The discovery of neutrino mixing provides the possibility of a non vanishing CP violating phase in the neutrino mixing matrix. CP violation in the leptonic sector can be large enough to explain the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe. An indirect probe of CP violation is the experimental measurement of Electric Dipole Moment (EDM). CP violation has been discovered in the quark sector,but it contributes to lepton EDM at the 3-loop level. Neutrino masses can be generated in the standard model via the see-saw mechanism where heavy right-handed neutrinos mix with the weak-basis states. The Majorana nature of the seesaw type neutrinos generates new 2-loop diagrams that lead to a non-vanishing lepton EDM. Only estimates of the resulting EDM have been done in the literature. A full calculation of the 2-loop diagrams and the exact result is presented. / Ph. D.

The Effective Field Theory formalism is applied to the study of problems in hadronic and nuclear physics. We develop a framework to study the exclusive two-body decays of bottomonium into two charmed mesons and apply it to study the decays of the C-even bottomonia. Using a sequence of effective field theories, we take advantage of the separation between the scales contributing to the decay processes, 2m(b) ≫ m(c) ≫∧(QCD). We prove that, at leading order in the EFT power counting, the decay rate factorizes into the convolution of two perturbative matching coefficients and three non-perturbative matrix elements, one for each hadron. We calculate the relations between the decay rate and non-perturbative bottomonium and D-meson matrix elements at leading order, with next-to-leading log resummation. The phenomenological implications of these relations are discussed. At lower energies, we use Chiral Perturbation Theory and nuclear EFTs to set up a framework for the study of time reversal (T) symmetry in one- and few-nucleon problems. We consider T violation from the QCD θ term and from all the possible dimension 6 operators, expressed in terms of light quarks, gluons and photons, that can be added to the Standard Model Lagrangian. We construct the low energy chiral Lagrangian stemming from different TV sources, and derive the implications for the nucleon Electric Dipole Form Factor and the deuteron T violating electromagnetic Form Factors. Finally, with an eye to applications to nuclei with A ≥ 2, we construct the T violating nucleon-nucleon potential from different sources of T violation.

Usando-se a técnica de dicroísmo ótico induzido sobre a banda de absorção ótica em 272m devido o íon Pb++ em NaCl estabelecemos a simetria desse defeito. O momento dipolar com a vacância na posição 110 foi de 3.65 e &#197. Usando-se a mesma técnica além de I.T.C. conseguimos a reorientação dipolar do dipolo I.V. na temperatura de 77&#176K. Essa relaxação é atribuída ao fato do íon Pb++ estar em estado eletrônico excitado. / Using the electric induced dichroism effect on the optical absorption band at 272m due to the Pb++ ion in NaCl, the symmetry of I.V. dipole was discussed. The electric dipole moment for the vacancy in the (110) position was measured and found to be 3.65 &#197. Using the same technique and I.T.C. measurements we found reorientation in temperatures as low as 77&#176K. This relaxation is attributed to be I.V. dipole with the Pb++ ion in an electronic excited state.

abstract: Seeking an upper limit of the Neutron Electric Dipole Moment (nEDM) is a test of charge-parity (CP) violation beyond the Standard Model. The present experimentally tested nEDM upper limit is 3x10^(26) e cm. An experiment to be performed at the Oak Ridge National Lab Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) facility seeks to reach the 3x10^(28) e cm limit. The experiment is designed to probe for a dependence of the neutron's Larmor precession frequency on an applied electric eld. The experiment will use polarized helium-3 (3He) as a comagnetometer, polarization analyzer, and detector. Systematic influences on the nEDM measurement investigated in this thesis include (a) room temperature measurements on polarized 3He in a measurement cell made from the same materials as the nEDM experiment, (b) research and development of the Superconducting QUantum Interference Devices (SQUID) which will be used in the nEDM experiment, (c) design contributions for an experiment with nearly all the same conditions as will be present in the nEDM experiment, and (d) scintillation studies in superfluid helium II generated from alpha particles which are fundamentally similar to the nEDM scintillation process. The result of this work are steps toward achievement of a new upper limit for the nEDM experiment at the SNS facility. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Physics 2019

