Cyclades. It is possible that isolation was determinant, resulting in alternative social and economic models. On the contrary, the Archipelago may have been extensively integrated in the same way as all other regions and provinces of the Roman Empire, whose unifying strategy is usually widely underlined.The present thesis is a spatially localized historical research that shows all the relevance of a regional study regarding the Ancient Greek world. The combines analysis of archaeological and epigraphic material allows a deep understanding of a Mediterranean society, covering a period of more than three centuries. Finally, this research establishes a model for a regional (or micro-regional) functioning within a vast Empire, relying on a precise historical and political context.

Texte remanié de : Thesis : ? : University of Sydney : ? / Bibliogr. p. [227]-246. Index.

Given the long history of research within the Aegean, the Middle Bronze Age (MBA) of the Cyclades is surprisingly poorly understood. This region is often considered within the context of other ‘worlds’, particularly in the quest to understand ‘Minoanisation’. Prominent Middle Cycladic sites such as Ayia Irini (Kea), Phylakopi (Melos) and Akrotiri (Thera) have played a dominant role towards informing the perceived Cycladic ‘response’ to growing Minoan influence within the Aegean sphere, often at the expense of considering the interactions between these important settlements. However, the recent 2000-2001 pillar pit excavations at Akrotiri have allowed a whole new phasing for the MBA ceramic deposits and offer great potential for characterising these neglected interactions. The ceramic material studied here, from Phases B and C of the MBA assemblage at Akrotiri, corresponds to the introduction of imported and ‘Minoanised’ material traits, both compositional and technological, to the local ceramic repertoire. This material is contextualised within previous research in the Cyclades, including Phylakopi, Ayia Irini and Mikre Vigla. Scale is considered an important theme and provides a key structure throughout this thesis. Three scales were defined for considering all aspects of the ceramic assemblage at Akrotiri: a) the potters at Akrotiri, the technological choices they make, the social practices they participate in and perpetuate and the character of the local ceramic production sequence (the micro-scale of individuals); b) the character and significance of the Akrotiri ceramic assemblage within the Cyclades (the meso-scale of group interaction); c) the role that Akrotiri played as a node within larger social and exchange networks throughout the Aegean (the macro-scale of community interactions). From a theoretical standpoint, four explanatory frameworks are employed to tackle and integrate these various scales: the chaîne opératoire, dynamic systems framework, network theory and communities of practice. In combination, these frameworks have the potential to bridge the structure-agency divide, by acknowledging the fundamentally social nature of artefact production and consumption, and to integrate recent considerations of human and non-human agency within dynamic processes. Ultimately, by considering the socially constituted processes that drive the learning and practice of a craft or technique, and how these processes contribute to and perpetuate communities of practice, archaeologists can begin to meaningfully characterise the contact between different groups of people in the past. Therefore, this technological study of the late Middle Cycladic ceramic assemblage of Akrotiri, integrates macroscopic, petrographic and QEMSCAN analyses to characterise and explore the interactions within and between the many communities of practice operating within the late MBA Cyclades. In addition, this methodology allows a better understanding of the choices the communities in the Cyclades were making in the lead up to ‘Minoanisation’ so we can approach these material phenomena from a more localised, site-based perspective rather than a traditional Creto-centric viewpoint.

Communicatio in sacris est l’expression par laquelle l’Église de Rome a cherché à définir et discipliner toute forme de participation d’un catholique aux célébrations liturgiques et aux sacrements d’un culte non catholique. Durant les XVIIe et XVIIIe siècle, cette pratique était particulièrement répandue dans la Méditerranée orientale – à cause de la coexistence traditionnelle entre Grecs et Latins – et dans l’Empire ottoman et ses environs, à la suite des succès des missionnaires dans la conversion des communautés chrétiennes locales. Ce travail a pour but d’utiliser les pratiques concrètes comprises sous cette étiquette comme point de départ et clé interprétative pour une réflexion plus approfondie sur le processus de construction des identités confessionnelles au Levant à l’époque moderne. En plus d’étudier le débat théorique (théologico-canonique) sur la question, notre intérêt porte principalement sur la reconstruction des différents contextes sociaux, politiques et religieux qui rendaient inévitable la communicatio. La relation entre «catholique latins» et «grec-orthodoxes» est analysée dans les cas de l’archipel égéen des Cyclades et dans les îles ioniennes soumises à la domination de Venise. Les affrontements entre les orientaux convertis au catholicisme et ceux restés fidèles à leur Église sont pris en considération en étudiant les communautés arméniennes de Constantinople et de l’Anatolie orientale. L'analyse repose sur un vaste éventail de sources, particulièrement sur un dépouillement des cas de communicatio présents dans les archives du Saint-Office et de la Propagande, aussi bien que sur la documentation produite par le réseau consulaire français. / Communicatio in sacris is the expression employed by the Roman Church to define (and simultaneously restrict) all kind of participation of a Catholic to the liturgical celebrations and sacraments of a non-Catholic worship. During the 17th and 18th century, this practice was particularly widespread in the Eastern Mediterranean and in the Ottoman Empire, because of the traditional coexistence between Greeks and Latins but also as a result of the success of the missionaries in the conversion of Eastern Christians settled there. My work aims at using the concrete practices included under this label as a starting point and as an interpretive key for a deeper reflection on the process of confession building in the Early Modern Levant. In addition to the study of the theoretical (theological-canonical) debate on the issue, the thesis focuses mainly on the reconstruction of the different social, political and religious contexts that produced the communicatio and made it «necessary». The relationship between «Latin Catholics» and «Greek-Orthodox» is examined both for the case of the Aegean Cyclades and of the Ionian islands subject to the domination of Venice; the clashes between the Oriental Christians who converted to Catholicism and those who remained faithful to their Church are instead considered through the study of the Armenian communities of Constantinople and Eastern Anatolia. The overall analysis is based on a wide range of sources, particularly on the inventory of the cases of communicatio found in the archives of the Holy Office and of Propaganda, as well as on the documentation produced by the French consular networks.

Dissertation--Fachbereich Geowissenschaften--Mainz--Johannes Gutenberg Universität, 2004. Thèse de doctorat--Terre solide, géodynamique--Montpellier II, 2004. / Mention parallèle de titre ou de responsabilité : Contraindre l'évolution tectonique des systèmes de faille extensive dans les Cyclades (Grèce) en utilisant la thermochronologie de basse température. Thèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Bibliogr. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre.