O avanço da bioengenharia atual tem sido motivado pela crescente necessidade da humanidade em se buscar formas para amenizar o sofrimento, garantir tempo para um tratamento, melhorar a qualidade de vida ou sanar quadros clínicos de pacientes. Assim, a crescente necessidade de órgãos artificiais impulsiona a área de bioengenharia para que seja dado um suporte no desenvolvimento destes mecanismos. Neste contexto se encontra o presente trabalho. Aqui, apresenta-se uma metodologia numérica para que seja aplicada a desenvolvimento e testes de Dispositivos de Assistência Cardíaca, de forma a otimizar o processo de desenvolvimento e estimar os possíveis problemas inerentes ao seu funcionamento. Compondo a metodologia, uma ampla discussão de cada etapa numérica foi elaborada, contribuindo para uma metodologia flexível para uma ampla variedade de aplicações. A hemólise também foi investigada através dos principais modelos da literatura, bem como foram propostos modelos adaptados para tentar estimar a hemólise verificada experimentalmente. Além das metodologias para cada etapa, uma metodologia geral utilizando Sistemas de Referências Múltiplas (SRM) compõe os resultados, para uma sequência de passos numéricos que possa obter resultados satisfatórios em comparação com resultados de bancada por loop test. Outros resultados encontrados e devidamente discutidos foram inerentes a uma densidade de malha a ser utilizada para que ocorra simulações com independência de malha, na qual uma densidade a partir de 318,43 elementos/mm³ para referenciais não-inerciais é proposta. O mapeamento da turbulência por seis modelos que aplicam a média de Reynolds também é discutido, indicando os melhores modelos a serem empregados para um número de Reynolds relativo (Re*) que relaciona a influência dos contornos nos resultados numéricos obtidos. Além disso, uma nova abordagem por tensão fisiológica é proposta para o cálculo da hemólise, sendo comparada aos modelos clássicos adotados. Os resultados para hemólise indicam um bom ajuste para o novo modelo proposto, bem como indica o correto tratamento de unidades para os modelos tradicionais. Por fim, as análises recaem na melhoria do dispositivo e conclui a metodologia numérica a ser empregada, preenchendo lacunas em cada etapa e determinando uma maneira de análise numérica cujos resultados são confiáveis. / The advance of current bioengineering has been driven by the increasing need of humanity to seek ways to alleviate the suffering, ensure time to treatment, improve the quality of life or cure medical conditions of patients. Thus, the growing need for artificial organs boosts bioengineering area to be given a support in the development of these mechanisms. In this context is the present work. Here, we present a numerical methodology to be applied to development and Cardiac Assist Devices tests in order to optimize the development process and estimate the potential problems inherent in their operation. Compounding the methodology, a comprehensive discussion of each numerical step was developed, contributing to a flexible methodology for a wide variety of applications. Hemolysis was also investigated through the main models of literature, and have been proposed models adapted to try to estimate hemolysis verified experimentally. In addition to the methodologies for each step, a general methodology using Multiple Reference Systems (MRF) makes up the results for a sequence of numeric steps you can get satisfactory results compared to bench test results for loop. Other findings were discussed and properly attached to a mesh density being used for simulations occurring independently mesh in which a density from 318.43 elements/mm³ Non-inertial frames is proposed. The mapping of turbulence six models applying Reynolds medium is also discussed, indicating the best designs to be employed for a number of relative Reynolds (Re*) that relates the influence of the contours of numerical results obtained. In addition, a new approach by physiological stress is proposed for the calculation of hemolysis, being compared to classic models adopted. The results for hemolysis indicate agreement with the proposed new model, and indicates the correct treatment units to the traditional models. The final analyses fall into improved device and completes the numerical methodology to be used by filling gaps in each step and determining a way to numerical analysis results which are dependable.

