No description available.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1998. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 99 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-99).

L’objectif de ce projet a été d’explorer les limites et les possibilités d’une réaction tandem photochimique, composée d’une cycloaddition [2+2] entre des cyclopentenones et des alcènes, suivie d’une Norrish I/transfert du γ-hydrogen si l’adduit bicyclique se forme.En utilisant des procédures de la littérature, une petite bibliothèque de cyclopentenones fut préparée. Le developpement de méthodes permettant l’accès à des cyclopentenones substituées, par des réactions d’aldolisation organocatalysées, fut explorée sans succès.Des études photochimiques menées sur une selection de cyclopentenones et d’alcènes ont montré qu’ils pouvaient réagir ensemble pour fournir des cyclobutène aldehydes avec des moyens à bons rendements. Les conditions réactionnelles furent optimisées pour la formation de ce composé et quelques unes des limites en termes de susbtrat furent déterminées. Dans certains cas, un problème de régiosélectivité de la réaction de Norrish I furent constatés. Durant le cette étude, il fut découvert que certains de ces cyclobutène aldéhydes pouvaient eux-mêmes réagir photochimiquement par une réaction de Paternò–Büchi intramoléculaire pour mener à des oxétanes tricycliques totalement inédits. Ceci représente une séquence one-pot de trois réactions photochimiques entre la cyclopentenone de départ et l’alcène. Les conditions opératoires furent optimisées pour cette transformation et plusieurs exemples furent préparés. La structure centrale tricyclique fut étudiée en détail, en solution et dans l’état solide, montrant que la formation de ces oxétanes était hautement diastéréoselective dans certains exemples. Certaines limitations, découlant de gène stérique et/ou l’utilisation d’alcènes électroniquement riches, constituent une limite à la portée de cette réaction. / The aim of this project was to explore the scope and limitations of a tandem photochemical process, consisting of a [2+2] cycloaddition between cyclopentenones and alkenes followed by a Norrish I/γ-hydrogen transfer reaction if the initial bicyclic adduct is formed. Using standard synthetic procedures, a small library of cyclopentenone substrates was prepared. The development of new methods to access substituted cyclopentenones, using organocatalyzed aldolisation conditions, was considered; however, these efforts were unfruitful.The photochemical studies showed that a selection of cyclopentenones and alkenes could react together to furnish cyclobutene aldehydes with average to good yields. The reaction conditions were optimized for the formation of this specific compound type, and some of the limitations as regards substrate diversity were determined. In some cases, control of the regioselectivity of the Norrish-I process was problematic.In course of the study, it was discovered that some of these cyclobutene aldehydes could themselves react photochemically, via an intramolecular Paternò–Büchi reaction, to form hitherto unknown tricyclic oxetanes. This constitutes a one-pot triple photochemical reaction sequence between the starting cyclopenenones and alkenes. Conditions were optimized for this transformation and several examples prepared. The tricyclic core structure was studied in detail, in both solution and the solid state, revealing that the formation had been highly diastereoselective in some examples. Some limitations, arising from steric hindrance and/or use of electron rich alkenes, constituted a limitation of the scope of the process. / Questo progetto ѐ nato con l’obiettivo di sviluppare un processo tandem fotochimico, costituito da una cicloaddizione [2+2] tra olefine e substrati ciclopentenonici, seguita da una reazione di Norrish-I / trasferimento di γ-idrogeno sul prodotto biciclico ottenuto. Usando procedure standard, ѐ stata preparata una libreria di substrati ciclopentenonici da testare in questo processo. Lo studio di nuove metodologie organocatalitiche per la sintesi di tali substrati ѐ stato inoltre intrapreso, sfortunatamente senza buoni risultati.Lo studio di questo processo ha mostrato come una serie di ciclopentenoni sia effettivamente in grado di reagire con doppi legami olefinici, portando alla formazione di derivati aldeidici ciclobutenici, con discrete o buone rese. Le condizioni di reazione sono state ottimizzate per la formazione di questa classe di composti, e alcune limitazioni relative alla struttura del substrato sono emerse da questi studi. In alcuni casi, infatti, il controllo della regioselettività della reazione di Norrish-I si ѐ rivelato problematico.Durante tale studio, ѐ apparso che alcune delle aldeidi ciclobuteniche ottenute si sono rivelate in grado di reagire ulteriormente in condizioni fotochimiche, attraverso una reazione di Paternò–Büchi intramolecolare, portando alla formazione di ossetani triciclici finora sconosciuti. Ciò costituisce in ultima analisi un triplo processo fotochimico one-pot a partire da ciclopentenoni e alcheni. Anche le condizioni di reazione per questa sequenza sono state ottimizzate e alcuni esempi sono stati preparati e isolati. La struttura triciclica di questi nuovi composti e stata caratterizzata nel dettaglio, sia in soluzione che allo stato solido, rivelando un’elevata diastereoselettività in diversi casi. La presenza di gruppi stericamente ingombranti, o l’uso di olefine elettronricche, si sono dimostrati tuttavia una limitazione alla sintesi di queste interessanti strutture.

The thesis entitled “Total synthesis of bio-active natural products microcarpalide, synargentolide A, jaspine B and anamarine.” demonstrates the utility of chiral pool tartaric acid as the source in the synthesis of bio-active natural products. The thesis was divided into four sections. Section I of the thesis deals with the enantiodivergent synthesis of microcarpalide from tartaric acid. Microcarpalide is a 10-membered lactone of polyketide origin isolated from the fermentation broths of an unidentified endophytic fungi, found to be weekly cytotoxic to mammalian cells and acts as a microfilament discrupting agent. Stereoselective approach for the synthesis of ()-microcarpalide is described from D- and L-tartaric acids, while enantiodivergent approach for the synthesis of both enantiomers is described from L-tartaric acid using ring closing metathesis as the Scheme 2: Enantiodivergent total synthesis of microcarpalide. In section II of the thesis, stereoselective synthesis of synargentolide A is described. Synargentolide A is a polyhydroxy -lactone, isolated from Syncolostemon argenteus, which was founf to exhibit cytotoxic and antitumor properties. Stereoselective synthesis of synargentolide A was accomplished, starting from L-tartaric acid employing, Keck and Brown allylations and ring closing metathesis, as the key steps. Scheme 3: Stereoselective total synthesis of ()-synargentolide A. Section III of the thesis deals with the synthesis of ()-jaspine B. Pachastrissamine (jaspine B), is an anhydrophytoshingosine derivative, isolated from marine sponges Pachastrissa and Jaspis speces. Pachastrissamine was shown to exhibit cytotoxicity (IC 50 0.01 g/mL) against P388, A549, HT29, and MEL28 cell lines. Enantioselective synthesis of jaspine B is accomplished from L-tartaric acid employing, Keck allylation, acid mediated formation of tetrahydrofuran, and olefin cross metathesis as the key reactions. In section IV of the thesis, enantioselective synthesis of ()-anamarine is described. Anamarine is a polyhydroxy -lactone isolated from the flowers and leaves of Peruvian hyptis, possessing cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines. Enantioselective synthesis of -anamarine is accomplishedelaboration of hitherto unknown -keto phosphonate derived from tartaric acid amide. In an appendix for the thesis, enantiodivergent synthesis for 4-siloxy-pent-2-enone was described. The usefulness of asymmetric aldol reaction is exemplifiedin this section. hydroxy amide synthesized from crotonaldehyde is suitably elaborated to the diene which on RCM yielded 4-silyloxycyclopent-2-enone. Further synthetic modification of this compound afforded the other enantiomer. Scheme 6: Enantiodivergent synthesis of hydroxy cyclopentenones. (For structural formula pl the abstract pdf file)

No description available.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are ubiquitous and display broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that can control bacterial colonization of surfaces. Ceragenins are small-molecule mimics of AMPs and have several advantages over AMPs, including cost of manufacture and stability. A ceragenin, CSA-120, modified with an acrylamide group was directly incorporated into fluoropolymer coatings as a means of inhibiting bacterial biofilm formation. The ceragenin-containing coatings displayed improved performance. By conjugating a copper chelating group to the ceragenin, chelation of 64Cu by the conjugate was effective and provided a stable complex that allowed in vivo imaging. This conjugate may provide a means of identifying infection sites in patients presenting general signs of