DNA vaccines in larger animals, such as horses, are generally less effective and elicit significantly weaker immune responses, than in small animal model systems. To provide optimal protection against pathogenic microorganisms, the induction of both humoral and cellular immune responses from DNA vaccination may be necessary. One limitation to DNA immunization in the horse is the difficulty in generating high levels of antigen-specific antibody and CTL responses. Previous work in the laboratory has demonstrated that expression constructs containing native sequences encoding the surface unit (SU) envelope glycoprotein (pCiSU) of the Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV) are ineffective at stimulating immune responses in the horse. This was attributed to an unusual codon-usage bias of the EIAV genome that significantly limits the expression of SU sequences. Optimizing the codon usage of pCiSU (pSYNSU) in DNA vaccines stimulated low-titer immune responses in inoculated ponies. Another plausible explanation for the reduced effectiveness of these DNA vaccines may be transfection deficiency and low level expression elicited by plasmid vectors in the horse. These studies investigated if the addition of a cationic polymer, deacylated polyethyleneimine (PEI), and/or codon optimized molecular immune-stimulatory cytokines could augment the relatively weak immunogenicity of pSYNSU in DNA vaccination of horses/ponies. Administration of DNA in formulation with PEI resulted in the robust production of very long-lived humoral (15 months after vaccination) responses and induced cell-mediated IFN-y responses five days after immunization.. Additionally, the co-expression of a family of IL-15 cytokines expanded the repertoire of T cell recognition to SU-specific peptides, in terms of lymphoproliferation. DNA vaccination incorporating one IL-15 family member, IL-15 (SSLSS) significantly enhanced serum antibody levels of IgGA and IFN-y mRNA expression levels. These responses were distinctly different from results seen with vaccinates that received „naked‟ pSYNSU DNA vaccines. It is evident from these vaccine studies that PEI can enhance DNA vaccine-elicited antibody and CTL-associated responses in the horse and IL-15 (SSLSS) can dramatically augment these responses. These results demonstrate an important role for PEI in promoting the longevity of immune responses to genetic immunization, which has not been reported previously in any large animal model.

DOCTORAL THESIS 2012 POKORNA Abstract We have used a well characterized transplantable transgenic mouse model which mimics human acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), both in its biological characteristics and its response to conventional therapeutic drugs. The aim of our study was to better characterize the efficacy of the combined treatment and to determine molecular markers of clinical outcome. We established a minimal residual disease monitoring based on the high sensitivity of detection of PML-RAR transcripts by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology in APL mice. We showed that oncogene-specific PCR-based assays allow, like in patients, the diagnosis, follow-up and prediction of disease evolution. Furthermore, PCR assay was used to assess various tissues and organs for the presence of PML-RAR-positive cells in minimal residual disease free long-term survivors. As expected, majority of mice had no measurable tissue level of PML-RAR demonstrating the efficacy of immunotherapy. However, tracking the oncogene-positive cells reveals for the first time that extramedullary PML-RAR-positive cell reservoirs such as the brain may persist and be involved in the leukemia relapse. We aimed at investigating the immune responses involved in the anti-leukemic effect of the combined immutherapy. To evaluate the...