O avanço da bioengenharia atual tem sido motivado pela crescente necessidade da humanidade em se buscar formas para amenizar o sofrimento, garantir tempo para um tratamento, melhorar a qualidade de vida ou sanar quadros clínicos de pacientes. Assim, a crescente necessidade de órgãos artificiais impulsiona a área de bioengenharia para que seja dado um suporte no desenvolvimento destes mecanismos. Neste contexto se encontra o presente trabalho. Aqui, apresenta-se uma metodologia numérica para que seja aplicada a desenvolvimento e testes de Dispositivos de Assistência Cardíaca, de forma a otimizar o processo de desenvolvimento e estimar os possíveis problemas inerentes ao seu funcionamento. Compondo a metodologia, uma ampla discussão de cada etapa numérica foi elaborada, contribuindo para uma metodologia flexível para uma ampla variedade de aplicações. A hemólise também foi investigada através dos principais modelos da literatura, bem como foram propostos modelos adaptados para tentar estimar a hemólise verificada experimentalmente. Além das metodologias para cada etapa, uma metodologia geral utilizando Sistemas de Referências Múltiplas (SRM) compõe os resultados, para uma sequência de passos numéricos que possa obter resultados satisfatórios em comparação com resultados de bancada por loop test. Outros resultados encontrados e devidamente discutidos foram inerentes a uma densidade de malha a ser utilizada para que ocorra simulações com independência de malha, na qual uma densidade a partir de 318,43 elementos/mm³ para referenciais não-inerciais é proposta. O mapeamento da turbulência por seis modelos que aplicam a média de Reynolds também é discutido, indicando os melhores modelos a serem empregados para um número de Reynolds relativo (Re*) que relaciona a influência dos contornos nos resultados numéricos obtidos. Além disso, uma nova abordagem por tensão fisiológica é proposta para o cálculo da hemólise, sendo comparada aos modelos clássicos adotados. Os resultados para hemólise indicam um bom ajuste para o novo modelo proposto, bem como indica o correto tratamento de unidades para os modelos tradicionais. Por fim, as análises recaem na melhoria do dispositivo e conclui a metodologia numérica a ser empregada, preenchendo lacunas em cada etapa e determinando uma maneira de análise numérica cujos resultados são confiáveis. / The advance of current bioengineering has been driven by the increasing need of humanity to seek ways to alleviate the suffering, ensure time to treatment, improve the quality of life or cure medical conditions of patients. Thus, the growing need for artificial organs boosts bioengineering area to be given a support in the development of these mechanisms. In this context is the present work. Here, we present a numerical methodology to be applied to development and Cardiac Assist Devices tests in order to optimize the development process and estimate the potential problems inherent in their operation. Compounding the methodology, a comprehensive discussion of each numerical step was developed, contributing to a flexible methodology for a wide variety of applications. Hemolysis was also investigated through the main models of literature, and have been proposed models adapted to try to estimate hemolysis verified experimentally. In addition to the methodologies for each step, a general methodology using Multiple Reference Systems (MRF) makes up the results for a sequence of numeric steps you can get satisfactory results compared to bench test results for loop. Other findings were discussed and properly attached to a mesh density being used for simulations occurring independently mesh in which a density from 318.43 elements/mm³ Non-inertial frames is proposed. The mapping of turbulence six models applying Reynolds medium is also discussed, indicating the best designs to be employed for a number of relative Reynolds (Re*) that relates the influence of the contours of numerical results obtained. In addition, a new approach by physiological stress is proposed for the calculation of hemolysis, being compared to classic models adopted. The results for hemolysis indicate agreement with the proposed new model, and indicates the correct treatment units to the traditional models. The final analyses fall into improved device and completes the numerical methodology to be used by filling gaps in each step and determining a way to numerical analysis results which are dependable.

The goal of this thesis is to investigate the key success factors in the digital marketing approach used for campaigns done on crowdfunding platforms, and how it will change influence the decisions of the crowd to invest in a project. Regarding the structure of this thesis, we will firstly explain in details what are the roots of the crowdfunding, describe the different type of platforms and in which context they are used. In the second and third part, we will see how crowdfunding represent a boost for the entrepreneurial initiative and how digital marketing is influencing the process of a raising fund campaign. Finally, thanks a research that has been conducted on 46 respondents, we will analyze the behavior of the crowd regarding the marketing approach used by crowdfunders. As findings, we can state that a crowdfunder must establish a project with a substantial quality content that will pull the crowd toward the project, and choose the right approach in selecting an adapted crowdfunding platforms and rewards.