infection without localized symptoms. A combination nanoparticle comprised of a maghemite core for enhanced T2 MRI contrast diagnostics, a colloidal silver shell acting as an antimicrobial and therapeutic vehicle, and a ceragenin (CSA- 124) surfactant providing microbial adhesion was synthesized and characterized by multiple methods. Silver nanoparticles conjugated with ceragenin, CSA-124, as a potential Gram-positiveselective antimicrobial were synthesized and termed as CSA-SNPs. Herein, CSA-SNPs are characterized using multiple methods and the antimicrobial properties are determined through minimum inhibitory concentration/minimum bactericidal concentration (MIC/MBC) and time-kill study. Prostanoids are a natural subclass of eicosanoids generated mainly from metabolic oxidation of arachidonic acid. Cyclopentenone prostaglandins (cyPGs) contain a highly reactive α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group in their cyclopentenone ring and possess three main potentially therapeutic properties: anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antiviral. We designed and synthesized EC and its derivatives in reducing secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-12. Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells are unique innate-like T cells and play a key role in host defense against bacterial and fungal infection as well as in human autoimmune diseases. The MAIT cells are activated through T-cell receptor αβ chain (TCR-αβ) binding with the MR1-ligand, which is vitamin B metabolites presented on MR1. Rribityllumazines, one of important MR1-ligand was synthesized in my study.

Orientador: Fernando Antonio Santos Coelho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T19:30:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SouzaFilho_LuisGustavode1974-_D.pdf: 8902904 bytes, checksum: 85fa958ae1d753dea72d1d460737db4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Neste trabalho descrevemos uma nova abordagem para a síntese de ciclopentenonas substituídas com potencial atividade anti-inflamatória. As ciclopentenonas desempenham diversas atividades biológicas, a saber: anti-inflamatória, antineoplásica e antiviral. Devido a sua importância biológica sintetizamos várias ciclopentenonas utilizando adutos de Morita-Baylis-Hillman, como substrato. A sequencia se baseou no uso de uma reação de adição 1,4 catalisada por ródio, com adutos de Morita-Baylis-Hillman, levando à formação de cinamatos alfa-substituídos com elevada estereosseletividade E. A partir desses últimos, uma sequencia de etapas permitiu a preparação de 4 diferentes ciclopentenonas, em 7 etapas, com rendimentos globais variando de 10 a 30%. As ciclopentenonas sintetizadas tiveram seu perfil anti-inflamatório avaliado em modelos experimentais de inflamação não alérgica, edema de pata e peritonite ¿ in vivo e ensaio de agregação plaquetária ¿ in vitro. Demonstramos, através de tais experimentos, que essas ciclopentenonas inibem o processo inflamatório, ou seja, reduzem do edema de pata e a migração celular para a cavidade abdominal, além de uma possível indicação do mecanismo de ação dessas moléculas sobre a isoenzima ciclooxigenase tipo 2 (COX-2). Os ensaios de agregação plaquetária nos permitiram propor que o mecanísmo de ação possa ser por inibição de COX-2, já que tais ensaios mostraram que essas moléculas não inibem a enzima COX-1. Esse é o primeiro trabalho descrevendo a síntese de ciclopentenonas substituídas a partir de adutos de Morita-Baylis-Hillman / Abstract: This paper describes a new approach for the synthesis of substituted cyclopentenones with potential anti-inflammatory activity. The