Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-04-14T19:23:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação_Sayonara_CD.pdf: 3440704 bytes, checksum: cc86a2b97e39029b3a7f7a0494f3bc9b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-14T19:23:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação_Sayonara_CD.pdf: 3440704 bytes, checksum: cc86a2b97e39029b3a7f7a0494f3bc9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-29 / Propesq/UFPE, Capes,Reuni/UFPE / O cuidado da criança envolve diferentes pessoas, concepções e práticas em contextos culturais específicos. Partindo da psicoetologia, uma perspectiva interacionista que possui um olhar biopsicossocial do ser humano – considerando que seu comportamento, assim como sua estrutura orgânica e corporal, é produto e instrumento de seu processo de evolução – o cuidado da criança pode ser compreendido a partir do cuidado parental. Este é concebido como um conjunto de ações e comportamentos selecionados ao longo da história evolutiva da espécie, de modo a garantir a sobrevivência da prole, ajustando-o a transformações socioculturais que caracterizam o modo de vida dos seres humanos. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar as redes de cuidadores de crianças de zero a seis anos por cuidadores familiares e não familiares em uma comunidade de baixa renda da cidade do Recife. De forma específica, buscou-se identificar, descrever e discutir rotinas, práticas e redes sociais de apoio que configurem o cuidado da criança, bem como perquirir modos compartilhados de cuidar da criança e as significações atribuídas ao cuidado por familiares ou outros adultos que compartilham essa tarefa. Participaram da pesquisa trinta mulheres: 16 mães, 9 avós, 2 babás, 2 empregadas domésticas e 1 tia, na faixa etária de 20 a 80 anos que tinham pelos menos uma criança de zero a seis anos sob seus cuidados. Os dados foram coletados mediante visitas à comunidade com a realização de entrevistas nas residências das participantes, o que possibilitou observar importantes aspectos do cuidado da criança e complementar os dados das entrevistas. O material coletado foi organizado de modo quantitativo, sendo, assim, possível indicar o número de integrantes das redes de cuidado, o número de homens e mulheres e de familiares e não familiares dessas redes, a frequência de crianças a instituições educacionais e outros aspectos relevantes para a caracterização da tarefa de cuidar das crianças. Realizou-se também uma análise qualitativa, buscando-se identificar núcleos de sentidos realçados nas falas das participantes. Os resultados apontam as redes de cuidadores como um importante apoio às famílias e como estratégia para compartilhar o cuidado da criança, sendo tais redes constituídas majoritariamente por mulheres familiares que residem com a criança. A prevalência feminina nas tarefas de cuidado tanto da criança quanto da casa também é um aspecto de destaque, sinalizando a manutenção de uma divisão tradicional das tarefas de cuidado e a sobrecarga de atividades enfrentada pelas mulheres. E, por fim, a instituição educacional se sobressai como um importante componente na maioria das redes de cuidadores, porém se identifica pouca confiabilidade na creche ou no CMEI, o que instiga um olhar mais atento para as questões que envolvem a opção dos pais em compartilhar ou não o cuidado/educação da criança com essa instituição e para o tipo de serviço que ela oferece. Conclui-se que investigar a rede de cuidadores da criança suscita importantes aspectos acerca da dinâmica do grupo familiar com poucos recursos financeiros. Além disso, estudos como este têm um potencial de subsidiar políticas públicas que promovam melhores condições para a criança e a família. / Child care involves different people, concepts and practices in specific cultural contexts. Based on Psychoethology, an interactionist perspective that has a biopsychosocial look on the human being – considering that their behavior and their organic and body structure constitute both a product and an instrument of their process of evolution – the child care can be understood from parental care. This is conceived as a set of actions and behaviors selected along the evolutionary history of the species, as to ensure the survival of the offspring, adjusting it to sociocultural changes that characterize the way of living of human beings. This research aims to investigate the network of caregivers of children aged zero to six years by family and nonfamily caregivers in a low income community in Recife. Specifically, it was sought to identify, describe and discuss routines, practices and social support networks that constitute the child's care as well as to assert shared modes of child care and the meanings assigned to care by relatives or other adults who share this task. Thirty women participated in the study: 16 mothers, 9 grandmothers, 2 babysitters, 2 maids and 1 aunt, aged 20-80 years who had at least one child from birth to six years under their care. Data were collected by means of visits to their community with interviews held in the homes of the participants, which made it possible to observe important aspects of child care and complement the interview data. The collected material was organized in a quantitative manner, indicating the number of participants of the networks of care, the number of men and women as well as the family and nonfamily members of these networks, the attendance of children in educational institutions and other aspects relevant to the characterization of the task of taking care of the children. A qualitative analysis was also conducted, seeking to identify nuclei of meaning highlighted in the speech of the participants. The results indicate the networks of caregivers as an important support for families and as a strategy to share the care of the child, and that those networks are mostly consisted of women members of the family residing with the child. The female prevalence in care of both the child and the house is also a prominent aspect, signaling the maintenance of a traditional division of care tasks and activity overload faced by women. And finally, the educational institution stands out as an important component in most networks of caregivers, but poor reliability is identified in the day care or CMEI, which instigates a closer look into the issues involving the choice of parents to share or not to share the care / education of the child with that institution and the type of service it offers. The conclusion is that investigating the network of caregivers of children raises important issues about the dynamics of the family group with poor financial resources. Furthermore, studies like this have the potential to support public policies that promote better conditions for children and families.

