Diarmament at the beginning of the 21st Century: Development of the contractual approaches on the reduction of strategic arms between the United States of America and the Russian Federation The aim of this diploma thesis is the theoretical assumption of the contemporary development of treaties instruments dealing with the disarmament dilemma from the international law's point of view, or setting the new (or renegotiated) treaty approach on reduction of the strategic arms between the Russian Federation and the United States of America into the wider context of international treaties, analysis of the new disarmament treaty denoted as The New START Treaty, which replaced START I Treaty, and its comparison with the previous treaties and drafts of treaties. In doing so this thesis also summarises the longer-range development of the bilateral treaty approaches on the reduction of strategic arms between the United States and Russia, or the Soviet Union respectivelly, which goes back deep into the times of the Cold War and comprises the crucial negotiations of SALT and INF treaties. The thesis focuses not only to the text of the treaties and their drafts alone but also on the particular stages of negotiations. Then, The New START Treaty is the subject of more detailed analysis in the final two chapters, as...

Thepurposeofthis thesis was to determinewhethermy assembledtutorial has a positive impact on thetechniqueofthelow start and swing run. Thetheoretical part explainsthekeywordsthat are necessaryforanunderstandingoftheissues. In thepractical partwasshooted a filestudentsduring a lowstarting and swing runningthenwasappliedtheassembledtutorial to this sample ofstudents and thenwasshootedthe video again. Evaluationoftheresearchwasperformed by comparingtherecordedvideos. Thanks to thisprocedurewasfoundthe influence ofthetutorial on thetechniqueduringlowstarting and the swing phaseof run. Keywords: running, low start, swing running, athletics

Master's thesis on the topic Business plan of SME introduces theoretical description of business plan, where it describes reasons of being of the business plans and entrepreneurship and then individual points of business plan. That includes setting up the targets of the company, description of business activities using different methods till financing. Practical part creates new business plan. This plan starts a restaurant as a first step for future franchise chain. The target of the thesis is development of business plan and verifying it's feasibility. Theoretical part will be straightly implemented to the development of the practical part.

This study utilized a qualitative approach to explore how Healthy Start home visiting services affect participants' parenting and lives in general. The purpose of this study was to explore both the intended and unintended outcomes of Healthy Start, using the theory of transformative learning. This theory postulates that through education individuals examine their thoughts, beliefs, and behaviors. This self-examination results in changes in self-perception that can impact lives in many unexpected ways. Through interviews with 20 families, who had participated in Healthy Start for at least 6 months, families reported both anticipated and unanticipated changes in their lives. It was found that Healthy Start influences a variety of positive outcomes for families. Previous quantitative findings were supported. According to the parents interviewed, Healthy Start is achieving its intended outcomes and goals. Parents reported greater ability to access health care services, improvements in their home learning environment, and improved interactions with their child. Parents also indicated increased knowledge of child development and community resources. Findings also provided support for the occurrence of transformative learning. Interviewed parents indicated that their involvement with Healthy Start impacted more than just their parenting. Through a supportive relationship and goal setting, the participants were able to reach beyond basic parent education. The interviews suggest that the mechanism for transformative learning lies in the supportive, non-threatening relationship that develops between parent and home visitor. This supportive relationship, in addition to guided goals setting, enhances a parent's feelings of self-efficacy and increases their ability to make life changes and persist in the face of challenges. Parents reported improved relationships with others, increased feelings of confidence, and the ability to accomplish otherwise unattainable things. / Graduation date: 2002

