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Jakes Creek, Delaware County, Indiana, near Muncie, was investigated between July 5, and November 23, 1969. The purpose of the analysis was to determine the water quality of the stream throughout its twelve kilometer length.Twelve stations were established to analyze the effects of the pollution entering from field tiles and tributaries. Where Jakes Creek enters Killbuck Creek two stations were established, one above and one below the confluence.Physical and chemical tests, and biological indicators were utilized in concluding the following: (1) The major source of the pollution is from the South Branch of Jakes Creek where field drainage tiles carry large volumes of raw sewage. (2) Another source of pollution which flows into the North Branch is from a field tile carrying effluent from a local dairy. (3) Raw sewage enters the stream throughout its length from small tributaries. This sewage supports andenhances the coliform bacteria population. (4) The water is unsuitable for drinking by either humans or domestic stock (Public Health Service Publication No. 956, 1962). Neither should it be used by humans for partial or whole body contact (Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board, 1967). (5) Based on California State Mater Pollution Board criteria the water of Jakes Creek can legally be deemed polluted.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

Det råder i dagens läge en hård konkurrens mellan såväl bolag på den inre marknaden som mellan olika regioner. Möjligheten till ökat samarbete mellan bolag från olika EU-länder är en viktig del i att stärka Europas och de europeiska bolagens konkurrenskraftighet, vilket exempelvis kan göras genom gränsöverskridande fusioner. Det tionde bolagsdirektivet är således tänkt att möjliggöra och underlätta sammanslagningar av bolag från olika medlemsländer. Den 13 december 2005 kom det dock en dom från EG-domstolen som i viss mån kan tänkas underminera tanken bakom det tionde bolagsdirektivet. I Sevic Systems-domen, uttalar nämligen EG-domstolen att det ändå, trots att det tionde bolagsdirektivet ej ännu trätt i kraft, är möjligt att genomföra en gränsöverskridande fusion mellan två bolag, även om ett sådant förfarande ej är möjligt enligt de berörda ländernas lagstiftningar. Detta uttalande öppnar för en diskussion om hur nödvändigt det tionde bolagsdirektivet egentligen kommer att vara och om det verkligen behövs en harmonisering på området.

The Woodford Shale is an important unconventional oil and gas resource. It can act as a source rock, seal and reservoir, and may have significant elastic anisotropy, which would greatly affect seismic response. Understanding how anisotropy may affect the seismic response of the Woodford Shale is important in processing and interpreting surface reflection seismic data. The objective of this study is to identify the differences between isotropic and anisotropic seismic responses in the Woodford Shale, and to understand how these anisotropy parameters and physical properties influence the resultant synthetic seismograms. I divide the Woodford Shale into three different units based on the data from the Pioneer Reliance Triple Crown #1 (RTC #1) borehole, which includes density, gamma ray, resistivity, sonic, dipole sonic logs, part of imaging (FMI) logs, elemental capture spectroscopy (ECS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) data from core samples. Different elastic parameters based on the well log data are used as input models to generate synthetic seismograms. I use a vertical impulsive source, which generates P-P, P-SV and SV-SV waves, and three component receivers for synthetic modeling. Sensitivity study is performed by assuming different anisotropic scenarios in the Woodford Shale, including vertical transverse isotropy (VTI), horizontal transverse isotropy (HTI) and orthorhombic anisotropy. Through the simulation, I demonstrate that there are notable differences in the seismic response between isotropic and anisotropic models. Three different types of elastic waves, i.e., P-P, P-SV and SV-SV waves respond differently to anisotropy parameter changes. Results suggest that multicomponent data might be useful in analyzing the anisotropy for the surface seismic data. Results also indicate the sensitivity offset range might be helpful in determining the location for prestack seismic amplitude analysis. All these findings demonstrate the potentially useful sensitivity parameters to the seismic data. The paucity of data resources limits the evaluation of the anisotropy in the Woodford. However, the seismic modeling with different type of anisotropy assumptions leads to understand what type of anisotropy and how this anisotropy affects the change of seismic data. / text

Groundwater affects the development of soil in many ways. Due to the natural relationship between soil and groundwater this study was aimed at determining whether soils affect the water table depth, episaturation occurs, and hydric soils exist at the study site. The three soils studied include Pewamo (poorly drained), Blount (somewhat poorly drained) and Glynwood (moderately well drained).Water table data were collected in 1994 and 1995 at the Hults Environmental Learning Center in Albany, Indiana. Soil, by itself, was not found to be significant in affecting water table depth whereas position (horizon), soil by position and Julian date were all found to be highly significant. Soils were affected by existing drainage tile found in Pewamo that acted to lower the water table. Blount and Glynwood were found to have a period of episaturation whereas Pewamo was found to be endosaturated. The soils were not found to be hydric based on the depth to the water table only. / Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management

Access to abstract permanently restricted to Ball State community only / Ideologue, pedagogue, pragmatic : homeschooling factions take shape on the national stage, 1970s-2010 -- Building a homeschool movement in Indiana and Delaware County, 1980-2010 -- Homeschooling at the grassroots : an ethnography of selected practitioners in Delaware County, 2001-2010. / Access to thesis permanently restricted to Ball State community only / Department of History