cyclopentenones play diverse biological activities, namely: anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antiviral. Due to their biological importance synthesize various cyclopentenones using Morita-Baylis-Hillman as substrate. The sequence was based on the use of a 1,4 addition reaction catalyzed by rhodium, with Morita-Baylis-Hillman, leading to the formation of alpha-substituted cinnamates with high stereoselectivity E. From the latter, a sequence of steps allowed the preparation of 4 different cyclopentenones in 7 steps with overall yields ranging from 10 to 30%. The cyclopentenones synthesized had their anti-inflammatory profile assessed in experimental models of non-allergic inflammation, paw edema and peritonitis ¿ in vivo and test platelet aggregation - in vitro. Demonstrated through such experiments , these cyclopentenones inhibit the inflammatory process, ie , reduce paw edema and cell migration into the abdominal cavity, as well as a possible indication of the mechanism of action of these molecules on the isoenzyme cyclooxygenase type 2 (COX-2). The platelet aggregation assays allowed us to propose that the mechanism of action may be through inhibition of COX - 2, since these trials have shown that these molecules do not inhibit COX-1 enzyme. This is the first paper describing the synthesis of substituted cyclopentenones from Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts / Doutorado / Quimica Organica / Doutor em Ciências

Este trabalho investiga as interações eletrônicas em algumas cetonas cíclicas, substituídas em α por um átomo de enxofre, pela comparação com os compostos substituídos correspondentes. Os compostos estudados eram: ciclopentanona (I), 2-mercaptociclopentanona (II), 2-metiltiociclopentanona (III), 2-etiltiociclopentanona (IV), 2-n-propilciclopentanona (V), cânfora (VI), 2-etilcânfora (VII), 2-metiltiocânfora (VIII), ciclohexanona (IX), 2 -metilciclohexanona (X), 2-etiltiociclohexanona (XI), 2-hexanona (XII), etiltioacetona (XIII), 3-tiaciclopentanona (XIV), 3-tiaciclohexanona (XV), 2-ciclopentenona (XVI), 2-etiltio-2-ciclopentenona (XVII), l-etiltiociclopenteno (XVIII), ciclopenteno (XIX), ciclopentanotiol (XX) e etiltiociclopentano (XXI) (ver arquivo). São apresentadas as revisões bibliográficas sobre interações eletrônicas em compostos carbonílicos β-tia-substituídos e em vinil- e aril-tioéteres. São descritas as sínteses de compostos (II)-(V), (VII), (XVI)-(XVIII), (XX) e (XXI) por nós efetuadas. São apresentadas as constantes de basicidade de cetonas (I)-(XVII) e as medidas no ultravioleta de compostos (I-III), (XVI)-(XXI). Os dados experimentais indicam que: 1 - Todos os compostos carbonílicos contendo enxofre apresentam basicidade menor em relação aos compostos correspondentes não sulfurados. Entretanto, a grandeza desta diminuição não é a mesma para todos os compostos estudados. 2 - As bandas η → π* e π → π* do espectro no ultravio1eta de 2-etiltio-2-ciclopentenona (XVII) sofrem deslocamentos batocrômicos em comparação com as ciclanonas saturadas e ciclopentenos, respectivamente. Entretanto, a banda ηs → σ* é semelhante a de tioéteres e tióis. É apresentada uma discussão dos resultados obtidos, na qual sugere-se que: A diminuição da basicidade depende da posição da ligação C-S em relação ao grupo carbonila, sendo maior quando o ângulo de projeção Φ se aproxima de 0 ou 180°. A diminuição de basicidade é devida a interação no espaço e/ou através das ligações entre os pares de elétrons do enxofre e oxigênio carbonílico. A pequena diminuição de basicidade observada em 2-eti1tio-2-ciclopentenona de conformação plana é proveniente do cancelamento