<p>Ultrasound (US) volume data is noisy, so traditional methods for direct volume rendering (DVR) are less appropriate. Improved methods or new techniques are required. There are furthermore a high performance requirement and limited pre-processing to be considered in order for it to be used interactively, since the volume data might be time-varying.</p><p>There exist numerous techniques for improving visual perception of volume rendering, and while some perform well and produce a visually enhanced result, many are designed and compared for use with medical data that has a high signal-to-noise ratio. This master thesis describe and compare recent methods for DVR illumination, in the form of ambient occlusion or direct/indirect lighting from an external light source. New designs and modifications are introduced for efficiently and effectively enhancing the visual quality of DVR with US data. Furthermore, this thesis addresses the issue of how clipping is performed during rendering and for the different illumination techniques, which is commonly used in ultrasound visualization.</p><p>This diploma work was conducted at Siemens Corporate Research in Princeton, NJ where the partially open source framework XIP is developed. The framework was extended further to include modern methods for DVR illumination that are described in detail within this thesis. Finally, presented results show that several methods can be used to visually enhance the visualization within highly interactive frame-rates.</p>

<p>The concept of security is a contested one. The United Nations definition in UNDPs Development report of 1994 is the most authoritive and commonly cited. The civil war in Sudan has led to 2 million deaths and over 5.5 million refugees. In a resolution from 2005, the UN decided that the war in Sudan was a threat to international security and peace. The 10th of January UN decided that a peace commission ought to be send with 10 000 military and civil men including 700 policemen.</p><p>The main purpose of this thesis is to improve our knowledge of those factors which can cause an increased risk of conflict within a state, and how that can affect the social conditions for individuals. First, I analyse which kind of threats to human security that are to be identified in Sudan. Secondly, I discuss and analyse the role of UN in Sudan, focusing on the human security issues. Different information from sources is analyzed through qualitative content analysis, with quantative components. The theoretical perspective is based on Johan Galtungs theory concerning positive and negative peace, but also on the concept of human security. </p><p>Based on the collected data and the theoretical framework the conclusions are that it is a clear connection between the direct violence and the structural and cultural violence in south Sudan. It depends on the historical legacy but also because of the deep rooted structures of the institutions in Sudan. The conflict is about the oil and the ethnic and cultural identification. All this is a threat to the human security in Sudan, due to the condition about social equitable and the right to have a decent life. The UN has resolved the immediate military threat in the south of Sudan. There are a lot of things to be done before the security situation reach the UN definition of human security. The Sudan government must be responsible for implementing policies to assure this security.</p>

<p>Crude oil can attract a lot of investments and development into a country but when not managed well can as well cause a lot of destruction and conflict. Like fire, crude oil is a good servant but can be a bad master too depending on how it is handled. Using Dunning‟s eclectic paradigm, a positive relationship between foreign direct investment and locational attraction was established. Of the two components within the locational attraction, natural resource attracts more foreign direct investment than market size in the case of Africa. It was established through our case study of Angola that oil attracts foreign direct investment because oil is a location attraction which attracts foreign firms. These investments on the other hand contribute to the productive capacity of the receiving country thus stimulating economic development. However, the availability of natural resources (oil) and its ability to attract foreign investment does not guarantee economic development. The establishment of appropriate institutions, mechanisms and policies would ensure efficient use of oil revenue for sustained economic growth. We identified vital policy options (the Fund mechanism and spending rule) available to Ghana , with inference from Norway, which could help evade the „Dutch Disease‟. Oil production could thus attract more foreign direct investment and contribute to the economic development of Ghana only on condition that appropriate oil revenue management policies are implemented.</p>

<p>In this thesis, a concept for a modular assembly direct drive permanent magnetgenerator is presented. The maximum forces that act on the different parts of thegenerator during normal operation have been calculated and used in solid mechanicsimulations in SolidWorks. The result is a rough first draft of a generator designwhere the stator has been divided into five modules and the rotor into six modules.This division is done in order to avoid symmetries in the generator that could lead toproblems with self-oscillation.The modulization of the stator brings about certain difficulties, both for the magneticcircuit and for the winding scheme. Different solutions for optimization of themagnetic circuit are analyzed from both a physical and a construction technicalperspective. A winding scheme is produced and the winding process tested in awinding dummy produced according to the conceptual generator design.</p>