Das Neuroblastom (NB) zählt zu den therapieresistentesten Tumoren des Kleinkindalters. Besonders NB-Patienten mit MYCN-Amplifikation sind mit einer schlechten Prognose konfrontiert. Neuere Studien legen nahe, dass eine spezifische aktive Immuntherapie gegen MYCN ein vielversprechender Ansatz zur Bekämpfung dieser malignen Erkrankung darstellen könnte. Zur Untersuchung dieser Hypothese wurde ein sogenanntes Minigen-Vakzin, welches für drei ausgewählte Epitope aus der MYCN-AS-Sequenz kodiert, generiert. Die Auswahl der Minigen-Epitope erfolgte mit dem MHC-Liganden-Vorhersageprogramm syfpeithi, welches drei starke H2-Kk-Liganden lieferte. Außerdem wurden zwei weitere Vakzine hergestellt: als Negativkontrolle MYCNLow, dessen MYCN-Peptide laut syfpeithi schlechte MHC-Klasse-I-Liganden darstellen und ein cDNA-Vakzin auf Basis der gesamten MYCN-cDNA-Sequenz. Zur Applikation der Vakzine wurden attenuierte Salmonella typhimurium SL7207 verwendet, die eine zusätzliche Stimulierung des mukosalen Immunsystems hervorrufen. Für die Untersuchung der Impfstoffe in vivo wurden zwei neuartige immunkompetente NB-Mausmodelle etabliert. Dazu wurden die syngenen NXS2/C1300 A/J-Mausmodelle soweit modifiziert, dass sie über eine induzierbare MYCN-Expression verfügten. Nach Auswahl und Charakterisierung geeigneter Transfektanten in vitro und in vivo wurde in diesen Modellen die Wirksamkeit der Vakzine untersucht. In diesen Versuchen konnte mit Hilfe der Vakzine das Primärtumorwachstum von NXS2-MYCN in geimpften Tieren signifikant im Vergleich zu Kontrollen reduziert und die Metastasierung durch C1300-MYCN Zellen signifikant verzögert werden. Mit den in-vivo-Versuchen anschließenden Analysen wurde schließlich bewiesen, dass die Immunantwort durch tumorinfiltrierende MYCN-spezifische zytotoxische CD8+ T-Zellen vermittelt wird. Zusammenfassend konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine MYCN-DNA-Vakzinierung erfolgreich zur Behandlungen MYCN-exprimierender NB im Mausmodell eingesetzt werden kann. / High-level expression of MYCN protein caused by amplification of the gene characterizes a malignant phenotype of neuroblastoma (NB). Recent studies suggest that MYCN might be a promising target for immunotherapy. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of three MYCN-specific DNA vaccines. Two minigene vaccines were generated; each encoded for three selected epitopes of the MYCN protein sequence with the highest, or as a control lowest, predicted affinity to MHC-Class-I Molecules. The third vaccine based on the cDNA of MYCN. Salmonella typhimurium SL7207 were used as oral application vehicle for the vaccines in in vivo experiments to induce an additional stimulation of the immune system. To investigate the immunotherapeutic approach NXS2- and C1300-cells syngeneic to immunocompetent A/J-mice were stably transfected with a tetracycline inducible vector system coding for MYCN. The transfectants were characterized and established in vitro and in vivo. In the MYCN-overexpressing models vaccination with the MYCN-DNA-vaccines resulted in significant reduced primary tumor growth or decelerated metastasis spread. The immune responses in the in vivo experiments followed by orally applied MYCN-DNA vaccines was mediated by tumor infiltrating cytotoxic CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. MYCN specificity of infiltrating lymphocytes was verified by MYCN-specific cytolytic activity and IFN-gamma secretion ex vivo. Finally, we showed that blocking of MHC-class I molecule H2-Kk approbated cytotoxicity mediated by CD8+ T cells, indicating MYCN specificity of the induced immune response. In summary, we showed that a MYCN based DNA vaccination strategy is effective against MYCN-expressing NB in vivo. In light of the description of MYCN-specific T cells in NB patients, the lytic action of autologous T cells on MYCN-expressing cells and the results of this study underline the possible potential of an active immunotherapy against MYCN as an alternative therapeutic approach to treat NB.

