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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Entwicklung neuer Markersysteme für die ancient DNA-Analyse Erweiterung des molekulargenetischen Zugangs zu kultur- und sozialgeschichtlichen Fragestellungen der prähistorischen Anthropologie /

Schmidt, Diane Manuela. Unknown Date (has links) (PDF)
Universiẗat, Diss., 2004--Göttingen.
2

Untersuchungen zur Integration von Nukleotidsequenzen des Retikuloendotheliose-Provirus in das Genom des Hühnerpocken-Virus

Hauck, Markus Rüdiger. January 2006 (has links)
Freie Universiẗat, Diss., 2006--Berlin.
3

DNA-analytische Untersuchungen an frischen und gelagerten Zähnen / DNA-analytical research with fresh and ancient teeth

Gebhard, Sebastian January 2009 (has links) (PDF)
In dieser Arbeit wurde überprüft, inwieweit sich verschiedene Lagerungsbedingungen von Zähnen auf die Verwertbarkeit von DNA im Zahninneren zur Gewinnung eines genetischen Fingerabdrucks auswirken. Die Untersuchungen an frisch extrahierten Zähnen ließen erkennen, dass die in dieser Arbeit verwendeten Methoden und DNA-Kits für die weitere Analyse der den unterschiedlichen Bedingungen ausgesetzten Zähne geeignet sind. Asensible Zähne weisen bereits bei der Zahnextraktion Zeichen von Degradation auf. Dagegen ist der kariöse Zerstörungsgrad an sich noch kein Ausschlusskriterium. Bei wurzelkanalbehandelten Zähnen konnten nur Systeme mit sehr kurzen Amplifikationsprodukten typisiert werden. Sie waren für eine genetische Identifizierung kaum geeignet. Bei der Analyse im Erdreich vergrabener Zähne nahm die Anzahl der typisierbaren Systeme nach einem Vierteljahr Liegezeit kontinuierlich ab, bis schließlich nach einem Jahr nur noch vereinzelt kleine Systeme detektiert werden konnten. Ein anderes Bild zeigte sich bei den in Wasser gelagerten Zähnen. Bis zu einem halben Jahr nach Versuchsbeginn konnte eine Typisierung aller Systeme durchgeführt werden. Erst nach einem Jahr war die Degradation so weit vorangeschritten, dass große Systeme keine Typisierung mehr erlaubten. Bei Zähnen, die der Sonnenstrahlung einen Monat ausgesetzt waren, war es dagegen problemlos möglich, einen vollständigen genetischen Fingerabdruck zu erfassen. Nach drei Monaten konnten allerdings nur noch vereinzelt sehr kleine Systeme gewonnen werden. Nach einem halben Jahr ergab lediglich der TPOX-vs eine erfolgreiche Typisierung. UV-Strahlung kann Zahnschmelz und –dentin durchdringen und DNA in recht kurzer Zeit degradieren. Die Zähne aus dem Sektionsgut des Instituts für Rechtsmedizin Würzburg lieferten unterschiedliche Ergebnisse, sodass hierzu keine generelle Aussage gemacht werden kann. Bei der Behandlung der Zähne mit Hitze von 200 °C konnte die DNA nur begrenzte Zeit vor Degradation geschützt werden. Bereits nach einer halben Stunde waren große Teile der Multiplex-Kits nicht mehr für eine Typisierung verwertbar. Das STR-System SE33 konnte allerdings noch ermittelt werden. Die Entnahmen zu späteren Zeitpunkten (60 min, 90 min und 120 min) lieferten fast nur noch einzelne STRSysteme. Eine knapp 30-jährige trockene Lagerung von Zähnen in einem Schrank mit Schutz vor Sonneneinstrahlung schadete der DNA-Analysierbarkeit kaum. Ein vollständiger Ausfall aller Systeme musste bei den Zahnproben von der Ausgrabung in Katzwang verzeichnet werden. Die Zähne dieser 380 bis 550 Jahre alten Schädel lieferten kein auswertbares DNA-Material mehr. Ebenso konnte mit diesen Untersuchungsmethoden aus den 2300 bis 2800 Jahre alten Zähnen aus der Dietersberghöhle kein analysierbares DNA-Material gewonnen werden. Es zeigte sich, dass Lagerbedingungen einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die DNA-Qualität ausüben. Als DNA-schädigende Einflüsse können neben Mikroorganismen und Feuchtigkeit insbesondere UV-Strahlung und Hitze gelten. Der Faktor Zeit spielt bei günstigen Lagerbedingungen eine untergeordnete Rolle. / In this dissertation the possibility of winning a genetic fingerprint out of teeth that have been rested under different conditions was analysed. The examinations of recently extracted teeth showed that the methods and DNA-Kits used in this study are suitable for further analyses of teeth that have been exposed to different conditions. Asensible teeth already showed at time of extraction signs of degradation. However it was possible to get a genetic DNA-typing out of teeth which were destroyed by caries. Teeth with a root canal filling only showed systems with short amplification products. So they were not suitable for a genetic identification. The analysis of teeth which were buried in soil resulted that the number of detectable systems decreased continually after four month. After one year only a few systems were detected. The teeth which were stored in water gave a positive result in all systems after half a year. When the teeth have laid one year in water the degradation had gone so far that the big systems could not be typified anymore. Teeth that were exposed to sunshine for one month gave a complete detection of all analysed systems. Two month later only a few small systems were detected. After six months only the system TPOX-vs was successfully typed. UV-radiation gets through the dentin and the enamel and destroys the DNA very quickly. Two teeth out of the section good of the institute for forensic medicine showed completely different results. In one case the DNA-typing was successful, in the other one it wasn´t. Teeth that were treated in a 200 °C hot oven could protect the DNA for only a few minutes. After 30 minutes half of the analysed systems already were destroyed. After one hour and more only some sporadic systems were detected. The DNA-typing of a genetic fingerprint out of 30 years old teeth was successful. The complete failure of all systems showed examples of 380 to 550 years old teeth from a dig in Katzwang such as examples of 2.300 to 2.800 years old teeth out of the Dietersberg cave. For the DNA-quality it is very important to which conditions the teeth are exposed. DNA-damaging influences among other things are microorganisms, humidity, UV-radiation and heat. The factor time is not so important if the surrounding conditions are optimal.
4