The nutritional status of forty-five women aged 71 to 89 years, who met defined health criteria, was assessed by an analysis of three-day diet records and anthropometric measurements. Subjects were grouped, according to the average caloric intake at home <75%> of daily intake to reflect the dependency of the subjects. Subjects were also divided into seven groups according to the site from which they were recruited.For the total population, there was no correlation between calorie intake per day and age, and there were negative correlations between age and all of the measures of body composition. In addition, a higher intake of calories per kg was negatively correlated with weight, suggesting that the heavier subjects had proportionately lower levels of caloric intake per kg of body weight.There were no significant differences in the risk for protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) among the healthy elderly women who were subjects of this study as measured by an analysis of their dietary intake and anthropometric status, and based upon their dependency on others for <_75%> of their average daily caloric intake. It is concluded that for this population, source of food at home or away, as an indication of dependency, did not significantly affect nutritional status.When grouped according to the site from which they were reecruited, subjects in two of the groups were found to have the potential for malnutrition. Subjects in one of the groups had poor intakes of vitamins and minerals, but adequate body fat and somatic protein stores, and were not at risk for PCM. However, subjects in the other group appeared to have good diets and adequate fat mass, but very low muscle protein stores, and were at significant risk for PCM.The role of socioeconomic factors were minimal in this population as the two groups found to be at greatest risk were those observed to be near opposite ends of the socioeconomic spectrum. Therefore, it is concluded that upper income elderly are as much at risk for PCM as those in lower income groups, and that women in upper socioeconomic groups must be assessed for risk for PCM.It is apparent that the nutritional needs of most of the healthy elderly women in the study were being met. For those groups found to be potentially at risk, there was a possibility that they may not have been as healthy as was indicated, suggesting that risk for PCM is more a function of poor health which results in associated dependency. / Department of Home Economics

Low socioeconomic families must make many difficult decisions when purchasing foods for their family. As a result, many low-income families base their diets on less expensive, nutrient-poor convenience foods. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the impact of a virtual grocery shopping tour on the ability of low-income Delaware County adults to understand and use the Nutrition Facts Panel. Twenty-one low-income adults participated in the virtual grocery tour that focused on how to use the Nutrition Facts Panel to select healthier food items. Results indicated participants’ confidence in their ability to “use the Nutrition Facts Panel” (7.0 ± 3.5 vs. 9.2 ± 1.8; t=2.53, p=0.021) and to identify a low sodium breakfast cereal (t=3.375; p=0.003) increased after the intervention. However, there was no increase in the participants’ confidence to choose healthy items at the grocery store (t=1.34; p=0.196) or in their ability to identify if a cereal was “high” in fiber (t=1.714; p=0.104), “high” in iron (t=0.438; p=0.667), or a “good” source (e.g., 10-19% DV) of calcium (t=0.438; t=0.667). Future efforts should focus on a narrower curriculum so as not to overwhelm participants. / Department of Family and Consumer Sciences

This research was conducted to determine the effects of commercially available nitrifying bacteria in a constructed wetland. The study was conducted at Paws, Inc., near Desoto, Indiana during the summer of 1995. The wetland, called Solar Aquatics Treatment System (SAS), was developed by Ecological Engineering Associates and constructed in a, greenhouse. The commercial nitrifying bacteria (Bacta-Pur), contained Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter Spp. and have been added to the wetland for the past five years to aid in the removal of nitrogen.Water samples were taken from the wetland and analyzed for ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, dissolved oxygen, hydrogen ion concentrations and water temperature from Monday through Friday for three weeks. A baseline was established from these samples. After three weeks of testing the addition of Bacta-Pur to the wetland was discontinued.To determine whether these additional bacteria were needed, testing without the Bacta-Pur was conducted for three weeks. These samples were collected and analyzed for the same parameters as those used to establish baseline information.Ammonia concentrations were significantly lower without the addition of Bacta-Pur bacteria. There were no significant differences for concentrations of nitrite and nitrate. The water temperature was higher in the three weeks when no Bacta-Pur was added. This was due to the increase in ambient temperature which caused the water temperature in the SAS to increase. Since the nitrogen compounds either remained the same or decreased in concentration at the effluent without the addition of bacteria, the addition of Bacta-Pur is not needed in order to remain in compliance with EPA regulations for effluent standards.A container experiment was conducted to provide an' environment that had no introduced bacteria before the addition of Bacta-Pur. There were no significant differences for the nitrogen compounds between wastewater samples with addition and without addition of Bacta-Pur bacteria. / Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management

Thirty-seven samples were taken from the water, step access and air/water interface surfaces of 10 commercial whirlpools in Delaware and Madison Counties, Indiana between September and March of 1986-1988. Dermatophytes were isolated from 19 of the samples, representing 51%. At least three species of the yeast genus Candid. were isolated from 13 (35%) of these samples. Fifty-eight percent of all dermatophytes isolated were found in male-only whirlpools, as were nearly 62% of all Candida species. Isolated dermatophytes included Trichophyton rubrum, T. menta,grophytes, T. tonsurans, T. verrucosum, Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum nanum, and one Trichophvton species. Whirlpools were grouped based on similarity of fungi isolated from each facility. Male whirlpools sorted into one group, except for one that clustered with female facilities. Coliform bacteria were found in 43% of all samples, and blue-green fluorescent pseudomonads were found in 54% of all samples. Most dermatophytes were isolated from the step access surface of the facilities tested, and more Candida species were isolated from the water than from either surface tested. / Department of Biology