The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is an electrochemical device used for the production of power, which is a key for the transition towards green and renewable power delivery devices for mobile, stationary and back-up power applications. PEMFCs consume hydrogen and oxygen to produce power, water and heat. The transient start-up from sub-zero freezing temperature conditions is a problem for the successful, undamaged and unhindered operation. The generation and presence of water in the PEMFC stack in such an environment leads to the formation of ice that hinders the flow of gases, causes morphological changes in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) leading to reversible and irreversible degradation of stack performance. Start-up performance is highly dependent on start-up operational conditions and procedures. The previous state of the stack will influence the ability to perform upon the next start-up and operation. Water generated during normal operation is vital and improves performance when properly managed. Liquid water present at shut-down can form ice and cause unwanted start-up effects. This phase change may cause damage to the MEA and gas diffusion media due to volume expansion. Removal of high water content at shutdown decreases proton conductivity which can delay start-up times. The United States Department of Energy (DOE) has established a set of criteria that will make fuel cell technology viable when attained. As specified by DOE, an 80 kWe fuel cell will be required by 2015 to reach 50% power in 30 seconds from start-up at an ambient temperature of -20°C. This work investigates freeze start-up in a multi-kilowatt stack approaching both shut-down conditioning and start-up operations to improve performance, moderate fuel cell damage and determine the limits of current stack technology. The investigation involved a Hydrogenics Corporation 5 kW 506 series fuel cell stack. The investigation is completed through conditioning the fuel cell start-up performance at various temperatures ranging from -5°C to below -20°C. The control of system start-up temperature is achieved with an environmental chamber that maintains the desired set point during dwell time and start-up. The supply gases for the experiment are conditioned at ambient stack temperature to create a realistic environment that could be experienced in colder weather climates. Temperature controls aim to maintain steady ambient temperatures during progressive start-up in order to best simulate ambient conditions. The control and operation of the fuel cell is maintained by the use of a fuel cell automated test station (FCATS™). FCATS supplies gas feeds, coolant medium and can control temperature and reactant humidity in reactants according to a prescribed procedure for continuous operation. The iv collection of data occurs by the same system recording cell voltage, temperatures, pressures, flow rates and current densities. A procedural start-up and characterization are conducted in order improve start-of performance and examine reactant flows, coolant activation time, stack conditioning and the effects by freezing temperatures. The resulting degradation is investigated by polarization curves and various ex-situ measurements. In this work, it was found that freeze start-up of a fuel cell stack can be aided and managed by conditioning the stack at shut-down and applying a procedure to successfully start-up and mitigate the damage that freezing can cause.

Nowadays in a turbulent market, developing and launching a new product is one of most competitive strategies implemented by many large and small enterprises. In fact, launching a new product depends upon the performance of four critical functions: design, manufacturing, distribution and marketing. Their performances would increase or decrease the total time-to-market and consequently time-to-money. Time-to-market would be improved if the manufacturing system can diminish time-to-volume/quality/cost during production start-up phase. In order to overcome the impediment during a start-up phase, the significant parameters which are influencing a production start-up phase should be identified and managed. Hence, a system-wide approach would facilitate a product realization process so as to achieve global optimization throughout the entire process. One of such systems is Concurrent Engineering which can be applied owing to being enable to choose the best practice to improve product introduction process, being capable to improve cross functional integration and communication, and being empowered to apply a set of comprehensive methods for design analysis so that designers can select the most optimal design solution which is not only considering the design constraints, but also taking the constraints of production system, logistics and distribution into account. Hence, it can cover majority of problems in start-up phase which are generated due to lack of empathy between design and manufacturing. This research studied the significant parameters influencing a production start-up phase. Then, it investigated whether the principle of concurrent engineering would support an efficient start-up phase. The selected research methodology is based on a conceptual and supportive literature review of the current scholars. The research design is according to a three-step process which is applied to catch most relevant literatures. The research implements an analogy reasoning logic to establish the outcome of the research through the comparison between principles of a concurrent engineering program and significant parameters. As a result of the research, the significant parameters are identified, in addition, a managerial framework is structured that can present the requirements to manage an efficient start-up phase. Moreover, the results indicate how a concurrent engineering program would support a start-up phase.