I have paid attention to artworks of Ivan Kafka especially to the problem of multiplicity. On the background of the reseach of Kafka's work I have described some aspects of his art work in more common way: dealing with time, with space and with multiplicity. I have shortly analyzed first two aspects. On the other hand is multiplicity much wider phenomena, I have defined with categories which were created specially for this work. The category of mass is defined by non-living unifique parts of one coplex without any autonomy. The second type labeled as crowd type, typically contains some level of individuality. On such background I tried to create a diagramatic structure, which was postulated according to Rolasind Krauss'es "expanded fields". This should better show the relations between terms like mass, crowd, seriality and serial type of multiplicity. I have also applied these categories on particular Ivan Kafka's artworks, but in the end I suggest to asser this system of multiplicity categories on other artists artworks as well.

No-radiation effects of nuclear attacks create a big group of possible impacts on society. The first task of diploma thesis is to compile basic complex of known principles, features and descriptions of behaviour of electro technical materials, mainly in the sphere of electromagnetic fields and their interaction with surroundings on various (attack induced) outer conditions. These features are verified and demonstrated through laboratory measurements taken on basic components of the latest ICT devices. The second task is to compile the whole complex of findings and observations about SW models creations on interpersonal parallel communication. Acquired results are verified on the small group of 27 people.

The thesis deals with the possibility of prediction of the exchange rate on forex. The combination of Elliott wave principle and Fibonacci numbers examines to what extent and in what time periods it is possible to predict exchange rate. The thesis use fundamental analysis and MACD oscillator to confirm the accuracy of this prediction.

Atualmente, sabe-se que grande parte dos acidentes graves ocorridos envolvendo uma diversidade de sistemas como plataformas de petróleo, aeronaves ou plantas de processos industriais, poderiam ser evitados caso possuíssem dispositivos de controle projetados especificamente para manter a segurança durante a ocorrência de falhas no funcionamento dos mesmos. Por outro lado, observam-se complicações em realizar o controle de sistemas remotos em que é possível não haver garantia de monitoração em tempo real, como o caso de sondas espaciais ou robôs de exploração. Neste contexto, podem-se encontrar ambas as dificuldades no controle do funcionamento de um Dispositivo de Assistência Ventricular (DAV) que desempenha a função de auxiliar o bombeamento de sangue para o sistema circulatório de um paciente com insuficiência cardíaca. Este tipo de dispositivo, quando usado para terapia de destino, deve apresentar um elevado nível de segurança, pois, caso haja falha, o risco de morte é eminente. Por sua vez, o sistema deve apresentar um elevado índice de autonomia, já que as características comportamentais e fisiológicas de um paciente estão em constante mudança e afetam diretamente o modo como deve ocorrer a interação entre o DAV e o sistema cardiovascular do paciente. Sendo assim, há uma necessidade premente de aprimoramento do projeto de sistemas de controle de DAVs autônomos e seguros. A proposta do presente trabalho consiste em aplicar conceitos mecatrônicos para o projeto de um sistema de controle de DAVs e, considerando a natureza dos sinais que indicam a ocorrência de falhas, considerar a teoria de Sistemas a Eventos Discretos (SED), ferramentas de análise de risco e técnicas de diagnóstico e tratamento de falhas para a obtenção de modelos de controle considerando-se uma arquitetura modular e distribuída. Desta forma, foi desenvolvida uma arquitetura de controle supervisório para DAVs considerando características de variações de comportamento do sistema circulatório do paciente e do próprio DAV. Esta arquitetura de controle contempla o diagnóstico e tratamento de falhas desenvolvendo um método para a classificação de falhas e, de acordo com a severidade de cada uma delas é proposto um sistema de controle que atua na regeneração ou degeneração do DAV para um estado seguro, v observando, também, o cumprimento de normas médicas e técnicas de segurança. Para atingir este objetivo, propõe-se uma sistemática para o projeto do sistema de controle para DAVs considerando o aspecto multidisciplinar pertinente a este contexto. A base dessa sistemática consiste em realizar uma efetiva análise de risco do sistema