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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Produção recombinante e caracterização de duas cistatinas de cana-de-açúcar

Miguel, Mariana Cardoso 05 September 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:21:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6416.pdf: 7607633 bytes, checksum: e01f0f58b2ee5032346c3d9eae67f4ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-05 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Cystatins are reversible inhibitors of cysteine peptidases. The cystatins found in plants are called phytocystatins, and represent an independent subfamily of the cystatins superfamily. Some studies have reported significant pleiotropic effects for recombinant cystatins expressed in transgenic plants, notably including tolerance phenotypes against attack of herbivorous arthropods and pathogens, and against abiotic and biotic stresses. Besides, the recombinant sugarcane cystatin, CaneCPI-4, showed potential to inhibit development of melanoma cells. Thus, the study and knowledge about phytocystatins, become interesting from agricultural and medicinal point of view. The sugarcane genome project (SUCEST) allowed the identification of about 25 putative cystatins in this plant, which were gathered in 4 groups, by phylogenetic analysis. In this study, we propose a new classification for the putative cystatins found in the SUCEST database. Furthermore, we describe the heterologous expression, purification and characterization of two novel sugarcane cystatins, CaneCPI-5 and CaneCPI-6, which showed different inhibitory activities against human cathepsin B. While protein CaneCPI-6 was not able to inhibit this enzyme efficiently (Ki = 1,83 μM), the protein CaneCPI-5 showed a good inhibitory capacity against the same enzyme (Ki = 6,87 nM). The CaneCPI-5 cystatin was also analyzed against recombinant cathepsin L from the beetle Sphenophorus levis (rSl-CathL), and showed a good inhibitory capacity against this enzyme (Ki = 0,059 nM). Finally, both of proteins, CaneCPI-5 and CaneCPI-6, proved to be thermostable when kept at 100°C for 30 minutes. / Cistatinas são inibidores reversíveis de cisteíno-peptidases. As cistatinas encontradas em plantas são denominadas fitocistatinas, e constituem uma subfamília independente da superfamília das cistatinas. Alguns estudos têm relatado importantes efeitos pleiotrópicos para cistatinas recombinantes expressas em plantas transgênicas, incluindo principalmente, fenótipos com tolerância ao ataque de artrópodes herbívoros e patógenos, e contra estresses bióticos e abióticos. Ademais, a cistatina recombinante de cana-de-açúcar, CaneCPI-4, apresentou potencial para inibir o desenvolvimento de células de melanoma. Dessa maneira, o estudo e conhecimento sobre as fitocistatinas, tornam-se interessantes do ponto de vista agrícola e na saúde. O projeto genoma da cana-de-açúcar (SUCEST) possibilitou a identificação de 25 possíveis cistatinas nesta planta, que foram reunidas em 4 grupos, por meio de análises filogenéticas. Nesse trabalho propomos uma reanálise das prováveis cistatinas encontradas no banco de dados do SUCEST. Além disso, descrevemos a expressão heteróloga, purificação e caracterização de duas novas cistatinas de cana-de-açúcar, CaneCPI-5 e CaneCPI-6, as quais apresentaram diferenças na ação inibitória contra a catepsina B humana. Enquanto a proteína CaneCPI-6 não foi capaz de inibir esta enzima de forma eficiente (Ki = 1,83 μM), a proteína CaneCPI-5 apresentou um bom poder inibitório contra a mesma enzima (Ki = 6,87 nM). A cistatina CaneCPI-5 foi analisada também contra a catepsina L recombinante do inseto Sphenophorus levis (rSl-CathL), e apresentou alto poder inibitório contra essa enzima (Ki = 0,059 nM). Por fim, ambas as proteínas, CaneCPI-5 e CaneCPI-6, mostraram-se termoestáveis quando mantidas à 100°C durante 30 minutos.
2

Estudo comparativo das características bioquímicas funcionais e especificidade catalítica de aspartil, cisteíno e serino peptidases fúngicas / Comparative study of functional biochemical characteristics and catalytic specificity of aspartyl, cysteine and serine fungal peptidases