The events that trigger an autoimmune disease remain largely unknown. To study these events animal models are necessary because symptoms of autoimmune diseases are preceded by a long asymptomatic period in humans. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the best characterized model for cell mediated autoimmunity and an animal model for the human disease multiple sclerosis. EAE is induced in rodents by immunization with myelin antigens (Ags) together with adjuvants. After immunization, T cells are primed in the periphery by Ag presenting cells and subsequently invade the central nervous system where they mediate parenchymal inflammation, resulting in demyelination and clinical symptoms of an ascending paralysis. It is now generally recognised that the main cell type mediating EAE is the T helper type 17 (Th17) cell. Tolerance to EAE can be attained by DNA vaccination, but how the immune response against the myelin Ags is abrogated after DNA vaccination is not known. By employing short interfering RNA technology, induction of the innate immune signalling molecule interferon (IFN) -β was found to be necessary for the protective effect of DNA vaccination in EAE. In addition, DNA vaccination inhibited subsequent autoimmune Th17 cell responses. The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system have evolved to recognise conserved molecular structures on microbes and signalling through them almost exclusively converge on the molecule MyD88. Signalling via MyD88 was found to be required for induction of EAE since mice deficient in this molecule did not develop disease. Upstream signalling via TLR4 and TLR9 had tolerogenic properties. In studies of Ag presentation in EAE, two major subtypes of dendritic cells (DCs) were examined. Plasmacytoid DCs were found to have a promoting role in the induction of EAE, partly via type 1 IFNs. Myeloid DCs had a redundant role in the induction phase of EAE, neither disease severity nor encephalitogenic Th17 responses were affected by their absence during priming. These studies further demonstrate that the cells and molecules of the innate immune system exhibit a crucial role in controlling the adaptive immune system which mediates tissue damage in autoimmune diseases.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a member of the family flaviviridae, is one of the most important pathogens of the developing countries, causing high mortality and morbidity amongst children. The present study is aimed at the development of a DNA vaccine for Japanese Encephalitis (JE). As a first step towards developing a DNA vaccine for JE, an eukaryotic expression plasmid encoding the envelope (E) glycoprotein of Japanese Encephalitis Virus (pCMXENV) was constructed. This plasmid expresses the E protein intracellularly, when transfected into Vero cells in culture. Several independent immunization and intracerebral (i.e.) JEV challenge experiments were carried out and the results indicate that 51% and 59% of the mice are protected from lethal i.e. JEV challenge, when immunized with pCMXENV via intramuscular (i.m.) and intranasal (i.n.) routes respectively. JEV-specific antibodies were not detected in pCMXENV-immunized mice either before or after challenge. JEV-specific T cells were observed in mice immunized with pCMXENV, which increased significantly after JEV challenge indicating the presence of vaccination-induced memory T cells. Enhanced production of interferon-y (EFN-y) and complete absence of interleukin-4 (IL-4) in splenocytes of pCMXENV-immunized mice on restimulation with JEV antigens in vitro indicated that the protection is likely to be mediated by T helper (Th) lymphocytes of the Thl sub type. These results demonstrated that immunization with a plasmid DNA expressing intracellular form of JEV E protein confers significant protection against i.e. JEV challenge even in the absence of detectable antiviral antibodies. We then examined the potency of JEV DNA vaccines as well as that of the inactivated mouse brain derived BIKEN vaccine in the i.e. challenge model. The results indicate that all the mice immunized with BIKEN JE vaccine were protected against i.e. JEV challenge while 50% protection was observed in case of mice immunized with pJME or pJNSl and 38% protection was observed in pCMXENV-immunized mice. Immunization with both pJME and pJNSl resulted in 66% protection. These results indicate that the BIKEN JE vaccine confers better protection against i.e. JEV challenge than DNA vaccines. The fact that the BIKEN vaccine conferred better protection against i.e. JEV challenge than DNA vaccines indicated that the i.e. JEV challenge model can be exploited further to examine the potency of different DNA vaccine constructs. Towards this goal, we constructed plasmids that encode secretory or nonsecretory forms of JEV E protein and examined their potency in the i.e. JEV challenge model. Our results indicate that i.m. immunization of mice with plasmid encoding secretory form of JEV E protein confers higher level (75%-80%) protection than those encoding nonsecretory forms. Cytokine analysis of splenocytes isolated from DNA immunized mice after stimulation in vitro with JEV revealed that immunization with plasmid encoding secretory form of JEV E protein induces both Thl and Th2 responses while those encoding nonsecretory forms induce only Thl type of response. Thus, synthesis of secretory form of JEV E protein results in an altered immune response leading better protection against i.e. JEV challenge. Based on our studies, we propose that both cellular and humoral immune responses play a key role in protective immunity against i.e. JEV challenge and DNA vaccines that can induce higher levels of neutralizing antibodies will be as efficient as the BIKEN vaccine in conferring protection against i.e. JEV challenge.