utilizando a ferramenta de estudo HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Studies). A partir do conhecimento obtido sobre o comportamento do sistema em situações críticas desenvolvem-se modelos formais utilizando rede Bayesiana e rede de Petri para o diagnóstico e tratamento das possíveis falhas. O comportamento do DAV controlado pode ser analisado de duas formas: (i) a partir de ensaios in vitro utilizando técnicas de análise por simulação e ferramentas computacionais adequadas, além de testes em simuladores cardiovasculares físicos que emulam interação com o sistema circulatório humano; (ii) a partir de ensaios in vivo em animais que poderão ser utilizados para simular modelos físicos de insuficiência cardíaca e permitir uma avaliação fidedigna dos efeitos do implante do DAV. O procedimento proposto foi aplicado para um caso real de desenvolvimento de um DAV envolvendo uma equipe de pesquisadores da Escola Politécnica da USP e do Instituto Dante Pazanesse de Cardiologia. Assim, é possível obter-se um sistema de controle autônomo e seguro que atenda normas técnicas aderentes a esse assunto e os rigorosos requisitos de projeto impostos a essa classe de sistema. / Nowadays, it is kwon that the several of severe disasters compromising a great variety of systems such as oil platforms, aircrafts or industrial plants, could have been avoided if these systems had controllers designed specifically to maintain the safety levels in case of fault. On the other side, many complications are observed on performing the control of remote systems, where there is no guarantee of real time monitoring of the system, as in space probes or reconnaissance robots. In this context, both obstacles can be found on the control of ventricular assist devices (VAD), which have the role of assisting to pump the blood into the patients circulatory system, in case of irregular heartbeat or heart failure. Devices such as the VAD must possess very high safety levels, as in case of fault, the consequences are severe and might result on the dead of the patient. Nevertheless, these systems must have high degree of autonomy, as the patients physiology and behavior are constantly changing, and these changes impact directly the interactions between the VAD and the patient´s cardiovascular system. Thus, there is a pressing need to improve the design of safe and autonomous control systems for VADs. The present work proposes applying mechatronic concepts to the development of control systems for VADs, considering the nature of the fault indicating signals, as well as the Discrete Event Systems (DES) theory and through the application of tools for risk analysis, and fault diagnostic and treatment techniques aiming the development of control models based on modular and distributed architectures. Thereby, a VAD supervisory control architecture was developed, where the behavior variations of the patient´s circulatory system as well as of the VAD were taken into consideration. This control architecture features the diagnostic and treatment of faults, where methods for faults classification where developed, and according to the severity each fault is proposed a control system that performs the regeneration or degeneration of the VAD to a secure state and is according to medical standards and safety techniques. To achieve this goal is proposed a systematic for the design of the VAD control system considering the multidisciplinary context of the device. The foundation of this systematic is the performance of an effective risk analysis through the use of the toolset known vii as HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Studies). From the knowledge acquired about the system behavior during critical conditions, formal models are developed employing Bayesian Networks and Petri Nets for the diagnostic and treatment of faults. The behavior of the controlled VAD can be analyzed in two possible ways: (i) from in vitro experiments, through the use of simulation analysis tools and proper computational tools, as well as tests on real cardiovascular simulators, where the interactions between the VAD and the human circulatory system can be emulated; (ii) from in vivo experiments, animals can be used to simulate physical models of irregular heartbeat or heart failure and allow reliable valuations of the VAD implant. The proposed procedure was applied on the VAD development, which was performed by a team of researchers from the Escola Politécnica da USP and from the Instituto Dante Pazanesse de Cardiologia. Thus, is possible to achieve an autonomous and safe control system that complies with the applicable technical standards, as well as the strict project requirements for this class of system.