<p>Not long ago, Brazil was a country with an unstable economic system; inflation and interest rates were high and the political system was corrupt and complex. Still Brazil has for a long time been a successful market for Swedish companies. In São Paulo, the financial center of Brazil, a “little Sweden” has emerged which is considered to be the largest center for Swedish industry outside of Sweden.</p><p>The purpose of this thesis is to examine why a ‘little Sweden’ has emerged in Brazil as well as examining what importance different economical factors have had for Swedish foreign direct investments in Brazil. Theories regarding foreign direct investments as well as other business theories have been used in the research. To get a deep understanding of the subject, four interviews have been made with organizations involved in helping Swedish companies in Brazil.</p><p>The research has shown that the most important factors in the creation of the ‘little Sweden’ has been; access to production factors such as natural resources, the competitiveness of the home market together with the size of Brazil’s market, the financial capacity of the Swedish companies, the fact that Swedish companies could offer products and services that suited the demands of Brazil, as well as the fact that the Swedish entrepreneurs had a long term thinking and a great optimistic visions for the future.</p>

With the rapid increase of the world energy demand and consumption, the method and techniques to analyze, improve and optimize energy conversion systems have to deal not only with direct fuel exergy (energy) consumption, but also with other resources, which have associated exergy consumptions, and with environmental impacts, such as global warming. A general method for energy conversion system analysis is presented in this thesis. This method uses exergy as a measure to compare and analyze the natural resource consumption (both fuels and materials) and the global warming impact of different energy conversion systems for their life-time. The method, which adds the fuel production exergy and material exergy into consideration, allows more complete exergy analyses to be conducted. The global warming impact due to the chemical emissions and impact associated with direct exergy consumption (fuel consumption) as well as system equipment materials consumption of the energy conversion system are considered together in this thesis. Based on the concept of exergy, the Total Equivalent Resource Exergy (TERE), which includes both direct resource exergy consumption and resource exergy needed to recover the total equivalent global warming gases of the energy conversion system, is proposed in this thesis. TERE uses exergy as a criterion to compare the energy conversion systems and providing information of how effective a system is regarding the use of natural resources. The calculation of TERE values for the selected energy conversion systems indicates that the resource exergy and the environmental impact exergy are both substantial impacts and should be compared together. This concept of TERE can be used as the objective function for energy system design and optimization. / Graduation date: 1996

The accuracy issue of a rapid prototyping-direct laser sintering system is studied in this paper. The sources of errors are analyzed for their contribution to the final accuracy of built parts. The error sources are related to the hardware and software of the machine, the materials and the process. Special measures were exploited to improve the accuracy of the direct laser sintering system and process. For the errors caused by hardware like laser scanner, compensation by software was developed to correct the errors resulting from galvano-mirrors and F-θ lens. A compensation function mode was added to the slicing software to compensate the errors caused by material shrinkage and laser beam offset. Based on the analysis and improvement, a desired accuracy of 0.2mm has been achieved for the direct laser sintering system, which was verified by experiments. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

In this paper a comparative exploration of the potential for foreign investment and real inflow to Russia and Ukraine are examined. The analysis showed that primarily both countries enjoyed significant comparative advantages in attracting foreign capital. Since the foundation of independent states in 1992 attractiveness began to diverge dramatically. This difference is clearly explained by the determination of the Russian government to reform the economy earlier than the Ukrainian government. The transition to a market economy is closely connected with the development of a favorable investment climate in both countries. It includes the foundation of a stable system of property rights and a conducive legal environment.

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</style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal" / mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0 / mso-tstyle-colband-size:0 / mso-style-noshow:yes / mso-style-priority:99 / mso-style-qformat:yes / mso-style-parent:"" / mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt / mso-para-margin-top:0in / mso-para-margin-right:0in / mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt / mso-para-margin-left:0in / line-height:115% / mso-pagination:widow-orphan / font-size:11.0pt / font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif" / mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri / mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin / mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman" / mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast / mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri / mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin / mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman" / mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi / } </style> <![endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt / font-family: &quot / Times New Roman&quot / ,&quot / serif&quot / ">The objective of this study was thus to prepare highly proton condictivity membranes that are cheap to manufacture and have low methanol permeability. &nbsp / &nbsp / </span></p>