parcial do efeito da interação pelo efeito de campo que atua no sentido contrário. Na 2-etiltio-2-ciclopentenona ocorre uma estabilização adicional, por delocalização eletrônica, do orbital π*, quando os grupos SR e CO acham-se ligados conjuntamente à dupla ligação. / The present thesis investigates the electronic interactions in some cyclic ketones, α-sulphur substituted by comparison with the corresponding sulphur-free compounds. The compounds studied were: cyclopentanone (I), mercaptocyclopentanone (II), 2-methylthiocyclopentanone (III), 2-ethylthiocyclopentanone (IV), 2-n-propylcyclopentanone (V), camphor (VI), 2-ethylcamphor (VII), 2-methylthiocamphor (VIII), cyclohexanone (IX), 2-methylcyclohexanone (X), 2-ethylthiocyclohexanone (XI), 2-hexanone (XII), ethylthioacetone (XIII), 3-thiacyclopentanone (XIV), 3-thiacyclohexanone (XV), 2-cyclopentenone (XVI), 2-ethylthio-2-cyclopentenone (XVII), l-ethylthiocyclopentene (XVIII), cyclopentene (XIX), cyclopentanethiol (XX) and ethylthiocyclopentane (XXI) (ver arquivo). The literature reports are presented on electronic interactions in the β-thia-substituted carbonyl compounds and in the vinyl- and aryl-thioethers. The syntheses of the compounds (II)-(V), (VII) , (XVI)-(XVIII), (XX) and (XXI) are described. The basicity constants for ketones (I)-(XVII) and the ultraviolet spectra for compounds (I)-(III), (XVI)-(XXI) are reported. The experimental results indicate that: 1 - All sulphur substituted carbonyl compounds show a decrease in basicity in comparison with the corresponding unsubstituted compounds. However, the extent of this decrease is not the same for all compounds studied. 2 - The η → π* and π → π* absorption bands in the spectrum of the 2-ethylthio-2-cyclopentenone (XVII) undergo bathocromic shifts in comparison with the saturated cyclanones and cyclopentenes, respectively. However, the ηs → σ* band is similar to those for thioethers and thiols. The results suggest that: The decrease of basicity depends on the position of C-S bond towards carbonyl group, being of maximum value when the projected angle Φ approaches 0 or 180°. The decrease of basicity is due to through-space and/or through bond interaction between the lane pairs on sulphur and oxygen atoms. The decrease of basicity in the planar 2-ethylthio-2-cyclopentenone is partly cancelled by a field effect operating in the reversed direction. In the 2-ethylthio-2-cyclopentenone a additional stabilization takes place, wich is due to electronic delocalization of π* when the SR and CO groups are bonded to the double bond.

Este trabalho investiga as interações eletrônicas em algumas cetonas cíclicas, substituídas em α por um átomo de enxofre, pela comparação com os compostos substituídos correspondentes. Os compostos estudados eram: ciclopentanona (I), 2-mercaptociclopentanona (II), 2-metiltiociclopentanona (III), 2-etiltiociclopentanona (IV), 2-n-propilciclopentanona (V), cânfora (VI), 2-etilcânfora (VII), 2-metiltiocânfora (VIII), ciclohexanona (IX), 2 -metilciclohexanona (X), 2-etiltiociclohexanona (XI), 2-hexanona (XII), etiltioacetona (XIII), 3-tiaciclopentanona (XIV), 3-tiaciclohexanona (XV), 2-ciclopentenona (XVI), 2-etiltio-2-ciclopentenona (XVII), l-etiltiociclopenteno (XVIII), ciclopenteno (XIX), ciclopentanotiol (XX) e etiltiociclopentano (XXI) (ver arquivo). São apresentadas as revisões bibliográficas sobre interações eletrônicas em compostos carbonílicos β-tia-substituídos e em vinil- e aril-tioéteres. São descritas as sínteses de compostos (II)-(V), (VII), (XVI)-(XVIII), (XX) e (XXI) por nós efetuadas. São apresentadas as constantes de basicidade de cetonas (I)-(XVII) e as medidas no ultravioleta de compostos (I-III), (XVI)-(XXI). Os dados experimentais indicam que: 1 - Todos os compostos carbonílicos contendo enxofre apresentam basicidade menor em relação aos compostos correspondentes não sulfurados. Entretanto, a grandeza desta diminuição não é a mesma para todos os compostos estudados. 