Atualmente, sabe-se que grande parte dos acidentes graves ocorridos envolvendo uma diversidade de sistemas como plataformas de petróleo, aeronaves ou plantas de processos industriais, poderiam ser evitados caso possuíssem dispositivos de controle projetados especificamente para manter a segurança durante a ocorrência de falhas no funcionamento dos mesmos. Por outro lado, observam-se complicações em realizar o controle de sistemas remotos em que é possível não haver garantia de monitoração em tempo real, como o caso de sondas espaciais ou robôs de exploração. Neste contexto, podem-se encontrar ambas as dificuldades no controle do funcionamento de um Dispositivo de Assistência Ventricular (DAV) que desempenha a função de auxiliar o bombeamento de sangue para o sistema circulatório de um paciente com insuficiência cardíaca. Este tipo de dispositivo, quando usado para terapia de destino, deve apresentar um elevado nível de segurança, pois, caso haja falha, o risco de morte é eminente. Por sua vez, o sistema deve apresentar um elevado índice de autonomia, já que as características comportamentais e fisiológicas de um paciente estão em constante mudança e afetam diretamente o modo como deve ocorrer a interação entre o DAV e o sistema cardiovascular do paciente. Sendo assim, há uma necessidade premente de aprimoramento do projeto de sistemas de controle de DAVs autônomos e seguros. A proposta do presente trabalho consiste em aplicar conceitos mecatrônicos para o projeto de um sistema de controle de DAVs e, considerando a natureza dos sinais que indicam a ocorrência de falhas, considerar a teoria de Sistemas a Eventos Discretos (SED), ferramentas de análise de risco e técnicas de diagnóstico e tratamento de falhas para a obtenção de modelos de controle considerando-se uma arquitetura modular e distribuída. Desta forma, foi desenvolvida uma arquitetura de controle supervisório para DAVs considerando características de variações de comportamento do sistema circulatório do paciente e do próprio DAV. Esta arquitetura de controle contempla o diagnóstico e tratamento de falhas desenvolvendo um método para a classificação de falhas e, de acordo com a severidade de cada uma delas é proposto um sistema de controle que atua na regeneração ou degeneração do DAV para um estado seguro, v observando, também, o cumprimento de normas médicas e técnicas de segurança. Para atingir este objetivo, propõe-se uma sistemática para o projeto do sistema de controle para DAVs considerando o aspecto multidisciplinar pertinente a este contexto. A base dessa sistemática consiste em realizar uma efetiva análise de risco do sistema utilizando a ferramenta de estudo HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Studies). A partir do conhecimento obtido sobre o comportamento do sistema em situações críticas desenvolvem-se modelos formais utilizando rede Bayesiana e rede de Petri para o diagnóstico e tratamento das possíveis falhas. O comportamento do DAV controlado pode ser analisado de duas formas: (i) a partir de ensaios in vitro utilizando técnicas de análise por simulação e ferramentas computacionais adequadas, além de testes em simuladores cardiovasculares físicos que emulam interação com o sistema circulatório humano; (ii) a partir de ensaios in vivo em animais que poderão ser utilizados para simular modelos físicos de insuficiência cardíaca e permitir uma avaliação fidedigna dos efeitos do implante do DAV. O procedimento proposto foi aplicado para um caso real de desenvolvimento de um DAV envolvendo uma equipe de pesquisadores da Escola Politécnica da USP e do Instituto Dante Pazanesse de Cardiologia. Assim, é possível obter-se um sistema de controle autônomo e seguro que atenda normas técnicas aderentes a esse assunto e os rigorosos requisitos de projeto impostos a essa classe de sistema. / Nowadays, it is kwon that the several of severe disasters compromising a great variety of systems such as oil platforms, aircrafts or industrial plants, could have been avoided if these systems had controllers designed specifically to maintain the safety levels in case of fault. On the other side, many complications are observed on performing the control of remote systems, where there is no guarantee of real time monitoring of the system, as in space probes or reconnaissance robots. In this context, both obstacles can be found on the control of ventricular assist devices (VAD), which have the role of assisting to pump the blood into the patients circulatory system, in case of irregular heartbeat or heart failure. Devices such as the VAD must possess very high safety levels, as in case of fault, the consequences are severe and might result on the dead of the patient. Nevertheless, these systems must have high degree of autonomy, as the patients physiology and behavior are constantly changing, and these changes impact directly the interactions between the VAD and the patient´s cardiovascular