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Particle Filter Based Track Before Detect Algorithm For Tracking Of Dim Moving TargetsSabuncu, Murat 01 February 2012 (has links) (PDF)
In this study Track Before Detect (TBD) approach will be analysed for tracking of dim moving
targets. First, a radar setup is presented in order to introduce the radar range equation and
signal models. Then, preliminary information is given about particle filters. As the main
algorithm of this thesis, a multi-model particle filter method is developed in order to solve
the non-linear non-Gaussian Bayesian estimation problem. Probability of target existence
and RMS estimation accuracy are defined as the performance parameters of the algorithm for
very low SNR targets. Simulation results are provided and performance analysis is presented
as a conclusion.
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Geographic variation in behaviour and dim light adaptation in Cyrba algerina (Araneae, Salticidae)Cerveira, Ana M. January 2007 (has links)
Cyrba algerina is a salticid (Salticidae) spider that lives on the undersides of stones. Two populations were studied, Sintra and Algarve (Portugal), and shown to have similar phenology but different dominant prey. Life cycle in the laboratory was similar for the two populations, but Sintra matured at larger size than Algarve individuals, with these differences potentially having a genetic basis. Sintra individuals used prey-specific prey-capture behaviour against allopatric (Oecobius amboseli) and sympatric (O. machadoi, Trachyzelotes bardiae) spider and insect (bristletails) species. In contrast, Algarve C. algerina only adopted specialised capture behaviour against bristletails. Sintra, but not Algarve, individuals responded to the odour of O. machadoi and T. bardiae, and showed preference for T. bardiae over O. machadoi. Interpopulation variation in the use of specific prey-capture behaviour and in sensitivity to odour cues from prey is directly related to the prey available to individuals from each population, suggesting local adaptation to local prey. Preference for oecobiids seems to be controlled by an experiencetriggered developmental switch. The optics and histology of C. algerina’s principal eye suggest that living in a microhabitat with dim ambient light has favoured sensitivity at the expense of spatial acuity. Short focal length, reduced power of the eye’s diverging lens, and wide, contiguous rhabdomeres, seem to minimise the visual constraints imposed by the low light levels in C. algerina’s microhabitat. While relying solely on vision, C. algerina can detect, identify and capture prey in dim-light conditions under which other salticids perform poorly. C. algerina’s behaviour suggest use of temporal summation to improve its visual performance in dim light.
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CHALLENGES AND POSSIBILITIES IN EMERGENCY EDUCATION: INSIGHTS FOR MATHS TEACHING AND LEARNING AT A JOHANNESBURG REFUGEE SCHOOLPausigere, Peter 20 March 2012 (has links)
No description available.
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Processus matriciels : simulation et modélisation de la dépendance en financeAhdida, Abdelkoddousse 01 December 2011 (has links)
La première partie de cette thèse est consacrée à la simulation des équations différentielles stochastiques définies sur le cône des matrices symétriques positives. Nous présentons de nouveaux schémas de discrétisation d'ordre élevé pour ce type d'équations différentielles stochastiques, et étudions leur convergence faible. Nous nous intéressons tout particulièrement au processus de Wishart, souvent utilisé en modélisation financière. Pour ce processus nous proposons à la fois un schéma exact en loi et des discrétisations d'ordre élevé. A ce jour, cette méthode est la seule qui soit utilisable quels que soient les paramètres intervenant dans la définition de ces modèles. Nous montrons, par ailleurs, comment on peut réduire la complexité algorithmique de ces méthodes et nous vérifions les résultats théoriques sur des implémentations numériques. Dans la deuxième partie, nous nous intéressons à des processus à valeurs dans l'espace des matrices de corrélation. Nous proposons une nouvelle classe d'équations différentielles stochastiques définies dans cet espace. Ce modèle peut être considéré comme une extension du modèle Wright-Fisher (ou processus Jacobi) àl'espace des matrice de corrélation. Nous étudions l'existence faible et forte des solutions. Puis, nous explicitons les liens avec les processus de Wishart et les processus de Wright-Fisher multi-allèles. Nous démontrons le caractère ergodique du modèle et donnons des représentations de Girsanov susceptibles d'être employées en finance. En vue d'une utilisation pratique, nous explicitons deux schémas de discrétisation d'ordre élevé. Cette partie se conclut par des résultats numériques illustrant le comportement de la convergence de ces schémas. La dernière partie de cette thèse est consacrée à l'utilisation des ces processus pour des questions de modélisation multi-dimensionnelle en finance. Une question importante de modélisation, aujourd'hui encore difficile à traiter, est l'identification d'un type de modèle permettant de calibrer à la fois le marché des options sur un indice et sur ses composants. Nous proposons, ici, deux types de modèles : l'un à corrélation locale et l'autre à corrélation stochastique. Dans ces deux cas, nous expliquons quelle procédure on doit adopter pour obtenir une bonne calibration des données de marché / After a short introduction (in French) to the multi dimensional modelling for index pricing problems, the first part of the thesis treats the simulation of stochastic differential equations defined on the cone of symmetric positive semi-definite matrices. Indeed, we present several second order discretization schemes associated to a general class of affine processes defined on $posm.