1 Annotation This thesis is focused on the issues of burnout syndrome and supervision as a form of prevention. The topic is focused on staff dedicated to the seniors with dementia in day-care centers. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part is devoted to the definition of basic terms related to burnout syndrome, dementia, daily care center and supervision. Results in the practical part come from the research methods used, specifically self-prepared questionnaire and questionnaire prepared by Ch. Maslachová and Ayala Pines "Tedium Measure". Furthermore I expanded the thesis with interview with selected expert. Using open questions the area of supervision and burnout syndrome is being discussed. The primary target of this thesis is to contribute to the prevention of burnout syndrome and also to map, whether supervision is being used in day-care facilities and whether it helps preventing the burnout syndrome.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka socialtjänstens perspektiv på hur föräldrar förändrar sina roller för att på bästa sätt kunna ta sitt föräldraansvar efter en separation, speciellt om en förälder brister i sin omsorg kring barnet och hur socialtjänsten ser på sin roll i den processen. Vi har genomfört tre fokusgruppsintervjuer; en barnutredningsgrupp och två grupper från familjerätten. Alla enheter vi besökte ligger i Stockholm. Respondenterna har i fokusgrupperna fått reflektera och diskutera sina uppfattningar kring temana föräldraansvar, oro kring den andre förälderns förmåga, roller i och kring familjen samt socialtjänstens roll. Vårt resultat har analyserats med hjälp av rollteorin och mentaliseringsbegreppet. Resultatet visade att i omskapandet av föräldrarollerna efter separation är samarbete samt att minimera konflikter mellan föräldrar grundläggande. I de fall socialtjänsten är i kontakt med föräldrarna så har även de en roll i föräldraansvaret, de strävar efter att vägleda föräldrarna mot ett fullgott ansvarstagande och se till att föräldrarna behåller barnperspektivet med barnets behov i fokus. Om en förälder har förmågan att mentalisera en annan människas situation och ser dennes behov så underlättar det omskapandet av föräldrarollen efter separation precis som det vidare underlättar om föräldrar har en fungerande kommunikation mellan varandra. Den roll som är mest komplex enligt oss är den som en orolig förälder har kring barnets vistelse hos den andra föräldern. Oavsett hur relationen till den andre är så ligger det i bådas ansvar att alltid säkerställa att barnet har det bra och inte far illa. / The purpose of this paper is to examine the perspective of the Swedish social services with regard to how parents change their roles in order to best take parental responsibility following separation. We particularly examine the perspective of the social services with regard to cases in which a parent has shortcomings in his or her care of the child and how the social services view their own role in this process. We conducted three focus group interviews: one involving a child protection investigation group and two involving family law groups. All of the units visited were in Stockholm, Sweden. The respondents in the focus groups were asked to reflect and discuss their views on the themes of parental responsibility, concern about the other parent’s capacity, roles in and involving the family, and the role of the social services. Our results were analysed using role theory and the concept of mentalisation. The results showed that in changing parental roles following separation, cooperation and minimising conflict between parents is fundamental. In cases in which the social services have contact with the parents, they too have a role in parental responsibility since they endeavour to guide the parents towards taking an adequate level of responsibility and ensure that the parents maintain a children’s perspective in which the needs of the child are in focus. If a parent has the ability to mentalise another person’s situation and see his or her needs, the changing of the parental role following separation is facilitated. Likewise, it also is beneficial if parents are able to communicate with each other. The role that is most complex, in our view, is that of a concerned parent with regard to the child staying with the other parent. Regardless of the nature of their relationship, it is the responsibility of both parents to always ensure that the child receives adequate care and does not come to harm.