system. Thus, there is a pressing need to improve the design of safe and autonomous control systems for VADs. The present work proposes applying mechatronic concepts to the development of control systems for VADs, considering the nature of the fault indicating signals, as well as the Discrete Event Systems (DES) theory and through the application of tools for risk analysis, and fault diagnostic and treatment techniques aiming the development of control models based on modular and distributed architectures. Thereby, a VAD supervisory control architecture was developed, where the behavior variations of the patient´s circulatory system as well as of the VAD were taken into consideration. This control architecture features the diagnostic and treatment of faults, where methods for faults classification where developed, and according to the severity each fault is proposed a control system that performs the regeneration or degeneration of the VAD to a secure state and is according to medical standards and safety techniques. To achieve this goal is proposed a systematic for the design of the VAD control system considering the multidisciplinary context of the device. The foundation of this systematic is the performance of an effective risk analysis through the use of the toolset known vii as HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Studies). From the knowledge acquired about the system behavior during critical conditions, formal models are developed employing Bayesian Networks and Petri Nets for the diagnostic and treatment of faults. The behavior of the controlled VAD can be analyzed in two possible ways: (i) from in vitro experiments, through the use of simulation analysis tools and proper computational tools, as well as tests on real cardiovascular simulators, where the interactions between the VAD and the human circulatory system can be emulated; (ii) from in vivo experiments, animals can be used to simulate physical models of irregular heartbeat or heart failure and allow reliable valuations of the VAD implant. The proposed procedure was applied on the VAD development, which was performed by a team of researchers from the Escola Politécnica da USP and from the Instituto Dante Pazanesse de Cardiologia. Thus, is possible to achieve an autonomous and safe control system that complies with the applicable technical standards, as well as the strict project requirements for this class of system.

For 10 weeks, an online writing club was a place where seven children, ages 5 to 8, came together to co-construct a space for sharing favorite texts and composing practices. This study documents the ways that the writing club offered a space for children to construct shared literacy practices that allowed for new meaning-making, social relationships, and literate identities. As the researcher and facilitator of the writing club, I took up an inquiry as stance position, which provided a generative space for exploring the tensions between practice and theory. Additionally, literacy dig analysis provided an opportunity to understand the discursive elements of the popular culture texts that young children bring into their literacy practices. Taking up sociocultural and critical childhood frameworks as well as multiliteracies and multimodal models of literacy, I explored the following questions: How do young children narrate their identities and social worlds through text? What stories (narratives) and resources do young children value and take up when writing? How do young children take up the space of an informal, online writing group to pursue intellectual, social, cultural, and composing lives? Over the 10 weeks, the writing club developed into a space where telling jokes, grabbing a notebook to learn how to draw like Dav Pilkey, and creating a plan for surviving “infinity holes” signaled belonging. Children shared interests often deemed inappropriate for school spaces (e.g., consumer culture, violence, and video games) and took up ideas from popular culture (e.g., Minecraft, LOL and Calico dolls, and Captain Cage) in their composing practices. The literacies of the children in this study were mobilized by family participation, the shared and private spaces in homes, and opportunities to experiment outside of the constraints of school curricular goals and expectations. As the children engaged in transmedia and multimodal composing practices, new literate identities were revealed and established expertise in knowledge of popular culture and digital composing practices helped reposition how children were seen by their peers in the writing club. The social and composing practices of the young children in this online writing club have important implications for the ways we design writing spaces and curriculum for young children that center children’s culture, composing practices, and ways of knowing and being as important resources for teaching and learning.