Tyrimo objektas: Įvairaus amžiaus sportininkų 20 metrų bėgimo iš aukšto ir žemo starto rezultatas. Tyrimo tikslas: Išanalizuoti įvairaus amžiaus sportininkų 20 metrų bėgimo iš aukšto ir žemo starto rezultatus ir jų skirtumo priežastis. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti skirtingo amžiaus sportininkų rezultatų skirtumą tarp 20 m bėgimo iš aukšto ir žemo starto. 2. Nustatyti rezultatų skirtumo tarp 20 m bėgimo iš aukšto ir žemo starto priežastis vaikų amžiaus grupėje. 3. Nustatyti rezultatų skirtumo tarp 20 m bėgimo iš aukšto ir žemo starto priežastis suaugusių amžiaus grupėje. Tiriamieji: Skirtingo amžiaus sprinteriai. Hipotezė: Jaunesnio amžiaus sprinteriai parodo geresnius rezultatus bėgant 20 m iš aukšto starto nei iš žemo starto Pagrindiniai rezultatai: 9-14 metų sportininkai geresnius 20 metrų bėgimo rezultatus parodė bėgdami iš aukšto starto, jų rezultato vidurkis 3,81±0,3 (s) . 15-16 metų sportininkai parodė panašius rezultatus bėgdami tiek iš aukšto, tiek iš žemo starto, jų rezultato vidurkis 3,65±0,2 (s) . O patys vyriausi bėgikai 21-23 metų geriausius rezultatus parodė bėgdami iš starto atramėlių jų rezultatas 3,07±0,15 (s) . Testuojant 2013 metais, 9-14 metų sportininkus, jie taip pat parodė geresnius rezultatus bėgant iš aukšto starto 3,75±0,2 (s), bėgdami iš žemo starto jie parodė 3,93±0,3 (s). Aukšto meisriškumo sportininkai bėgdami iš žemo starto parodė 2,93±0,2 (s) laiką, o iš aukšto 3,15±0,3 (s). Išvados: 1. Didesnio meistriškumo (suaugusių amžiaus grupės)... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object: The athletes of all ages 20 meters running from the high and low start results The main aim: Analysis of the athletes of all ages 20 meters running from standing and block start results and their reasons for the difference. Objectives of the study: 1. Determine the difference between the results of different age of athletes running 20 meters from standing and block start. 2. Determine the difference between the results of the 20 meters of running from standing and block start reason child age group. 3. Determine the difference between the results of 20 meters of running from standing and block start of the adult age group. Research: Different age sprinters. Hypothesis: For younger sprinters show improved results over 20 meters from a high of start than the low start. The main results:9-14 years-old athlete running 20 meters have shown better results fleeing from a standing start, the average of the results are 3,81±0,3 (s). 15-16 years-old athlete running 20 meters have shown similar results but fleeing from both the standing and the block starts, the average of the results are 3,65±0,2 (s). And, the oldest runners 21-23 years-old had showed the best score while running from the block acceleration, their the average of the results are 3,21±0,15 (s.). By 2013 9-14 years-old athletes results, we can see, that they also had showed better results over time from a standing start 3,75±0,2 (s), running from a block start 3,93±0,3 (s). High-skills athletes running from... [to full text]

Denna studie är av kvalitativ art och syftar till att undersöka huruvida crowdfunding kan överbrygga ett eventuellt finansiellt gap för svenska företag och entreprenörer. Undersökningen fokuserar på tre typer av respondenter, vilka är representerade av företag som brukar crowdfunding som finansieringsform, bolag som fungerar likt ombud för att förmedla kapital med hjälp av finansieringsformen samt respondenter vilka opererar likt investerare i projekten. Studien teoretiska referensram är uppdelad i två sektioner, varav den första avser att beskriva crowdfunding utifrån generiska teorier, vilka utgörs av the Pecking Order Theory samt the Agency Principal Theory. Den andra sektionen ämnar mer specifikt beskriva crowdfunding samt belysa dess revenyer och brister och utgörs av tidigare forskning inom området. Studien mynnar ut i en slutsats att crowdfunding, genom dess tre former, kan utgöra en lösning i form av att metoden kan fungera likt ett komplement för att åter balansera det finansiella vakuum nyföretagare upplever i samband med erhållande av kapital. / This is a qualitative study which aims to investigate whether crowdfunding can fill up a financial gap for Swedish companies. The survey focuses on three types of respondents, which are represented by companies who uses crowdfunding as financing, companies that acts like an agent for providing capital through crowdfunding and respondents which operates as investors in crowdfunding projects. The study’s theoretical framework is divided into two sections, the first of which relates to describe crowdfunding based on generic theories, which consists of the Pecking Order Theory and the Agency Principal Theory. The second section intends to, more specifically, describe crowdfunding and highlight its shortcomings as well as its advantages and consists of previous research within the field. The study culminates in a conclusion that crowdfunding, through its three forms, can be a solution in sense that the method can be used as a complement to rebalance the financial vacuum new enterprises experience in relation to obtaining capital.