Silva, Ronivaldo Rodrigues da [UNESP] 12 February 2016 (has links)
Submitted by RONIVALDO RODRIGUES DA SILVA (rds.roni@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-01T13:46:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Doutorado RONIVALDO R. SILVA.pdf: 3318357 bytes, checksum: 82fadd527a2ede34e2a0a237a881e8f8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-03-01T18:27:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_rr_dr_sjrp.pdf: 3318357 bytes, checksum: 82fadd527a2ede34e2a0a237a881e8f8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-01T18:27:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_rr_dr_sjrp.pdf: 3318357 bytes, checksum: 82fadd527a2ede34e2a0a237a881e8f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Aspártico (E.C. 3.4.23), cisteíno (E.C. 3.4.22) e serino peptidases (E.C. 3.4.21) são endopeptidases, cujos modos de ação são dependentes de resíduos de ácido aspártico, cisteína e serina presentes no sítio catalítico, respectivamente. Atualmente, vários estudos são realizados na busca por novas enzimas com relevantes propriedades bioquímicas para aplicação industrial. Neste contexto, nós propomos a produção de enzimas em bioprocesso submerso, purificação, estudo das propriedades bioquímicas e determinação da especificidade catalítica das peptidases secretadas pelos fungos filamentosos Rhizomucor miehei, Phanerochaete chrysosporium e Leptosphaeria sp. Inicialmente, após produção por bioprocesso submerso, estas enzimas foram purificadas utilizando cromatografias de exclusão molecular e troca iônica. Em ensaios de inibidores na atividade enzimática, notamos inibição das peptidases por pepstatina A (R. miehei), ácido iodoacético/N-Etilmaleimida (P. chrysosporium) e fluoreto de fenil metil sulfonila (Leptosphaeria sp), sendo então definidas como aspártico, cisteíno e serino peptidases, respectivamente. Por SDS-PAGE (12%), as massas moleculares foram estimadas em 37 kDa (aspártico), 23 kDa (cisteíno) e 35 kDa (serino). O máximo de atividade proteolítica foi alcançado em pH 5,5 e 55 ºC para peptidase aspártica secretada por R. miehei; pH 7 e faixa de temperatura 45-55 ºC para cisteíno peptidase secretada por P. chrysosporium, e pH 7 e 45 ºC para serino peptidase secretada por Leptosphaeria sp. Sob efeito de incubação a diferentes pH, a peptidase aspártica mostrou-se estável em condições ácidas (pH 3-5); cisteíno peptidase foi estável em ampla faixa de pH (pH 4-9), e serino peptidase mostrou-se mais estável em condições com tendências alcalinas e pH ligeiramente ácido (pH 5-9). Em todas estas faixas de pH citadas, as peptidases apresentaram atividade proteolítica acima de 80% por 1 hora de incubação. Quanto à estabilidade térmica, a cisteíno peptidase mostrou-se mais termoestável dentre as três enzimas e serino peptidase descreveu a menor tolerância à temperatura. Em incubação com agentes desnaturantes, observamos redução na atividade proteolítica sob efeito de surfactantes iônicos (0,02-1%): dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS) e brometo de cetil-trimetil amônio (CTAB); íon cobre II (5 mM); Ditiotreitol (DTT) e guanidina (ambos na faixa de 10-200 mM) para todas as peptidases. Por último, em estudo de especificidade catalítica destas enzimas, observamos a preferência por aminoácidos aromáticos (F e W), básicos (K e R) e apolares (em particular, resíduo de metionina) para peptidase aspártica. Alta especificidade descrita por cisteíno peptidase, cuja preferência catalítica é notória por aminoácidos básicos (K, H e R), especialmente na posição P3 e lisina-dependência para catálise na posição P'3. Em serino peptidase, notamos maior aceitação por aminoácidos apolares (G, I, L, M e V), básicos (H e R) e polares neutros (N e Q) para as diferentes posições avaliadas no substrato. / Aspartic (EC 3.4.23), cysteine (EC 3.4.22) and serine peptidases (EC 3.4.21) are endopeptidases whose modes of action are dependent on aspartic acid, cysteine and serine residues present in the catalytic site, respectively. Currently, several studies are conducted in the search for new enzymes with relevant biochemical properties for industrial application. In this context, we propose the production of enzymes in submerged bioprocess, purification, the study of biochemical properties and determining the catalytic specificity peptidases secreted by the filamentous fungus Rhizomucor miehei, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Leptosphaeria sp. Initially, after production submerged bioprocess, these enzymes have been purified using size-exclusion and ion exchange chromatographies. In the effect of inhibitors on enzyme activity, we note peptidase inhibition by pepstatin A (R. miehei), iodoacetic acid/ N-Ethylmaleimide (P. chrysosporium) and phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride (Leptosphaeria sp), suggesting that these enzymes are aspartic, cysteine and serine peptidases, respectively. For SDS-PAGE (12%), molecular weights were estimated at 37 kDa (aspartic), 23 kDa (cysteine) and 35 kDa (serine). Maximum proteolytic activity was achieved at pH 5.5 and 55 °C for aspartic peptidase secreted by R. miehei; pH 7 and temperature range 45-55 °C for cysteine peptidase secreted by P. chrysosporium and pH 7 and 45 °C for serine peptidase secreted by Leptosphaeria sp. Under incubation at different pH effect, aspartic peptidase was stable under acidic conditions (pH 3-5); cysteine peptidase was stable in wide pH range (pH 4-9), and serine peptidase was more stable under alkaline conditions and pH slightly acidic (pH 5-9). In all these pH ranges mentioned, peptidases showed proteolytic activity above 80% by 1 hour incubation. As regards the thermal stability, cysteine peptidase was more thermostable enzyme and serine peptidase described the lowest temperature tolerance. In incubation with denaturing agents, we observed a decrease in proteolytic activity under the effect of ionic surfactant (0.02-1%) sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) bromide and cetyl-trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB); copper (II) ion (5 mM); Dithiothreitol (DTT) and guanidine (both in the range of 10-200 mM) for all peptidases. Finally, the study of catalytic specificity of these enzymes, we found a preference for aromatic amino acids (F and W), basic (K and R) and nonpolar (in particular, methionine residue) to aspartic peptidase. High specificity described by cysteine peptidase, which a catalytic preference is notorious for basic amino acids (K, R and H), especially in position P3 and lysine-dependence for catalysis at position P'3. In serine peptidase, for different evaluated positions, we noticed greater acceptance by nonpolar amino acids (G, I, L, M and V), basic (M and R) and neutral polar (N and Q).
3

