Planting date (PD), seeding rate (SR), genotype, and row spacing (RS) influence hard red spring wheat (HRSW, Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield. Evaluating HRSW economic optimum seeding rates (EOSR) is needed as modern hybrids may improve performance and have different SR requirements than cultivars. Two cultivars and five hybrids were evaluated in five North Dakota environments at two PDs and five SRs ranging from 2.22-5.19 million live seeds ha-1 in 2019-2020. Planting date, SR, and genotypes have unique yield responses across environments. Hybrid yield was the most associated with kernels spike-1 (r=0.17 to 0.43). The best hybrid yielded greater than cultivars in three environments. The EOSR ranged from 4.08-4.15 and 3.67-3.85 million seeds ha-1 for cultivars and hybrids, respectively. Hybrids are economical if seed prices are within $0.18 kg-1 of cultivars. In soybean, individual and synergistic effects of PD, SR, genotype relative maturity (RM), and RS on seed yield and agronomic characteristics, and how well canopy measurements can predict seed yield in North Dakota were investigated. Early and late PD, early and late RM, and two SRs (457 000 and 408 000 seed ha-1) were evaluated in 14 environments and two RS (30.5 and 61 cm) were included in four environments in 2019-2020. Individual factors resulted in 245 and 189 kg ha-1 more yield for early PD and late RM, respectively. The improved treatment of early PD, late RM, and high SR factors had 16% yield and $140 ha-1 more partial profit greater than the control. When including RS, 30.5 cm RS had 7% more yield than 61 cm RS. Adding 30.5 cm RS to the improved treatment in four environments resulted in 26% yield and $291 ha-1 more partial net profit compared to the control. A normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) at R5 was the single best yield predictor, and stepwise regression using canopy measurements explained 69% of yield variation. North Dakota farmers are recommended to combine early PDs, late RM cultivars, 457 000 seed ha-1 SR, and 30.5 cm RS to improve soybean yield and profit compared to current management trends.

No description available.

Research was conducted in 2013 and 2014 to evaluate the postemergence control of Palmer amaranth [Amaranthus palmeri (S.) Wats.] with mesotrione alone and in mixtures with fomesafen and/or glyphosate and to evaluate the impact of lactofen and planting date on growth, development, and yield of indeterminate soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Studies included a greenhouse evaluation of different rates of mesotrione on the control of 5- and 10-cm Palmer amaranth and field studies evaluating the control of 5- to 10-cm Palmer amaranth with three rates of mesotrione applied alone and in mixtures with fomesafen and/or glyphosate. Lactofen studies include a planting date study evaluating one rate of lactofen applied at V2 soybean stage with planting dates of April 15, May 1, May 15, and June 1 and a lactofen timing study where one rate of lactofen was applied at soybean growth stages ranging from V1 to R5.

Producers choosing to implement an early corn planting management strategy often experience several yield limiting biotic and abiotic factors. Field variability, flooding, sub-optimal soil temperatures which leads to poor nutrient uptake, delayed emergence and reduced root growth can limit grain production. Three separate experiments were conducted to address some of the negative effects associated with early corn planting. Experiment 1 evaluated flooding effects on several morpho-physiological traits including root system architecture during early crop development. Hybrids (DKC 6208, Pioneer 1197) were flooded at planting (V0) and growth stages V1, V2, V3 for 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96 hours. Plants flooded at V0 11% suffered the steepest decline in collar height. Plants flooded at V2 10% were more susceptible than plants flooded V1 4%. Overall, there was a linear decline in nutrient concentration if flooding occurred at planting. Tissue Na levels were the most affected by flood duration and K was the least affected. Experiment 2 evaluated biologic compounds developed to increase immobile nutrients P and K to improve fertilizer use efficiency and provide slow developing roots essential nutrients. The effectiveness of microbial products (B-300, QR, Mammoth, EM-1) with/without starter fertilizer influenced yield, emergence, plant growth, and nutrient uptake. Biologic seed treatments compared to the control, resulted in a positive yield advantage for all treatments. Yields ranged from 37 to 48% higher if biologic compounds were applied. On average, yields increased from 26 to 38% after starter fertilizer was added to the biologic compounds. Phosphorus levels at VT were significantly higher for QR and K content was higher for B300, SF-B300, QR, Mamm, and SF-Mamm compared to the control. Experiment 3 addressed soil physical/chemical properties affecting plant development and there yield plant density relationship. On average, yields significantly increased 40% as plant population increased from 49,400 to 103,740 plants ha−1. Based on the quadratic model agronomically yields would be highest at 61,360 plants ha−1. Correlation analysis among yield and soil physical and chemical properties revealed positive correlations for grain yield, sand% (r2 = 0.42), soil K (r2 = 0.17) soil Na (r2 = 0.46), and soil P (r2 = 0.49).