Le phénomène dit de domestication moléculaire qui a été rapporté pour certains transposons à ADN a abouti à la formation de néogènes qui codent des protéines potentiellement impliquées dans la stabilité du génome de part une activité recombinase. L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier l’expression de 23 recombinases néogéniques d’intérêt dérivées de transpsons à ADN dans une série de cancers colorectaux. Nous avons fabriqué de nouveaux anticorps performants pour l’étude en western blot et en immunofluorescence de l’expression du gène SETMAR qui code pour la protéine Metnase dans des lignées cancéreuse différentes et dans des tissus du côlon tumoraux et normaux. Nos résultats démontrent que la vaccination d’ADN avec la formulation utilisée est une méthode qui donne de meilleurs résultats que l'injection de peptide ou protéines purifiées. Nous avons observé une expression de la protéine metnase dans des lignées cancéreuses de cancer du côlon, de leucémie et de cancer du sein. Le niveau d’expression de cette protéine Metnase dans le cancer du côlon semble être associé au statut MSI ce qui suggère un rôle de cette protéine dans les mécanismes de carcinogenèse et de progression tumorale. / During a phenomena known as molecular domestication has been reported for some DNA transposons leading to the formation of Neogenes which encode proteins potentially involved in the genome stability. The objective of this work is to study the expression of 23 neogenic recombinases of interest derived from DNA transpsons in a series of frozen colorectal cancers. We have manufactured new effective antibodies for the study of the expression of SETMAR gene which encode Metnase protein in different cancer cell lines and tissues of colon tumoral and normal by the method of Western blot and immunofluorescence. Our results demonstrate that DNA vaccination with the formulation used here is a method that gives better results than the injection of peptide or purified proteins. We observed an expression of Metnase protein in cell lines of colorectal cancer, leukemia and breast cancer. The level of expression of the Metnase protein in colon cancer appears to be associated to the MSI status which suggests a role for this protein in the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and tumor progression.

La vaccination ADN à l’aide de plasmides codant pour des autoantigènes s’est avérée efficace dans la protection contre plusieurs maladies auto-immunes. Le but de ce mémoire était dans un premier temps d’établir si un protocole de vaccination ADN composé de 3 injections de pCMV-CTLA-4-NP et de pVR-IL-12 à deux semaines d’intervalle avait un effet protecteur contre le développement d’une hépatite auto-immune chez la souris TTR-NP, un modèle murin transgénique de la maladie et précédemment développé au laboratoire. Dans un deuxième temps, le but était d’élucider, le cas échéant, les mécanismes sous-tendant la protection conférée par la vaccination ADN. Les hypothèses initiales étaient qu’une protection allait effectivement être conférée par la vaccination ADN et que celle-ci pouvait être attribuable à une déviation de la réponse typiquement Th1 de la maladie vers une réponse Th2, à un épuisement des cellules immunitaires et/ou à l’activation et à l’induction de prolifération de cellules régulatrices. Les résultats montrent que la vaccination ADN induit une protection transitoire contre le développement d’infiltrations lymphocytaires au foie. Cette protection se ferait via un épuisement des cellules CD4+, CD8+ et CD19+ se retrouvant à la rate et exprimant PD 1 dans une plus forte proportion à 3 mois, et ne serait médiée ni par les lymphocytes T régulateurs CD4+CD25+FoxP3+, ni par les cellules CD8+FoxP3+. Une déviation de la réponse Th1 vers une réponse Th2 demeure une explication supplémentaire plausible à la protection conférée mais nécessiterait une caractérisation en situation plus physiologique avant de pouvoir inférer sur son implication réelle. La vaccination ADN n’influe ni sur la présence d’autoanticorps, ni sur les niveaux d’alanine aminotransférase, deux marqueurs de la maladie. / DNA immunizations were proven effective in a range of autoimmune diseases. The first goal of this master’s thesis was thus to evaluate if a protocol of 3 intramuscular plasmidic injections of pCMV-CTLA4-NP and pVR-IL-12, at 2 weeks