$ We study also their weak convergence. We pay a special attention to Wishart processes, which are considered as a particular case of this class and have been frequently used in finance. In this case, we give an exact scheme and a third order discretization one. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first exact sampling of the Wishart distribution without any restrictions on its parameters. Some algorithm are proposed in order to enhance all scheme in term of computation of time. We show numerical illustrations of our convergence and compare it to the theoretical rate. We then focus on other type of processes defined on the correlation matrix space. For this purposes, We propose a new stochastic differential equation defined on $crr.$ We prove the weak and the strong existence of such solutions. These processes are considered as the extension of Wright-Fisher processes (or Jacobi process) on correlation matrices. We shed light on a useful connection with Wishart processes and Wright-Fisher multi-allèles. Moreover, we explicitly present their moments, which enable us to describe the ergodic limit. Other results about Girsanov representations are also given. Finally, in order to use these processes in practice, we propose second order discretization schemes based on two different methods. Numerical experiments are presented to show the convergence. The last part is devoted to multi dimension modelling in finance for baskets and indices pricing. After giving a mathematical analysis of models defined either by the correlation matrix or in the positive semi-definite semi positive one, we ask if we find the adequate structure of correlation models which is able to calibrate both the index options market and the single options market related to each component of this index. For this purpose, we propose two types of modelling, the first uses a local model correlation and the second derives from a pure stochastic correlation model. Moreover, we explain different routines that have been used for improved calibration
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Processus matriciels : simulation et modélisation de la dépendance en financeAhdida, Abdelkoddousse, Ahdida, Abdelkoddousse 01 December 2011 (has links) (PDF)
La première partie de cette thèse est consacrée à la simulation des équations différentielles stochastiques définies sur le cône des matrices symétriques positives. Nous présentons de nouveaux schémas de discrétisation d'ordre élevé pour ce type d'équations différentielles stochastiques, et étudions leur convergence faible. Nous nous intéressons tout particulièrement au processus de Wishart, souvent utilisé en modélisation financière. Pour ce processus nous proposons à la fois un schéma exact en loi et des discrétisations d'ordre élevé. A ce jour, cette méthode est la seule qui soit utilisable quels que soient les paramètres intervenant dans la définition de ces modèles. Nous montrons, par ailleurs, comment on peut réduire la complexité algorithmique de ces méthodes et nous vérifions les résultats théoriques sur des implémentations numériques. Dans la deuxième partie, nous nous intéressons à des processus à valeurs dans l'espace des matrices de corrélation. Nous proposons une nouvelle classe d'équations différentielles stochastiques définies dans cet espace. Ce modèle peut être considéré comme une extension du modèle Wright-Fisher (ou processus Jacobi) àl'espace des matrice de corrélation. Nous étudions l'existence faible et forte des solutions. Puis, nous explicitons les liens avec les processus de Wishart et les processus de Wright-Fisher multi-allèles. Nous démontrons le caractère ergodique du modèle et donnons des représentations de Girsanov susceptibles d'être employées en finance. En vue d'une utilisation pratique, nous explicitons deux schémas de discrétisation d'ordre élevé. Cette partie se conclut par des résultats numériques illustrant le comportement de la convergence de ces schémas. La dernière partie de cette thèse est consacrée à l'utilisation des ces processus pour des questions de modélisation multi-dimensionnelle en finance. Une question importante de modélisation, aujourd'hui encore difficile à traiter, est l'identification d'un type de modèle permettant de calibrer à la fois le marché des options sur un indice et sur ses composants. Nous proposons, ici, deux types de modèles : l'un à corrélation locale et l'autre à corrélation stochastique. Dans ces deux cas, nous expliquons quelle procédure on doit adopter pour obtenir une bonne calibration des données de marché
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Application Of Rock Mass Classification Systems For Future Support Design Of The Dim Tunnel Near AlanyaCosar, Songul 01 October 2004 (has links) (PDF)
In this thesis, the results of a number of rock mass classification systems applied to Dim-higway tunnel study area are presented. The tunnel ground was classified according to Rock Mas Rating (RMR), Modified Rock mass Rating (M-RMR), Rock mass quality (Q), Geological Strength Index (GSI) and New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
Dim Tunnel has a horse-shoe shape, with a diameter of 10 meters and maximum overburden thickness of 70 meters. During studies, the geological and geotechnical characteristics of the rock mass along the Dim Tunnel route were investigated. The main objective of rock mass classifications carried out in this study was to obtain adequate data that could be used in future excavation
and support-design studies. In order to accomplish this task, literature survey was carried out, followed by a comprehensive field study and laboratorytesting. Field studies involved detailed discontinuity surveys of the exposed
rock mass at the surface and on the cores taken within 10-20 meters of the borehole above the tunnel. A geological map and a geological cross-section along the tunnel axis were also prepared. Finally, correlations between the results of the rock mass classification systems were made carrying out statistical analyses for the Dim Tunnel study area.