2 - As bandas η → π* e π → π* do espectro no ultravio1eta de 2-etiltio-2-ciclopentenona (XVII) sofrem deslocamentos batocrômicos em comparação com as ciclanonas saturadas e ciclopentenos, respectivamente. Entretanto, a banda ηs → σ* é semelhante a de tioéteres e tióis. É apresentada uma discussão dos resultados obtidos, na qual sugere-se que: A diminuição da basicidade depende da posição da ligação C-S em relação ao grupo carbonila, sendo maior quando o ângulo de projeção Φ se aproxima de 0 ou 180°. A diminuição de basicidade é devida a interação no espaço e/ou através das ligações entre os pares de elétrons do enxofre e oxigênio carbonílico. A pequena diminuição de basicidade observada em 2-eti1tio-2-ciclopentenona de conformação plana é proveniente do cancelamento parcial do efeito da interação pelo efeito de campo que atua no sentido contrário. Na 2-etiltio-2-ciclopentenona ocorre uma estabilização adicional, por delocalização eletrônica, do orbital π*, quando os grupos SR e CO acham-se ligados conjuntamente à dupla ligação. / The present thesis investigates the electronic interactions in some cyclic ketones, α-sulphur substituted by comparison with the corresponding sulphur-free compounds. The compounds studied were: cyclopentanone (I), mercaptocyclopentanone (II), 2-methylthiocyclopentanone (III), 2-ethylthiocyclopentanone (IV), 2-n-propylcyclopentanone (V), camphor (VI), 2-ethylcamphor (VII), 2-methylthiocamphor (VIII), cyclohexanone (IX), 2-methylcyclohexanone (X), 2-ethylthiocyclohexanone (XI), 2-hexanone (XII), ethylthioacetone (XIII), 3-thiacyclopentanone (XIV), 3-thiacyclohexanone (XV), 2-cyclopentenone (XVI), 2-ethylthio-2-cyclopentenone (XVII), l-ethylthiocyclopentene (XVIII), cyclopentene (XIX), cyclopentanethiol (XX) and ethylthiocyclopentane (XXI) (ver arquivo). The literature reports are presented on electronic interactions in the β-thia-substituted carbonyl compounds and in the vinyl- and aryl-thioethers. The syntheses of the compounds (II)-(V), (VII) , (XVI)-(XVIII), (XX) and (XXI) are described. The basicity constants for ketones (I)-(XVII) and the ultraviolet spectra for compounds (I)-(III), (XVI)-(XXI) are reported. The experimental results indicate that: 1 - All sulphur substituted carbonyl compounds show a decrease in basicity in comparison with the corresponding unsubstituted compounds. However, the extent of this decrease is not the same for all compounds studied. 2 - The η → π* and π → π* absorption bands in the spectrum of the 2-ethylthio-2-cyclopentenone (XVII) undergo bathocromic shifts in comparison with the saturated cyclanones and cyclopentenes, respectively. However, the ηs → σ* band is similar to those for thioethers and thiols. The results suggest that: The decrease of basicity depends on the position of C-S bond towards carbonyl group, being of maximum value when the projected angle Φ approaches 0 or 180°. The decrease of basicity is due to through-space and/or through bond interaction between the lane pairs on sulphur and oxygen atoms. The decrease of basicity in the planar 2-ethylthio-2-cyclopentenone is partly cancelled by a field effect operating in the reversed direction. In the 2-ethylthio-2-cyclopentenone a additional stabilization takes place, wich is due to electronic delocalization of π* when the SR and CO groups are bonded to the double bond.