Charge-Conjugation (C) and Charge-Conjugation-Parity (CP) Violation is one of the three Sakharov conditions to explain via baryogenesis the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe (BAU). The Standard Model of particle physics (SM) contains sources of CP violation, but cannot explain the BAU. This motivates searches for new physics beyond the standard model (BSM) which address the Sakharov criteria, including high-precision searches for new sources of CPV in systems for which the SM contribution is small, but larger effects may be present in BSM theories. A promising example is the search for the electric dipole moment of the neutron (nEDM), which is a novel system to observe CPV due to the initial and final state being identical. A non-zero measurement necessarily requires violation of P and T discrete symmetries; invoking CPT invariance requires that CP is violated. There are BSM theories which predict a magnitude for the nEDM larger than SM predictions, so that such studies are beneficial at setting constraints on new physics. The current experimental limit of dn < 3.0 x 10-26 e cm at 90% CL as set by the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) [1] was largely limited by systematic effects related to the magnetic field. The research presented here supported technical progress toward a new measurement of the nEDM, with the goal of improving the result by an order of magnitude. A novel approach to the problem of limiting systematics is proposed, studied in Monte Carlo simulations, and an optimized prototype was constructed for use in a magnetic resonance experiment.

This thesis describes the physics, design, and construction of an experiment to measure the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the electron. In the experiment, laser-cooled Cs atoms will be held in an optical dipole force trap in the presence of applied electric and magnetic fields. The signature of an electron EDM is a first-order electric field shift of the Zeeman resonance frequency of the Cs ground state. We present an analysis of the systematic and statistical errors of this experiment, which shows that the experiment should have a sensitivity of the order of 10⁻²⁹ e-cm. We pay particular attention to potential light-shift induced errors and to magnetic field noise. We also present the design and experimental results for a cold Cs atom source, high voltage field plates, optical trapping field in a resonant build-up cavity, noval titanim ultrahigh vacuum system, and magnetic sheilding system. These results show that a measurement of the electron edm at the level of 10⁻²⁹ e-cm. should be feasible. / text

The ACME collaboration has completed a measurement setting a new upper limit on the size of the electron's permanent electric dipole moment (EDM). The existence of the EDM is well motivated by theories extending the standard model of particle physics, with predicted sizes very close to the current experimental limit. The new limit was set by measuring spin precession within the metastable H state of the polar molecule thorium monoxide (ThO). A particular focus here is on the automated data acquisition system developed to search for a precession phase odd under internal and external reversal of the electric field. Automated switching of many different experimental controls allowed a rapid diagnosis of major systematics, including the dominant systematic caused by non-reversing electric fields and laser polarization gradients. Polarimetry measurements made it possible to quantify and minimize the polarization gradients in our state preparation and probe lasers. Three separate measurements were used to determine the electric field that did not reverse when we tried to switch the field direction. The new bound of |de|< 8.7 &times; 10^-29 e cm is over an order of magnitude smaller than previous limits, and strongly limits T-violating physics at TeV energy scales. / Physics

abstract: The bonding and electrostatic properties of gold containing molecules are highly influenced by relativistic effects. To understand this facet on bonding, a series of simple diatomic AuX (X=F, Cl, O and S) molecules, where upon bond formation the Au atom donates or accepts electrons, was investigated and discussed in this thesis. First, the optical field-free, Stark, and Zeeman spectroscopic studies have been performed on AuF and AuCl. The simple polar bonds between Au and typical halogens (i.e. F and Cl) can be well characterized by the electronic structure studies and the permanent electric dipole moments, el. The spectroscopic parameters have been precisely determined for the [17.7]1, [17.8]0+ and X1+ states of AuF, and the [17.07]1, [17.20]0+ and X1+ states of AuCl. The el have been determined for ground and excited states of AuF and AuCl. The results from the hyperfine analysis and Stark measurement support the assignments that the [17.7]1 and [17.8]0+ states of AuF are the components of a 3 state. Similarly, the analysis demonstrated the [19.07]1 and [19.20]0+ states are the components of the 3 state of AuCl. Second, my study focused on AuO and AuS because the bonding between gold and sulfur/oxygen is a key component to numerous established and emerging technologies that have applications as far ranging as medical imaging, catalysis, electronics, and material science. The high-resolution spectra were record and analyzed to obtain the geometric and electronic structural data for the ground and excited states. The electric dipole moment, el, and the magnetic dipole moment, m, has been the precisely measured by applying external static electric and magnetic fields. el andm are used to give insight into the unusual complex bonding in these molecules. In addition to direct studies on the gold-containing molecules, other studies of related molecules are included here as well. These works contain the pure rotation measurement of PtC, the hyperfine and Stark spectroscopic studies of PtF, and the Stark and Zeeman spectroscopic studies of MgH and MgD. Finally, a perspective discussion and conclusion will summarize the results of AuF, AuCl, AuO, and AuS from this work (bond lengths, dipole moment, etc.). The highly quantitative information derived from this work is the foundation of a chemical description of matter and essential for kinetic energy manipulation via Stark and Zeeman interactions. This data set also establishes a synergism with computation chemists who are developing new methodologies for treating relativistic effects and electron correlation. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Chemistry 2017