The results obtained from the RMR and M-RMR classifications indicate that M-RMR system estimates better rock mass quality ratings at the upper bounds of the rock mass condition, but worst ratings at the lower bounds (RMR is less than 40) as also suggested by the previous studies.
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Study of Multi-Modal and Non-Gaussian Probability Density Functions in Target Tracking with Applications to Dim Target TrackingHlinomaz, Peter V. 14 November 2008 (has links)
No description available.
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境外人民幣債券研討-人民幣走向國際化的第一步 / The study of offshore RMB Bonds-The beginning of the RMB’s internationalization林欣儀, Lin, Hsin-I Unknown Date (has links)
自從2007年全球金融海嘯後,中國政府開始著手進行推進貨幣體系改革、東亞區域貨幣合作與人民幣國際化。其中人民幣國際化更是中國政府國際金融新策略的重點,目的是提升人民幣的國際地位,並降低中國對美元的依賴。2009年以來,中國開始透過「跨境貿易人民幣結算試點」和「發展香港人民幣境外業務」兩項具體策略來推進人民幣國際化。
本論文研究的主軸分為三部份來探討:首先對境外人民幣債券市場的發展沿革以及目前概況做介紹,其次是針對境外人民幣債券市場實務來做探討,第三部份是以投資人角度來看其對於境外人民幣債券的考量,包括投資誘因、須考量的風險。最後在本論文中以首件外資公司發行境外人民幣債券(麥當勞)和首樁台資企業發行境外人民幣債券(永豐餘)為實例個案,具體分析企業發行境外人民幣債券的目的,以及投資人如何看待日漸開放的境外人民幣市場,由此可推敲窺見全球對人民幣未來的期待。
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Pore pressure prediction and direct hydrocarbon indicator: insight from the southern pletmos basin, offshore South AfricaLasisi, Ayodele Oluwatoyin January 2014 (has links)
>Magister Scientiae - MSc / An accurate prediction of pore pressure is an essential in reducing the risk involved in a well or field life cycle. This has formed an integral part of routine work for exploration, development and exploitation team in the oil and gas industries. Several factors such as sediment compaction, overburden, lithology characteristic, hydrocarbon pressure and capillary entry pressure contribute significantly to the cause of overpressure. Hence, understanding the dynamics associated with the above factors will certainly reduce the risk involved in drilling and production. This study examined three deep water drilled wells GA-W1, GA-N1, and GA-AA1 of lower cretaceous Hauterivian to early Aptian age between 112 to 117.5 (MA) Southern Pletmos sub-basin, Bredasdorp basin offshore South Africa. The study aimed to determine the pore pressure prediction of the reservoir formation of the wells. Eaton’s resistivity and Sonic method are adopted using depth dependent normal compaction trendline (NCT) has been carried out for this study. The variation of the overburden gradient (OBG), the Effective stress, Fracture gradient (FG), Fracture pressure (FP), Pore pressure gradient (PPG) and the predicted pore pressure (PPP) have been studied for the selected wells. The overburden changes slightly as follow: 2.09g/cm3, 2.23g/cm3 and 2.24g/cm3 across the selected intervals depth of wells. The predicted pore pressure calculated for the intervals depth of selected wells GA-W1, GA-N1 and GA-AA1 also varies slightly down the depths as follow: 3,405 psi, 4,110 psi, 5,062 psi respectively. The overpressure zone and normal pressure zone were encountered in well GA-W1, while a normal pressure zone was experienced in both well GA-N1 and GA-AA1. In addition, the direct hydrocarbon indicator (DHI) was carried out by method of post-stack amplitude analysis seismic reflectors surface which was used to determine the hydrocarbon prospect zone of the wells from the seismic section. It majorly indicate the zones of thick hydrocarbon sand from the amplitude extraction grid map horizon reflectors at 13AT1 & 8AT1 and 8AT1 & 1AT1 of the well GA-W1, GA-N1 and GA-AA1 respectively. These are suggested to be the hydrocarbon prospect locations (wet-gas to Oil prone source) on the seismic section with fault trending along the horizons. No bright spot, flat spot and dim spot was observed except for some related pitfalls anomalies
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Dim Object Tracking in Cluttered Image SequencesAhmadi, Kaveh, ahmadi January 2016 (has links)
No description available.
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