The paper is an extensive review of inter organizational relation. Every organization wants to attain the competitive position in the Global market. The organization is effectively utilizing the R&D, production and marketing units, to develop the innovative products to accomplish the consumer needs.  The need for innovation is growing every day. The innovation success depends on the vital link between R&D, production and Marketing. In this paper concentrated on R&D and Marketing units at Ericsson Telecom Company, because these two units are combined and work together to discover new innovative products according to the customer requirements and to improve their operational excellence. The paper analyzed the relation between the R&D and Marketing departments of Ericsson is Strong or weak by using the factors like communication, decision making, formal and informal mechanism between the two units and also identified the relationship between these two units has it improved during last three years (2006- 2008). Research Methodology: In this dissertation work the authors were taken the interpretative research. The researchers used Primary data and secondary data. The primary data collected by E mail questions to Ericsson's employees and secondary data collected by Journals, Ericsson home page, magazines and library online database etc. Findings: The researchers analyzed the current relationship between R&D and Marketing units at Ericsson Organization. We scrutinized communication, decision making, and formal and informal mechanism are giving positive support and build the strong relationship between two units. The researchers also found few gaps between two units, but the overall relationship between two units were strong. It positively contributes to Ericsson's operational excellence.

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Influenza A virus (IAV) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Surfactant proteins A and D (SP-A and SP-D) are important lung innate immune proteins and have been shown in vitro and in mice to both neutralize and enhance the clearance of various IAV strains. In this study we hypothesized that SP-A and SP-D levels will be lower in human bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids from patients who have tested positive for influenza, as well as bacterial or fungal pathogens compared to controls. We have found that patients who have detectable IAV, bacteria or fungus have lower levels of SP-A and SP-D as detected by western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) when compared to controls. Also, we found minor differences in the oligomerization and no differences in the glycosylation of SP-A and SP-D among BALs that detected the proteins on a Western blot.

Influenza A virus (IAV) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Surfactant proteins A and D (SP-A and SP-D) are important lung innate immune proteins and have been shown in vitro and in mice to both neutralize and enhance the clearance of various IAV strains. In this study we hypothesized that SP-A and SP-D levels will be lower in human bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids from patients who have tested positive for influenza, as well as bacterial or fungal pathogens compared to controls. We have found that patients who have detectable IAV, bacteria or fungus have lower levels of SP-A and SP-D as detected by western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) when compared to controls. Also, we found minor differences in the oligomerization and no differences in the glycosylation of SP-A and SP-D among BALs that detected the proteins on a Western blot.

This thesis illustrates a comprehensive study on the PVT, solubility and surface tension properties of polylactic acid (PLA) with dissolved CO2 based on thermodynamic models. The solubility of CO2 in PLA melt was calculated by means of a gravimetric method, using a Magnetic Suspension Balance (MSB). The swelling volume of the polymer/gas mixture due to dissolution of gas was compensated for by direct measurement through a view cell or by theoretical models such as Simha Somcynsky (SS) - Equation of State (EOS) and Sanchez Lacombe (SL) - Equation of State (EOS). Three grades of PLA (i.e., PLA3001D, PLA8051D, and PLA4060D) were chosen. It was observed that the pressure, temperature, D-content and Molecular weight variance had an effect on the swelling and solubility. The surface Tension of PLA/CO₂ mixture was also calculated from the captured image using the Axsymmetric Drop Shape Analysis (ADSA). The effects of varying the pressure, temperature, and molecular weight on surface tension were investigated.

Low vitamin D status has been consistently associated with an increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). Further, preclinical and in vitro data demonstrate immune regulatory properties of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D that may be beneficial for patients with MS. To date evidence of beneficial in vivo immunomodulation by supplementation with vitamin D3 in humans is lacking. In a one-year, open-label, phase I/II dose-escalation study of vitamin D3 (average ~14,000 IU/d over one year) with calcium (1,200mg/d) in patients with MS, we compared the effects of treatment on safety outcomes, clinical outcomes and selected biomarkers of immune system activity, relative to matched MS patients [age, sex, disease duration, disease modifying therapy, and expanded disability status scale (EDSS)] randomized to receive no supplementation. Mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations were 78.1±27.0 nmol/L at baseline and at one-year were 82.7±34.8 and 179.1±76.1 nmol/L in control and treated groups, respectively. Serum and urinary calcium and all other safety outcomes were unchanged throughout the trial. Compared to controls, treated patients tended to have fewer relapses (McNemar, p=0.09) and a greater proportion had a stable or improved EDSS at study end (p=0.018). We observed significantly reduced lymphocyte proliferative responses to antigenic challenge in the treatment group at one year, compared to baseline and control group responses. High serum 25(OH)D concentrations were not associated with short-term adverse effects in patients with MS, but with evidence of clinical improvement and beneficial immunomodulation.

Low vitamin D status has been consistently associated with an increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). Further, preclinical and in vitro data demonstrate immune regulatory properties of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D that may be beneficial for patients with MS. To date evidence of beneficial in vivo immunomodulation by supplementation with vitamin D3 in humans is lacking. In a one-year, open-label, phase I/II dose-escalation study of vitamin D3 (average ~14,000 IU/d over one year) with calcium (1,200mg/d) in patients with MS, we compared the effects of treatment on safety outcomes, clinical outcomes and selected biomarkers of immune system activity, relative to matched MS patients [age, sex, disease duration, disease modifying therapy, and expanded disability status scale (EDSS)] randomized to receive no supplementation. Mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations were 78.1±27.0 nmol/L at baseline and at one-year were 82.7±34.8 and 179.1±76.1 nmol/L in control and treated groups, respectively. Serum and urinary calcium and all other safety outcomes were unchanged throughout the trial. Compared to controls, treated patients tended to have fewer relapses (McNemar, p=0.09) and a greater proportion had a stable or improved EDSS at study end (p=0.018). We observed significantly reduced lymphocyte proliferative responses to antigenic challenge in the treatment group at one year, compared to baseline and control group responses. High serum 25(OH)D concentrations were not associated with short-term adverse effects in patients with MS, but with evidence of clinical improvement and beneficial immunomodulation.

Texte remanié de: Diss.--Zürich--Institute of scientific computing, École polytechnique fédérale. N°: 15223. / Bibliogr. p. 255-259. Résumé en français.

Diss.--Theology--Uppsala--University, 2003. / Bibliogr. p. 299-312. Index.

Th. 3e cycle--Musicologie--Rouen--UFR Lettres et Sciences humaines, 2006. / Glossaire f. 171-177 (t.1). Bibliogr. et discogr. f. 189-203 (t.1).