abstract: 本文选取当前在学界和业界关注度较高的“新三板”企业作为研究对象，从融资效率和融资偏好角度实证了新三板企业当前的运行状况，补充了资本结构和融资效率的研究文献。利用二元选择回归以及分位数回归方法，探究了内部融资、债务融资以及权益融资偏好的影响因素。本文发现：1）对于内部融资，企业资产负债率越低、经营能力越强、盈利能力越好、抵押品越少以及公司成长性高的企业更倾向于使用内部融资，资产负债率对内部融资的负面影响边际增大；2）对于债务融资，资产负债率越低、盈利能力越好、经营能力越强、抵押品越多、公司成长性高的企业更倾向于使用债务融资；3）对于权益融资，盈利能力较差、经营能力较弱的企业更倾向于使用权益融资，而资本结构以及公司成长性对权益融资没有影响。分位数回归也发现，盈利能力、现金状况、总资产周转率、资产流动性、非债务税盾、民营企业以及公司成长性等变量对权益融资的影响较为稳定，提示公司的特征变量对权益融资并没有明显的主导作用。在融资效率上，本文也发现：1）于2012年挂牌新三板的企业整体融资效率不高，DEA融资效率为有效的企业占比仅为10%左右；但融资效率在逐年持续改善，表现出一个较好的发展势头。并且，对于做市转让的企业来说，2014年由协议转让改为做市转让以后，融资相对有效的企业数量增长明显快于协议转让企业，表明采用做市转让的企业融资效率优于采用协议转让的企业。2）市场整体融资规模并未达到挂牌企业的需求，导致一半以上企业尚未达到最优的生产经营状态，仍需要资金来增加生产资料的投入，以扩大生产规模获取规模收益。对于做市转让的企业来说，在2014年由协议转让改为做市转让以后，规模报酬递增的企业数量占比下降更快，表明做市转让制度要比协议转让制度从融资效率角度更能满足新三板企业的融资需求。 / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2019

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(エネルギー科学) / 甲第20015号 / エネ博第338号 / 新制||エネ||68(附属図書館) / 33111 / 京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー社会・環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 石原 慶一, 教授 宇根﨑 博信, 准教授 MCLELLAN Benjamin / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Energy Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

O objetivo deste trabalho à testar um mÃtodo alternativo para formaÃÃo de carteiras eficientes, a partir da classificaÃÃo da eficiÃncia tÃcnica das aÃÃes negociadas na BOVESPA no perÃodo de outubro/1998 a setembro/2003, utilizando-se o modelo nÃo paramÃtrico de AnÃlise EnvoltÃria de Dados.Para formaÃÃo de carteiras eficientes, à utilizado a teoria das carteiras de Markowitz, comparando o modelo DEA e Elton-Gruber de seleÃÃo de ativos para composiÃÃo das carteiras Ãtimas. Para tanto, foi feito cotaÃÃo dos preÃos mÃdios diÃrios das aÃÃes negociadas na BOVESPA, para estabelecer os indicadores de eficiÃncia. Comparando-se os mÃtodos, verificouse uma melhor performance da carteira formada utilizando a metodologia DEA em relaÃÃo ao tradicional modelo Elton-Gruber, obtendo-se um melhor nÃvel de retorno em relaÃÃo ao mesmo nÃvel de risco das carteiras. / The purpose of this paper is testing an alternative method to create an efficient portfolio, from the technical efficiency ranking of the bonds negociated in BOVESPA from october/1998 to september/2003, using the non parametric model of data envelopment analysis.To the creating of efficient portfolios, is using the Markowitz portfolio theory, comparing to the selecting assets to the composition of best portfolios DEA model from Elton Grubber. To establish the index of efficiency was calculated the average prices quotation of bonds negociated in Bovespa. Comparing the methods, it was verified the best erformance of portfolios using the DEA methodology in relation to the traditional Elton Gruber model to get a best level of return compared to the risk of portfolios.

Yes / Undesirable outputs can be challenging to avoid in the production of goods and services, often overlooked. Pollution is generally regarded as a negative externality and is taken into account during the production process. The novelty of this study lies in introducing CO2 as an economic “bad” in the energy sector's efficiency measure through a stochastic data envelopment analysis (DEA) cross-efficiency model. Unlike pollution and economic goods, where increased production leads to more pollution, CO2 is weakly disposable, meaning that higher CO2 values lead to a decrease in the number of good outputs produced. The study proposes a new stochastic model based on an extension of the cross-efficiency model and applies it to measure the energy efficiency of 32 thermal power plants in Angola in the presence of undesirable outputs. This will help promote better environmental management. The study's findings offer vital policy insights for the energy sector. The introduction of new stochastic models enables more accurate efficiency measurement under uncertain conditions, aiding policymakers in resource allocation decisions. Additionally, the adoption of stochastic cross-efficiency methods enhances performance assessments, facilitating targeted interventions for underperforming units. These findings contribute to evidence-based policymaking, promoting sustainability and competitiveness within the energy sector.

This thesis deals with DEA models (Data envelopment analysis), which are models for measuring the efficiency of peer decision making units (DMUs). First part focus on basic DEA models (CCR model, BCC model) and this part is extended by new CH-CCR model, which considering that the variables (inputs or outputs) are usually strongly correlated. In second part is included description of network-based models, which are afterwards applicated on data of FRS CR (Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic). Using this models is solved efficiency of FRS CR through the regions.