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a fruit-bearing tree with numerous potential sustainable applications. Since ancient times, it has been considered a stable, secure, and sustainable food. This work provides comprehensive metabolic profiling of both parts, flesh and seed, of four P. dactylifera cultivars; Ajwa, Anbara, Sukkari, and Degelt Nour, which originated from two countries, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia. The analysis performed using mass spectrometry-untargeted metabolomics approaches, included a combination of LC-MS and GC-MS coupled to multivariate statistical analysis to reveal the differences in metabolite compositions among date varieties. The LC-MS seed results showed several classes of metabolites that belong to the flavonoids, phenolic acids, and amino acids derivatives, including citric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, hydroxyadipic acid, caffeic acid, which were at high concentrations in AJS followed by DNS and ARS. The LC-MS flesh analysis displayed that DNF had a high level of Isoquercitrin (flavonoid compound) and sinapic acid, and AJF was high concentrations level in hydroxyadipic acid and ascorbic acid. GC-MS concluded that seed samples of four date varieties are richer in metabolites classes than the flesh samples. The metabolites contributed to the seed metabolite compositions included several classes of amino acids, hydrocinnamic acids (caffeic, ferulic and sinapic acids), antioxidant phenolics, and long-chain fatty acids. The PCA and its loading analysis demonstrated the discriminating metabolites that were responsible for date varieties segregation, as HCA displayed the metabolic patterns and groups of metabolites that drive the clustering of the date samples, two groups of dates clustered together (AR and AJ) and (SR and DN). These clusterings are based on the similarities and differences observed in the metabolite compositions of the studied date samples that could be explained by differences in various metabolic responses and the environmental conditions, genotypes and geographical regions. This extensive date palm information would increase the potential of date fruits and seeds as low-cost sources of natural diet that may provide nutritious and bioactive components in the food and pharmaceutical fields to produce value-added products.

The reproductive timing and success of white-tailed deer are important to managers. I evaluated the reproductive variability of pen-raised deer and wild populations within Mississippi and investigated effects of age, body condition and moon phase on conception dates. I also examined the reproductive potential of doe fawns from 3 regions of Mississippi. Individual conception dates varied more than expected and were not related to moon phase. Age affected individual conception date, although the effect may have been confounded by estimated gestation length. Population level variation was less than reported and could not be explained by moon phase or late-winter body condition. One of 65 doe fawns bred. The critical mass for reproduction may be lower in Mississippi than previous reports for the northern U.S. Regional variation in fawn breeding based on yearling lactation rates warrants additional research.

Edamame's (Glycine max L. Merrill) consumption in the US has also been growing due to purported health benefits. Edamame grows well around the US, but few have measured the growth and yield in the mid-Atlantic region. The objective of these studies were to determine the potential yield of edamame, determine how yield components change with planting date and cultivar, and to measure total protein, lipids, antioxidant activity and isoflavone concentrations at harvest.. The five cultivars (BeSweet 292, BeSweet 2015, BeSweet 2001, Midori Giant and Sunrise) used in the cultivar evaluation trial and for nutritional constituents analysis were grown in Painter, Virginia in 2008 and 2009. The cultivar evaluation trial yielded between 5,600 and 8,400 kg per ha. Percent marketable pods ranged from 74.3 and 85.6% in the cultivar evaluation trial. There were significant differences in average seed size across cultivars in both years. Cultivar lipid content followed the same patterns in both years with 2009 having lower overall concentrations than 2008. Protein contents were similar in 2008 and 2009. Both years, "BeSweet 2015" and "BeSweet 2001" had high radical scavenging ability and Midori Giant had the lowest. In 2008, there were no significant differences in the ORAC assay. "BeSweet 292" had significantly more reducing activity in the DPPH assay than Sunrise in 2009. Isoflavones were measured in 2008 and 2009 at harvest and temporally in 2009. Of all isoflavones, Malonyl genistin had the highest concentration. Edamame is a suitable crop for cultivation in Virginia, and is high in nutritional quality. / Master of Science

L'effet des facteurs environnementaux physiques – conditions météorologiques sur la survenue d'une pré-éclampsie est une préoccupation relativement récente, mais diversement évalués par des études de méthodologie très hétérogène qui ne peuvent ainsi faire le tri des hypothèses physio-pathologiques. Comme le rappelait un rapport d'experts, les difficultés méthodologiques sont nombreuses, parmi lesquelles: la mesure de l’exposition et la détermination des fenêtres d'exposition, l’emploi d’une modélisation statistique adéquate, la prise en compte de l’ensemble des facteurs de confusion (facteurs de risque connus de morbidité chez les femmes enceintes ou prise en compte de la saisonnalité des naissances). Par ailleurs, l'intrication des facteurs physiques avec les facteurs sociaux, individuels ou de contexte vient compliquer l'interprétation. Aucune des études publiées jusqu'ici dans le domaine de la pré-éclampsie ne prend simultanément en compte ces 3 catégories de facteurs. Enfin, il n'existe guère d'étude française répondant à l'ensemble de ces questions alors que les modalités de suivi de la grossesse jouent un rôle important et dépendent étroitement de l'organisation socio-sanitaire du pays. Avec l’expérience d'un an dans la préparation du projet, nous proposons d'évaluer ces effets conjoints en étudiant un registre avec plus de 100 000 femmes enceintes /an suivies dans le réseau de maternités du département des Yvelines qui rassemble des territoires urbains et ruraux. / During two last decades, the effect of meteorological factors on human health, especially pregnancy, has become a growing public health concern. However, the influence of meteorological and environmental factors on the occurrence of pre-eclampsia still has to be precisely determined. The main objective of this work is to determine the influence of meteorological conditions at various time during pregnancy (date of conception, near date of conception) on the occurrence of pre-eclampsia in a large French registry of pregnant women and to determine at which moment are the women more susceptible.

No description available.

The thesis is concerned with a basic fact about the issue of food waste in a global level and in the Czech Republic as well. It Describes the overall problem and distinguishes a terminology of food loss, food waste etc. The practical part analyzes the consumption of food consumers via questionnaire in the region of Tabor. The goal was to determine whether the respondents are knowledgeable in this matter another aim was to find out the frequency of their purchase and consumption of food in their homes or how they liquidate the remaining food. The challenge is also to propose the own solution of this problem, because waste represents a complex economic, environmental, social and ethical problem. The final part deals with its own proposals for solutions and it finds out the need to establish food banks in the region of Tabor.