Problem: The increasing interest in academic, and general, entrepreneurship increases the need for venture capital. The venture capital is provided to the inventor by an external investor who gains financial or societal benefits from his investment. The increasing interest in entrepreneurship makes is interesting to understand the sources of power that influence the relationship between the investor and the inventor. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to indicate how different sources of power influence the relationship between inventors and investors in academic start-ups. Methodology: This study has been carried out with a qualitative approach. Data has mainly been collected from four interviews at three different companies. The interviews were complemented with previous research findings and laws from the book of laws. Findings: The empirical findings indicate that the investigated relation mainly is influenced by the expertise from the inventor during the early stages of the start-­up. This indicates that the expert power is the most significant source of power. KeyWords: Entrepreneurship, Academic Entrepreneurship, Start-­ups, Academic Start-ups, Investor relationship, Venture Capital, New Ventures, Spin-­off

The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is an electrochemical device used for the production of power, which is a key for the transition towards green and renewable power delivery devices for mobile, stationary and back-up power applications. PEMFCs consume hydrogen and oxygen to produce power, water and heat. The transient start-up from sub-zero freezing temperature conditions is a problem for the successful, undamaged and unhindered operation. The generation and presence of water in the PEMFC stack in such an environment leads to the formation of ice that hinders the flow of gases, causes morphological changes in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) leading to reversible and irreversible degradation of stack performance. Start-up performance is highly dependent on start-up operational conditions and procedures. The previous state of the stack will influence the ability to perform upon the next start-up and operation. Water generated during normal operation is vital and improves performance when properly managed. Liquid water present at shut-down can form ice and cause unwanted start-up effects. This phase change may cause damage to the MEA and gas diffusion media due to volume expansion. Removal of high water content at shutdown decreases proton conductivity which can delay start-up times. The United States Department of Energy (DOE) has established a set of criteria that will make fuel cell technology viable when attained. As specified by DOE, an 80 kWe fuel cell will be required by 2015 to reach 50% power in 30 seconds from start-up at an ambient temperature of -20°C. This work investigates freeze start-up in a multi-kilowatt stack approaching both shut-down conditioning and start-up operations to improve performance, moderate fuel cell damage and determine the limits of current stack technology. The investigation involved a Hydrogenics Corporation 5 kW 506 series fuel cell stack. The investigation is completed through conditioning the fuel cell start-up performance at various temperatures ranging from -5°C to below -20°C. The control of system start-up temperature is achieved with an environmental chamber that maintains the desired set point during dwell time and start-up. The supply gases for the experiment are conditioned at ambient stack temperature to create a realistic environment that could be experienced in colder weather climates. Temperature controls aim to maintain steady ambient temperatures during progressive start-up in order to best simulate ambient conditions. The control and operation of the fuel cell is maintained by the use of a fuel cell automated test station (FCATS™). FCATS supplies gas feeds, coolant medium and can control temperature and reactant humidity in reactants according to a prescribed procedure for continuous operation. The iv collection of data occurs by the same system recording cell voltage, temperatures, pressures, flow rates and current densities. A procedural start-up and characterization are conducted in order improve start-of performance and examine reactant flows, coolant activation time, stack conditioning and the effects by freezing temperatures. The resulting degradation is investigated by polarization curves and various ex-situ measurements. In this work, it was found that freeze start-up of a fuel cell stack can be aided and managed by conditioning the stack at shut-down and applying a procedure to successfully start-up and mitigate the damage that freezing can cause.