Charakterizace rekombinantních cathepsinů B ptačí schistosomy Trichobilharzia regenti / Characterisation of recombinant cathepsins B of the bird schistosome Trichobilharzia regenti

Dvořáková, Hana January 2011 (has links)
This study focuses on the recombinant cysteine peptidases - cathepsin B originating in the bird schistosome Trichobilharzia regenti that is unique across the whole family for its ability to migrate through the nerve tissue to the final localization. For invasion, migration, degradation of nutritional proteins and/or evasion of host immune responses, schistosome employs peptidases. This study follows the research done by researchers of Department of parasitology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Charles University. The main goal of this study was to deepen the characteristics of recombinant cathepsins B originating in T. regenti. In T. regenti, two cysteine peptidases - cathepsins B1 (TrCB1) and B2 (TrCB2) - have been previously characterized. TrCB1 is located in the gut of schistosomula and involved in digestion. TrCB2 occurs in post-acetabular penetration glands of cercariae and probably facilitates penetration. The recombinant pro-cathepsin B (isoforms TrCB1.1, TrCB1.4 and also TrCB2) were expressed in Pichia pastoris yeast system. An attempt was made to produce in P. pastoris the recombinant isoform TrCB1.6, in which the active site cysteine is substituted by glycine. While TrCB2 underwent self-processing in the expression medium, TrCB1.1 and TrC1.4 zymogens were effectively activated only after the...

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