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I have submitted another pdf file which is my permissions for figures used in my thesis. The name this file is Clearance. / Nickel Hydroxide is one of highly active materials used in various energy conversion applications. One of the key factors in the deposition of Ni(OH)2 is the active surface area which plays an important role in improving the efficiency of transformation reactions. There are various methods to enhance the active area. One method that can be used to modify the morphology of deposited Ni(OH)2 is to generate porous structures. Ni(OH)2 can be formed in two different phases namely alpha and beta. The main objective in our work is to optimize the synthesis conditions and characterize structures at the nanoscale, and also demonstrate unequivocally the presence of alpha and beta phases. For this work, a combination of electron microscopy and electrochemistry is needed to modify the morphology of nickel hydroxide and for detailed structural characterization. Various characterization techniques are used to investigate different electrochemical depositions conditions of Ni(OH)2 in alpha and beta phase forms using Direct and Indirect methods, respectively. Kinetically, alpha-Ni(OH)2 is easier and faster to be synthesized and can be deposited directly in one step. During cyclic voltammetry of alpha-Ni(OH)2 in KOH, the volume of material involved in the oxidation reaction increases in every cycle. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy characterization shows that this may be due to microbubble formation that transform deposited sheets to particulate shapes. On the other hand, conversion of nickel metal to beta-Ni(OH)2 during cyclic voltammetry causes an expansion of particles. Effectively, nickel hydroxide is formed on the shell while nickel remains in the core. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy is then used to identify the distribution of these phases. Another foremost feature for the beta phase is to make nickel metal in any desired shape, which can then be converted to beta-Ni(OH)2 through Cyclic Voltammetry in KOH. The presence of both phases is demonstrated with electron diffraction. Finally, as future work, all experiments will be performed in-situ TEM using liquid cell to observe structural changes in real time. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

The ability of simple oligopeptide complexes of nickel (II) to react with various dioxygen intermediates was investigated. Under physiological conditions, nickel (II)-histidine-containing oligopeptides were found to dismutate superoxide anions and disproportionate hydrogen peroxide. In the latter process, chemiluminescence was generated and a strongly oxidizing intermediate was detected capable of oxidizing uric acid, hydroxylating p-nitrophenol, and damaging 2-deoxy-D-ribose. The generation of this reactive intermediate likely occurs without the involvement of free hydroxyl radicals derived from Haber-Weiss or Fenton-type reactions. In addition, the Ni(II) complex of glycylglycyl-L-histidine (GGH) was found to react with mollecular oxygen resulting in the oxidation of the ligand. An attempt was made to relate these reactions to the involvement: of the nickel(III)/(II) redox couple which was shown to exist under physiological conditions. Similar reactivity was observed for non-histidine-containing oligopeptides but higher pH values were required. The oligopeptides used not only represent biologically relevant ligands but: the histidine containing oligopeptides mimics the specific copper(II)/nickel(II) binding and transport site of human serum albumin. The observations made in this study suggest some novel mechanism for the deleterious effects associated with excessive lifelong exposure to nickel compounds, especially in relation to cancer of the respiratory tract. / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)

This thesis argues that cookbooks and cooking literature prescribed domesticity, specifically linked to the kitchen, as an obligation for American women in World War II. Building on the work of culinary historians and gender scholars, I argue that the government enlisted women as "kitchen citizens." In contrast to the obligations of male military service, government propaganda, commercially-published cookbooks, community cookbooks, and agriculture extension pamphlets used understandings of middle-class femininity to prescribe women's identity and role in the war effort as homemakers. Despite the popular memory of wartime women as Rosie-the-Riveters, this thesis suggests that working outside the home was a temporary and secondary identity. During World War II, cooking literature re-linked women's work inside the home to political significance and defined women's domestic responsibilities as an obligation of American female citizenship. / Master of Arts

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Hypertension and diabetes have long been closely linked. As such, the major player in the renin, angiotensin system, angiotensin II, has recently been investigated for its effects on metabolism and diabetes. Since skeletal muscle is one of the most metabolically active tissues, this study investigates the effects of angiotensin II specifically on skeletal muscle. In this study, L6 skeletal muscle cells were treated with angiotensin II for either 3 or 24 hours and a number of effects were investigated. Fatty acid oxidation and lipid synthesis was measured using [1-14C]-palmitate, glucose oxidation and glycogen synthesis were measured using 14C-glucose. In addition,mitochondrial oxidative capacity was measured using an XF 24 Flux Analyzer (Seahorse Bioscience) and reactive oxygen species measured using confocal microscopy. The clinical study involving the drug Benicar ® investigated the metabolic effects of blocking angiotensin II on skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation, glucose oxidation, and oxidative and glycolytic enzyme activity. In L6 cells, angiotensin II significantly reduced fatty acid oxidation after 24 hours (p<0.01) and 3 hours (p<0.001) if angiotensin II was present during oxidation experiments. It also significantly reduced mitochondrial oxidative capacity (p<0.05) after 24 hours and significantly increased reactive oxygen species production (p<0.05) over 3 hours. The clinical study showed no significant effects of Benicar® on fatty acid or glucose oxidation or any enzyme activities. / Master of Science

This thesis examines how the United States federal government used public relations to improve the diets of everyday Americans during World War II. The government invested in several years of research, led by Margaret Mead, to understand the competing forces that influence dietary habits, choice, and folkways. Information about healthy eating was distributed to media and food companies along with other messages about rationing restrictions and compliance. A vestige of that time that still exists today is the USDA's Recommended Dietary Allowances. This study examines cookbooks, newspaper and magazine articles as examples of how nutrition information was presented. The study finds that the government chose not to prioritize nutrition messages as part of their overall PR strategy, but the messages were embraced by private industry and integrated into promotional materials. The addition of this story to public relations history challenges current PR histories as it demonstrates a comprehensive campaign that integrated research, planning, implementation, and evaluation of those efforts. / MA / Forty percent of draftees were rejected from service in World War II because they suffered from malnutrition-related diseases. This inspired the government to find a way to encourage Americans to eat healthier, and led to the development of the Recommended Dietary Allowances. A team of social scientists led by Margaret Mead researched how culture might influence eating choices, and this paper investigates that research as well as how nutrition information was communicated in newspapers, magazines and cookbooks. This paper finds that while the government did not prioritize nutrition messages, corporate food producers integrated the government’s nutrition guidelines into their own advertising enthusiastically.