apart, would protect TTR-NP mice, a transgenic murine model previously developed in the laboratory, against the development of an autoimmune hepatitis. The second goal was, if the protection was indeed conferred by DNA vaccination, to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this effect. The initial hypotheses were that DNA vaccination would indeed elicit a protection against autoimmune hepatitis, and that this could be attributed to a skew from the typical Th1 response to a more tolerogenic Th2 response, to the exhaustion of the immune cells and/or to the activation and the proliferation of regulatory T cells. Results show that DNA vaccination induces a transient protection against lymphocytic infiltrates in the liver. This protection is thought to be caused by the exhaustion of the CD4+, CD8+ and CD19+ cells found in the spleen and expressing PD-1 in greater proportion at 3 months, and not to be mediated by CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ or CD8+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. An immunomodulation from a Th1 to a Th2 response could still be a plausible explanation by the protection conferred by the DNA vaccination, but additional experimentations in a more physiological setting would be necessary to infer on its real implication. DNA vaccination had no effect on autoantibodies or on alanine aminotransferase levels, which are two biological markers of the disease.

Das Neuroblastom ist der am weitesten verbreitete solide, extrakranielle Tumor im Kindesalter. Trotz intensiver Forschung sind die Überlebensraten von Patienten mit fortgeschrittenem Tumorwachstum nach wie vor schlecht. Die Idee, eine zelluläre, langanhaltende Immunantwort im Körper zu induzieren, vermittelt durch zytotoxische CD8+T-Zellen, die sich gegen den Tumor richten, scheint dabei besonders attraktiv. Als tumorassoziiertes Antigen (TAA) wurde zu diesem Zweck für diese Arbeit die murine Tyrosinhydroxylase (mTH), das Schrittmacherenzym der Katecholaminbiosynthese, gewählt, da sie in der Mehrzahl der Neuroblastome stark überexprimiert ist. Für die Impfexperimente wurden sog. DNA-Minigen-Vakzine, die für Peptide aus der mTH-Sequenz kodieren, konstruiert. Die Auswahl Minigen-Peptide erfolgte mit dem MHC-Klasse-I-Liganden-Vorhersageprogramm syfpeithi, welches drei vorhergesagte starke H2-Kk-Liganden lieferte (mTH3k). Außerdem wurden zwei weitere Vakzine hergestellt: als Negativkontrolle das Vakzin mTHlowest, dessen mTH-Peptide laut syfpeithi schlechte MHC-Klasse-I-Liganden darstellen und das Vakzin Ersatzepis, dessen Peptide auf der Oberfläche von murinen NXS2-Neuroblastomzellen aus MHC-Klasse-I-Komplexen isoliert werden konnten. Sowohl in prophylaktischen als auch therapeutischen Impfversuchen in Mäusen konnte das Tumorwachstum und die spontane Metastasierung in sekundäre Organe wie die Leber signifikant verhindert werden. Außerdem konnte gezeigt werden, daß der Antitumoreffekt auf der Induktion mTH-spezifischer, zytotoxischer CD8+T Zellen (CTLs) beruht. Zusätzlich und insbesondere interessant für eine eventuelle klinische Anwendung eines auf der TH basierenden DNA-Vakzins verursachte das mTH-Minigen-Vakzin zumindest in Mäusen keine Aktivierung selbst-reaktiver CD8+T-Zellen. Alles in allem lassen die in dieser Arbeit erhaltenen Ergebnisse den Schluß zu, daß sich die Tyrosinhydroxylase als TAA in Form eines DNA-Vakzins zur adjuvanten Therapie des Neuroblastoms eignet. / Therapeutic vaccination against tumor antigens without induction of autoimmunity remains a major challenge in cancer immunotherapy. Here, we demonstrate for the first time effective therapeutic vaccination followed by eradication of established spontaneous neuroblastoma metastases using a tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) DNA minigene vaccine. We identified three novel mouse TH (mTH3) derived peptides with high predicted binding affinity to MHC class I H2-Kk according to prediction program syfpeithi and computer modeling of epitopes into MHC class I binding groove. Subsequently, a DNA minigene vaccine based on pCMV-F3Ub encoding for mutated ubiquitin (G76 to A76) and mTH3 was generated. Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of this vaccine was established following oral delivery using attenuated Salmonella typhimurium SL7207. Only mice immunized with mTH3 were free of spontaneous liver metastases. This effect was clearly dependant on ubiquitin and high affinity of the mTH epitopes to MHC class I. Specifically, we demonstrated a crucial role for minigene expression as a stable ubiquitin-Ala76 fusion peptide for vaccine efficacy. Interestingly, the unstable wild type ubiquitin-Gly76 vaccine was completely ineffective. The immune response following mTH3 DNA minigene vaccination was mediated by CD8+ T-cells as indicated by infiltration of primary tumors and TH specific cytolytic activity in vitro. Importantly, no infiltration was detectable in TH expressing adrenal medulla, indicating the absence of auto immunity. In summary, we demonstrate effective therapeutic vaccination against neuroblastoma with a novel rationally designed tyrosine hydroxylase minigene vaccine without induction of autoimmunity providing an important base line for clinical application of this strategy.

La vaccination ADN à l’aide de plasmides codant pour des autoantigènes s’est avérée efficace dans la protection contre plusieurs maladies auto-immunes. Le but de ce mémoire était dans un premier temps d’établir si un protocole de vaccination ADN composé de 3 injections de pCMV-CTLA-4-NP et de pVR-IL-12 à deux semaines d’intervalle avait un effet protecteur contre le développement d’une hépatite auto-immune chez la souris TTR-NP, un modèle murin transgénique de la maladie et précédemment développé au laboratoire. Dans un deuxième temps, le but était d’élucider, le cas échéant, les mécanismes sous-tendant la protection conférée par la vaccination ADN. Les hypothèses initiales étaient qu’une protection allait effectivement être conférée par la vaccination ADN et que celle-ci pouvait être attribuable à une déviation de la réponse typiquement Th1 de la maladie vers une réponse Th2, à un épuisement des cellules immunitaires et/ou à l’activation et à l’induction de prolifération de cellules régulatrices. Les résultats montrent que la vaccination ADN induit une protection transitoire contre le développement d’infiltrations lymphocytaires au foie. Cette protection se ferait via un épuisement des cellules CD4+, CD8+ et CD19+ se retrouvant à la rate et exprimant PD 1 dans une plus forte proportion à 3 mois, et ne serait médiée ni par les lymphocytes T régulateurs CD4+CD25+FoxP3+, ni par les cellules CD8+FoxP3+. Une déviation de la réponse Th1 vers une réponse Th2 demeure une explication supplémentaire plausible à la protection conférée mais nécessiterait une caractérisation en situation plus physiologique avant de pouvoir inférer sur son implication réelle. La vaccination ADN n’influe ni sur la présence d’autoanticorps, ni sur les niveaux d’alanine aminotransférase, deux marqueurs de la maladie. / DNA immunizations were proven effective in a range of autoimmune diseases. The first goal of this master’s thesis was thus to evaluate if a protocol of 3 intramuscular plasmidic injections of pCMV-CTLA4-NP and pVR-IL-12, at 2 weeks apart, would protect TTR-NP mice, a transgenic murine model previously developed in the laboratory, against the development of an autoimmune hepatitis. The second goal was, if the protection was indeed conferred by DNA vaccination, to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this effect. The initial hypotheses were that DNA vaccination would indeed elicit a protection against autoimmune hepatitis, and that this could be attributed to a skew from the typical Th1 response to a more tolerogenic Th2 response, to the exhaustion of the immune cells and/or to the activation and the proliferation of regulatory T cells. Results show that DNA vaccination induces a transient protection against lymphocytic infiltrates in the liver. This protection is thought to be caused by the exhaustion of the CD4+, CD8+ and CD19+ cells found in the spleen and expressing PD-1 in greater proportion at 3 months, and not to be mediated by CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ or CD8+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. An immunomodulation from a Th1 to a Th2 response could still be a plausible explanation by the protection conferred by the DNA vaccination, but additional experimentations in a more physiological setting would be necessary to infer on its real implication. DNA vaccination had no effect on autoantibodies or on alanine aminotransferase levels, which are two biological markers of the disease.