Submitted by GEORGE DE CONTO SANTOS null (georgedc@ift.unesp.br) on 2018-03-26T19:09:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_doutorado.pdf: 1257592 bytes, checksum: 301d08e8373f7f6aeb4a2e0ce8f9f637 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Hellen Sayuri Sato null (hellen@ift.unesp.br) on 2018-03-29T16:17:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 decontosantos_g_dr_ift.pdf: 1257592 bytes, checksum: 301d08e8373f7f6aeb4a2e0ce8f9f637 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-29T16:17:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 decontosantos_g_dr_ift.pdf: 1257592 bytes, checksum: 301d08e8373f7f6aeb4a2e0ce8f9f637 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-09 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Nós calculamos, no contexto do modelo 3-3-1 com léptons pesados carregados, vínculos sobre alguns dos parâmetros das partículas extras do modelo ao impor que suas contribuições aos fatores (g-2) do elétron e do múon estejam de acordo com os dados experimentais dentro de 1 sigma - 3 sigma. Para obter resultados realistas nós consideramos algumas das possíveis soluções das matrizes unitárias esquerda e direita que diagonalizam as matrizes de massa leptônicas, dando as massas leptônicas observadas e ao mesmo tempo acomodando a matriz de mistura de Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS). Nós mostramos que, ao menos até a ordem de 1-loop, na faixa de parâmetros explorada, não é possível acomodar simultaneamente os fatores (g-2) do elétron e do múon a não ser que um dos léptons extras tenha massa da ordem de 20-40 GeVs e a escala de energia da simetria 331 esteja em torno de 60-80 TeVs. / We calculate, in the context of the 3-3-1 model with heavy charged leptons, constraints on some parameters of the extra particles in the model by imposing that their contributions to both the electron and muon (g-2) factors are in agreement with experimental data up to 1 sigma - 3 sigma. In order to obtain realistic results we use some of the possible solutions of the left- and right- unitary matrices that diagonalize the lepton mass matrices, giving the observed lepton masses and at the same time allowing to accommodate the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS) mixing matrix. We show that, at least up to 1-loop order, in the particular range of the space parameter that we have explored, it is not possible to fit the observed electron and muon (g-2) factors at the same time unless one of the extra leptons has a mass of the order of 20-40 GeVs and the energy scale of the 331 symmetry to be of around 60-80 TeVs. / 152740/2014-7

Usando-se a técnica de dicroísmo ótico induzido sobre a banda de absorção ótica em 272m devido o íon Pb++ em NaCl estabelecemos a simetria desse defeito. O momento dipolar com a vacância na posição 110 foi de 3.65 e &#197. Usando-se a mesma técnica além de I.T.C. conseguimos a reorientação dipolar do dipolo I.V. na temperatura de 77&#176K. Essa relaxação é atribuída ao fato do íon Pb++ estar em estado eletrônico excitado. / Using the electric induced dichroism effect on the optical absorption band at 272m due to the Pb++ ion in NaCl, the symmetry of I.V. dipole was discussed. The electric dipole moment for the vacancy in the (110) position was measured and found to be 3.65 &#197. Using the same technique and I.T.C. measurements we found reorientation in temperatures as low as 77&#176K. This relaxation is attributed to be I.V. dipole with the Pb++ ion in an electronic excited state.