The Evolution, Applications, and Statistical Interpretations of DNA Typing in Forensic Science

Schober, Cassandra C. (Cassandra Carolyn) 08 1900 (has links)
This thesis examines the evolution, applications, and statistical interpretations of DNA typing as a tool in the field of forensic science as well as in our criminal justice system. The most controversial aspect of DNA typing involves the determination of how likely it is that two people share the same DNA profile. This involves the use of population genetics and databases of allelic frequencies as well as some assumptions about population structuring.
5

The Development of Direct Ultra-Fast PCR for Forensic Genotyping Using Short Channel Microfluidic Systems With Enhanced Sieving Matrices

Aboud, Maurice J 16 July 2012 (has links)
There are situations in which it is very important to quickly and positively identify an individual. Examples include suspects detained in the neighborhood of a bombing or terrorist incident, individuals detained attempting to enter or leave the country, and victims of mass disasters. Systems utilized for these purposes must be fast, portable, and easy to maintain. The goal of this project was to develop an ultra fast, direct PCR method for forensic genotyping of oral swabs. The procedure developed eliminates the need for cellular digestion and extraction of the sample by performing those steps in the PCR tube itself. Then, special high-speed polymerases are added which are capable of amplifying a newly developed 7 loci multiplex in under 16 minutes. Following the amplification, a postage stamp sized microfluidic device equipped with specially designed entangled polymer separation matrix, yields a complete genotype in 80 seconds. The entire process is rapid and reliable, reducing the time from sample to genotype from 1-2 days to under 20 minutes. Operation requires minimal equipment and can be easily performed with a small high-speed thermal-cycler, reagents, and a microfluidic device with a laptop. The system was optimized and validated using a number of test parameters and a small test population. The overall precision was better than 0.17 bp and provided a power of discrimination greater than 1 in 106. The small footprint, and ease of use will permit this system to be an effective tool to quickly screen and identify individuals detained at ports of entry, police stations and remote locations. The system is robust, portable and demonstrates to the forensic community a simple solution to the problem of rapid determination of genetic identity.
6

Development and validation of open-source software for DNA mixture interpretation based on a quantitative continuous model / 定量的連続性モデルに基づくDNA混合試料解析用オープンソースソフトウェアの開発と検証

Manabe, Sho 26 March 2018 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医科学) / 甲第21024号 / 医科博第85号 / 新制||医科||6(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医科学専攻 / (主査)教授 川上 浩司, 教授 黒田 知宏, 教授 森田 智視 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
7

DNA Typing of HLA-B by PCR with Primer Mixes Utilizing Sequence-Specific Primers

Chiu, Angela Chen-Yen 08 1900 (has links)
The aim of this study was to design a resolution typing system for the HLA-B gene. This technique involves a one-step PCR reaction utilizing genomic DNA and sequence-specific primers to determine the specificity of each allele and to produce a larger primer data base ideal for serological analysis. The application of this technique to serological analysis can improve serology detection which is currently hindered by antibody cross-reactivity and the unavailability of useful typing reagents.
8

The validity of bite mark evidence for legal purposes

Xu, Yuan Chang January 2021 (has links)
Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / Bite mark evidence has been admitted into US courts since the 1870s. It quickly gained popularity after the conviction of W.E. Marx in 1974 for manslaughter using primarily bite mark evidence. However, since the development of DNA typing and testing in forensic science, the emergence of wrongful convictions has placed the validity of bite mark evidence admissibility into severe dispute. This mini-thesis is a condensation of the past ten years’ worth of literature on the latest researches regarding bite mark evidence. The theory of the uniqueness of the human dentition is analysed. The accurate reproducibility of bite mark on skin with regard to distortion is discussed. Some bite mark court cases, including wrongful convictions are explored. Inconsistent expert opinions and the lack of standards amongst practitioners are also examined. The aim of this study is to summarize the validity of bite mark evidence in the courts of law.
9

DNA Manipulation and Characterization for Nanoscale Electronics

Hartzell, Brittany January 2004 (has links)
No description available.
10

Molekulargenetische Verwandtschaftsanalysen am prähistorischen Skelettkollektiv der Lichtensteinhöhle / Molecular genetic kinship analyses of the prehistoric skeletal collective from the Lichtenstein cave

Schilz, Felix 02 May 2006 (has links)
No description available.

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