Transmis par les moustiques, le virus de la fièvre de la vallée du Rift (vFVR) est un virus zoonotique qui affecte principalement les ruminants en Afrique et conduit à des pertes économiques importantes. Il n’existe actuellement pas de traitements et les seuls vaccins disponibles sont à usage vétérinaire. Le développement de nouveaux vaccins plus sûrs contre le vFVR est une priorité de l’OMS en raison du risque d’émergence de cet arbovirus dans d’autres continents. Dans cette étude, nous avons développé une vaccination à ADN optimisée contre le vFVR qui consiste à administrer par voie cutanée un plasmide codant pour l’ectodomaine de la glycoprotéine de surface Gn du vFVR (eGn) en présence d’un plasmide adjuvant codant le GM-CSF et combinée avec une électroporation. De plus, nous avons également optimisé la vaccination à ADN en l’associant à la stratégie de ciblage des cellules dendritiques (DCs) via un plasmide qui code des fragments d’anticorps scFv fusionnés avec l’eGn dirigés contre les récepteurs DEC205 et CD11c exprimés à la surface des DCs. Les vaccins ont été testés chez le mouton, hôte naturel du virus et dans le modèle murin pour étudier les mécanismes de protection. Dans nos deux modèles d’études, l’immunisation par le plasmide codant l’eGn confère une meilleure protection après une épreuve virale ainsi qu’une forte production d’anticorps non neutralisants par rapport au ciblage des DCs. En revanche, le ciblage d’eGn vers des récepteurs de DCs protège partiellement contre une épreuve virale et induit une immunogénicité différente dans les deux espèces. Nous avons confirmé le rôle protecteur de ces anticorps anti-eGn par un transfert passif dans le modèle murin et le mécanisme d’action de ces anticorps protecteurs reste encore à être déterminé. Notre étude montre pour la première fois la protection par un vaccin à ADN contre le vFVR chez le mouton. / The Rift valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne virus that mainly affect ruminants in Africa, resulting in economic burden. There is currently no treatment and only vaccine for veterinary use against the RVFV are available. The development of new and safer vaccine is urgently needed due to the risk of introduction of this arbovirus to other continents. In the present work, we developed an optimized DNA vaccination against RVFV using a plasmid encoding the ectodomain of surface glycoprotein Gn (eGn) of RVFV into the skin with plasmid adjuvant encoding GM-CSF and electroporation in sheep. We further optimized the DNA vaccination using dendritic cell targeting strategy with a plasmid encoding a single chain fragment variable (scFv) fused with eGn directed to two DC receptors, DEC205 and CD11c. The efficacy of the vaccines were tested in the sheep, the natural host and in the mouse model to investigate the mechanism of protection. In both models non-targeted eGn vaccine confer a better clinical protection and higher non-neutralizing antibody production than DC-targeted vaccine. However, in both models eGn targeting to DEC205 differentially affected the immune response and induced a partial protection after a challenge. We further demonstrated that non-neutralizing antibodies induced by native eGn protect mice by passive transfer. The mechanism mediated by these antibodies remains to be investigated. Overall, this work indicates the proof of concept that DNA vaccine can confer protection against the RVFV in the sheep.