La situation d’un patient trop malade pour une transplantation et qui est maintenu à long terme aux soins intensifs (SI) avec l’aide d’un dispositif d'assistance ventriculaire (DAV) peut évoluer de multiples façons. Malheureusement, plusieurs soignants vivent un malaise lorsque ce patient survit avec des complications, sans possibilité de transplantation cardiaque ni de retour à domicile. Par conséquent, différents buts thérapeutiques sont poursuivis au sein de l’équipe soignante. L’étude avait pour objectifs de cerner les buts poursuivis par les professionnels de la santé œuvrant auprès de ce type de patient, de clarifier les facteurs influençant les buts poursuivis et de mieux connaître les difficultés éprouvées par l’équipe soignante dans l’élaboration d’un but commun. La phénoménologie a été utilisée comme méthodologie de définition de la problématique. L’échantillon comprenait 12 participants représentant les infirmières, médecins et perfusionnistes d'une unité de SI, travaillant auprès de ce type de patient. Chacun des participants a fait l’objet d’une entrevue individuelle, semi-dirigée et enregistrée sur appareil audio. Il leur a d’abord été présenté une vignette à partir de laquelle ont été posées un certain nombre de questions identiques pour tous. Dans leurs réponses à ces questions, les participants ont eu la possibilité de s’exprimer autant sur leur expérience que sur le contexte du phénomène. Une seconde rencontre a été nécessaire afin de valider ou de corriger l’interprétation de ce que chacun avait exprimé durant l’entrevue. L'analyse des données témoigne d’un manque d’harmonie quant au but à poursuivre à l’égard du patient en question. Environ la moitié des participants visent la transplantation, alors que les autres poursuivent d’autres buts comme la sortie des SI, la limitation des traitements ou les soins palliatifs. Les participants sont influencés majoritairement par les volontés du patient, l'absence de mécanisme formel de communication entre eux et les facteurs professionnels tels que : les valeurs, les pratiques et l’environnement, sans oublier les rapports de pouvoir. Un certain nombre de barrières empêchent l’équipe de déterminer un but commun. Pour vaincre ces obstacles et s’entendre sur les buts à poursuivre en équipe, le développement de la communication multidisciplinaire s’impose. Pour y arriver, deux prérequis doivent être développés : l’intention éthique et l’engagement. / A non eligible transplant patient on long term ventricular assist device (VAD) support in intensive care unit (ICU), can evolve in multiple ways. Alot of health care professionnals live a malaise when the patient surves with complications without neither possibility of cardiaque transplantation nor return home. In consequence, defferent goals of care are pursued in the health care team. This is why, the researcher maintained all along the study, the objectives to understand the goals pursued by the health care professionnals working towards the particular patient, to clarify the factors influensing these pursued goals and to learn more on the health care team difficulties to elaborate a common goal. Phenomenology has been the method used to define the problem. Twelve participants working in ICU were included in the reasearch sample representing the nurses, physicians and perfusionists working towards the concerned patient. Each of the participants had collaborated to an individual, semi structured and audio recorded interview. First, the researcher presented a vignette with which she asked everyone a certain number of identical questions. The questions permitted the participants to express as much on there experience than on the context of the phenomenon. A second meeting has been necessary to validate or correct the interpretation of what has been expressed by each participant during the interview. The data analyisis testify a lack of continuity concerning the goal to pursue with the patient in question. Almost half of the participants aim for a transplantation when the rest of them pursue other goals like discharge of ICU, treatment limitation or paliative care. By a majority, the participants are influenced by the patient’s will, the absence of formal communication mecanism, profesionnal factors such as : values, practices and environment and power differential. Thus, health care profesionnals that would want to pursue a common team goal are facing a certain number of barriers. The resercher realises that to overcome these barriers, multidisciplinary communication has do be the driving force of team goal- setting. Although, to acheave this, two pre-requisits have to be developed: the ethical intention and the engagement.