The following research records the functionality of collections of wealthy individuals in an effort to clarify the current system of collection categorization. Although many functions were indeed possible, this research will be restricted to the discussion of collections in which objects reveal the collector’s devotional, social, and intellectual curiosity. These classifications reflect the most prevalent themes initiated by my research on collections of royal and affluent collectors during the Early Modern Period, and as such are the three most rational means of discussing collections as functional, working, tools.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Background: Lower incisor proclination has been shown to increase during Class II correction with appliances such as the Forsus. This lower incisor flaring shows great variability among patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Class II severity, mandibular growth, and occlusal plane rotation on lower incisor flaring in patients treated with the Forsus appliance. Materials and Methods: 121 records of Class II patients treated with the Forsus appliance were analyzed retrospectively. Cephalograms were traced at three time points. ANOVA was used to compare changes in cephalometric measurements over time. Pearson’s correlation was used to test for relationships between variables. Multiple regression tested for correlation between multiple variables. Results/Conclusions: Lower incisor flaring during Class II correction with the Forsus appliance was only weakly associated with sex, molar relationship change, and occlusal plane steepening. There was no correlation between the change in lower incisor proclination and mandibular growth.

English Abstract Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) is a membrane metallopeptidase expressed in many human tissues, predominantly in prostate, brain and small intestine. In brain it cleaves the most abundant peptide neurotransmitter N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-α-L-glutamate into N-acetyl-L-aspartate and free L-glutamate. Thus, GCPII participates in glutamate excitotoxicity through the release of free glutamate into the synaptic cleft. Inhibition of this activity has been shown to be neuroprotective in rats. In the human jejunal brush border, GCPII cleaves off terminal glutamate moieties from poly-γ-glutamylated folates, which can be then transported across the intestinal mucosa. The function of GCPII in human prostate is unknown but it is overexpressed in prostate cancer. Therefore, GCPII is an important marker of prostate cancer and its progression.Moreover, it could become a perspective target for treatment of prostate cancer as well as neuronal disorders associated with glutamate excitotoxicity. For the development and testing of novel drugs and therapeutics it is necessary to have an appropriate animal model. Mouse (Mus musculus) is such a model and it is widely used by many experimentators. However, no detailed comparison of mouse and human GCPII orthologs regarding their enzymatic activity, inhibition...

In this diploma thesis is compared effectiveness of problem-based and traditional education of high school students as an example of thematical unit ?human respiration?. The effectiveness was compared with research work contains pretest,posttest I and posttest II. Student`s test`s results were statistical evaluated with two-sample tests and correlation analysis. This diploma thesis also contains preparations for both education alternatives and practical exercises (including presentation in PowerPoint) and czech and foreign autohors opinions of problem-based education and the effectivness of school.

This work deals with Carl Luython's madrigal composition. Carl Luython was composer and organist at the court of Rudolph II. Part of this work is a critical edition of the first book of madrigals of Carl Luython and deeper analytical probe into the two selected madrigals: Due rose fresche a Io mi rivolgo indietro. Key words Luython, Petrarca, Rudolph II., Prague, madrigal, edition, analysis

It was shown that 95 % of human multi-exon genes are alternatively spliced and the regulation of alternative splicing is extremely complex. Most pre-mRNA splicing events occur co- transcriptionally and there is increasing body of evidence, that chromatin modifications play an important role in the regulation of alternative splicing. Here we showed that inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) modulates alternative splicing of ~700 genes via induction of histone H4 acetylation and increase of Pol II elongation rate along alternative region. We identified HDAC1 the catalytic activity of which is responsible for changes in alternative splicing. Then, we analyzed whether acetylhistone binding protein Brd2 regulates alternative splicing and showed that Brd2 occupies promoter regions of targeted genes and controls alternative splicing of ~300 genes. Later we showed that knockdown of histone acetyltransferase p300 promotes inclusion of the alternative fibronectin (FN1) EDB exon. p300 associates with CRE sites in the promoter via the CREB transcription factor. We created mini-gene reporters driven by an artificial promoter containing CRE sites. Both deletion and mutation of the CRE site affected EDB alternative splicing in the same manner as the p300 knockdown. Next we showed that p300 controls histone...

Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Aneta Karešová Supervisor: PharmDr. Anna Jirkovská, PhD. Title of diploma thesis: DNA-protein covalent complexes detection as the means for the assessment of the DNA damage induced by topoisomerase poisons. Topoisomerase II is essential cellular enzyme, which modifies the secondary structure of DNA. By introducing a temporary double strand break to DNA it relieves a structural tension raised during transcription and translation. Absolutely indispensable is the role of topoisomerase II in the separation of sister chromatids synthesized in the S-phase of the cell cycle. The mechanism of DNA cleavage involves a covalent bond formed between active site tyrosine and 5' phosphate on both of the DNA strands and through the formed break the other strand or the other DNA molecule can pass. After that, the DNA strands are rejoined and topoisomerase II is detached. The indispensability of topoisomerase II mainly for proliferating cells makes it a great target for the antineoplastic drugs and the molecules belonging to the class of topoisomerase II inhibitors (etoposide, anthracyclines) are amongst the most useful anticancer drugs in the clinical practice. These clinically used "topoisomerase...

Au cours des siècles passés, la plupart des pays émergents, ont connu de graves crises bancaires. Depuis lors, ces pays nécessitent pour tant une attention particulière étant donné qu’ils sont caractérises par des marches financiers sous développes, une opacité accrue au sein de systèmes bancaires fragiles, un volume important de créances douteuses et litigieuses et parfois un environnement légal, institutionnel et réglementaire inadéquat. De là s'est posée la question sur le rôle de la réglementation bancaire comme un mécanisme indispensable pour prévenir le risque systémique, pour éviter les conséquences négatives de paniques et au maintien de la stabilité financière. Ce qui nous amène dans un premier temps, à étudier les causes et les facteurs explicatifs de la fragilité du système bancaire dans les pays émergents. Ensuite, nous citons une revue de la littérature théorique sur les fondements de la crise bancaire. Dans un second temps, nous présentons les fondements théoriques de la réglementation bancaire et son évolution. Suit à l’étude des aspects théoriques sur les fondements de la réglementation bancaire, nous allons étudier les effets de cadre réglementaire et du supervisons sur la probabilité d’occurrence des crises bancaires dans les pays émergents. Ensuite, nous effectuons une analyse descriptive des spécificités réglementaires et de supervision des secteurs bancaires dans les pays émergents, sur 21 pays d’Asie de l’Est, d’Europe et Asie centrale, et de Moyen orient et Afrique de Nord. Afin de compléter cette étude, nous réalisons un modèle Logit pour déterminer les variables explicatives de supervision et de réglementation qui expliquent le plus les crises bancaires. / Most of the emerging countries have experienced severe banking crises over the centuries which require them now to pay more attention. These countries are characterized by underdeveloped financial markets, increased opacity in fragile banking systems, a huge amount of bad and doubtful debts, and sometimes an inadequate legal, institutional and regulatory environment. This rises up the question of the role of banking regulation as an essential mechanism needed to prevent systemic risk, and to avoid the negative consequences of maintaining a financial stability. Seeking the answer for the latter question, we study here the causes and factors that explain well the fragility of the banking system in emerging countries, including a literature study on the theoretical foundations of the banking crisis, and the evolution of banking regulation. Moreover, a study on the effects of regulatory framework, and oversee of the banking crises probability in emerging markets is presented. Later, we perform a descriptive analysis of the specific regulatory and supervision of banking systems in emerging countries. This includes 21 countries from Europe East and Central, South Asia, and North Africa. Finally, we introduce a new logit model to determine the predictions of supervision and regulation that explain most of the banking crises in the presented countries.