The results from an experimental study on the dynamic properties of sand with nonplastic silt are presented. Combined resonant column and torsional shear equipment is used to evaluate the effects of confining pressure, shearing strain, frequency, and number of cycles of loading on the dynamic properties of silty sand. The goal of this study is to determine if relationships in the literature for sands and gravels are accurate for predicting the shear modulus and material damping characteristics of soil with nonplastic fines or if the incorporation of a fines content parameter improves predictions. This goal was primarily accomplished by reconstituting and testing samples of an alluvial deposit from Dillon Dam, Dillon, Colorado according to predetermined gradation curves with variable amounts of non-plastic fines. Among the findings of this investigation are: (1) soil parameters such as Cu and D50 can be related to dynamic properties of soils with up to 25% fines, (2) the effects of non-plastic fines on the small-strain dynamic properties of soils are not very pronounced for soils with less than 25% fines, and (3) an increase in the amount of non-plastic fines in uniform soils or soils with more than 25% fines generally results in lower values of small-strain shear modulus, higher values of small-strain material damping, and more linear G/Gmax - log([gamma]) and D - log([gamma]) curves. The effect of non-contacting, larger granular particles in a finer soil matrix is also investigated along with the impact of removing larger particles from laboratory samples. / text

Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjamas koncepcinio ultralengvojo lėktuvo „Kiras“ skrydžio stabilumas. Išilginio stabilumo charakteringi parametrai skaičiuoti rankiniu būdu bei Athenos sūkurių tinklelio principu veikiančia AVL stabilumo analizės programa. Šoninio judesio spiralės režimo tikrosios reikšmės, Fugoido, trumpojo periodo bei „olandiško žingsnio“ svyravimų tikrosios reikšmės įvertintos AVL. Darbas taip pat apima svyravimų dekremento, periodo T 1/2, laiko t 1/2, svyravimų ciklinio dažnio wn, ciklų skaičiaus N 1/2 ir kt. analizę esant skirtingam lėktuvo judesiui. Ankstyvoje projektavimo stadijoje buvo rastas ultralengvojo lėktuvo spiralinis nestabilumas. Ši klaida ištaisyta priartėjimo metodu keičiant uodegos geometriją ir sparno skersinį V kampą. Skaičiavimais bei kompiuteriniu skrydžio judesio modeliavimu įvertinus rezultatus buvo sukurta nauja kilio geometrija. Galiausiai pateikiamos baigiamojo darbo išvados ir siūlymai. Darbo apimtis – 54 p. teksto be priedų (67 p. su pried.), 9 iliustr., 10 lent., 12 bibliografinių šaltinių. Atskirai pridedami darbo priedai. / Stability analysis of conceptual design ultralight aircraft “Kiras” is presented in this master’s thesis. Longitudinal stability is evaluated by manual counting and Athena vortex – lattice based AVL program. Lateral derivatives, such as eigenvalues of spiral mode, “dutch roll“, Phugoid and short period oscillations were estimated by AVL . Thesis involves analysis of damping ratio, period T 1/2, time t 1/2, ocsillation circular frequency wn, number of cycles N 1/2 of distinct aircraft motions. The range of eigenvalues for specified run cases were automatically generated by AVL eigenmode meniu. At early phase of ultralight aircraft design, spiral instability was found. This problem fixed by approach method by correction of tail geometry and wing dihedral. According to the counting results and computerized motion analysis of an airplane, the corrected geometry of vertical tail is offered. Finally, the conclusions were made. Thesis consist of: 54 p. text without appendixes (67 p. with), 9 pictures, 10 tables, 12 bibliographical notes. Appendixes included.

Damping and natural frequency of a vibrating body or a system is not easy to estimate during the design phase of~project. If the body is submerged in water, estimating becomes even more complicated. This~work focuses on experimental determination of the liquid influence on an oscillating body. The~presented modal analysis was executed on two bodies when being surrounded by air, but~also when gradually and fully submerged in water using two reservoirs with different dimensions. The collected data was analyzed with a suggested hybrid method, which determined the damping ratio and the natural frequency. Added mass was calculated employing the Ansys software. Part of the presented work focuses on the selection of a suitable time window for the Fourier transform.

Immersion of the body into the fluid creates additional effects which must be considered when designing the machines. Additional effects from the fluid influence the dynamic properties of the body. In this work the decrease of the natural frequency and the increase of the damping ratio during the gradual immersion of the body into the fluid are investigated. Diploma thesis is based on an experiment, which is performed on a series of flat strip steel components of various widths. The first three bending and first three torsion shapes of the free-hanging body are examined. Emphasis is placed on the influence of part width. In the next phase of the experiment, the influence of the proximity of the solid wall to the dynamic properties of the cantilever beam is examined. Further, the determination of the added density from the fluid is performed by modal analysis using the ANSYS software.

The diploma thesis deals with the assembly of numerical models of classical track using the finite element method in several variants. Models are compared with results obtained on analytical models. More complex models simulate the real behavior of a track running on a railway vehicle. The purpose is created methodology of modeling the railway track for use in static and dynamic analysis.

Chatter vibration is a common problem for the manufacturing industry that limits the productivity, accuracy and surface quality of machined parts. This study is focused on the out of process methods, such as Stability Lobe Diagrams (SLD), that ensure the selection of the optimal cutting parameters in which the machining process is stable. Previous studies have found that the dynamic properties of the spindle change with the rotational speed. This fact can also affect the accuracy of the SLD predictions, since, the traditional structural dynamic tests such as the Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) are carried out at static state. An alternative method for the calculation of speed - dependant SLD using a Contactless Excitation Response System (CERS) was proposed. The modal characteristics, such as natural frequencies and damping ratio were determined by EMA tests carried out at idle state whereas CERS measurements were performed at increasing rotational speeds up to 14000 rpm. Subsequently, the SLD at static and dynamic state were computed. Finally, it was concluded that there was not a significant variation of the dynamic properties and SLD prediction with spindle speed at the tested speed range (0 rev/min to 14000 rev/min). / Chatter är ett vanligt problem inom tillverkningsindustrin som begränsar produktiviteten och minskar noggrannheten och kvalitén på bearbetade ytor. Denna studie fokuserar på processkilda metoder, till exempel stabilitetsdiagram (SLD), vilka säkerställer valet av optimala skärparametrar för en stabil skärprocess. Tidigare studier har visat att spindelns dynamiska egenskaper är beroende av rotationshastigheten. Detta påverkar även noggrannheten vid skattningen av SLD eftersom traditionella strukturdynamiska tester, som experimentell modalanalys (EMA), utförs under statiskt tillstånd. En alternativ metod för bestämning av hastighetsberoende SLD med hjälp av ett beröringsfritt excitering- och svarssystem (CERS) föreslås. De modala egenskaperna, som till exempel egenfrekvens och dämpning, bestämdes med hjälp av EMA med stillastående spindel medan mätningar med CERS utfördes med ökad rotationshastighet upp till 14000 varv/min. Efter detta beräknades SLD för de båda fallen. Till sist drogs slutsatsen att testerna inte påvisade någon större skillnad, vare sig dynamiska egenskaper eller SLD skattning, för spindelhastigheter inom det testade intervallet (0 till 14000 varv/min).

In one of the first hours of study at the Institute of Mechanics of Bodies, Mechatronics and Biomechanics, the author of this work received three basic recommendations regarding measurement: 1) Do not measure! 2) If you measure, do not repeat the measurement!! 3) If you repeat the measurement, do not compare the measurements!!! However, this thesis boldly violates all three recommendations. In the introductory theoretical part, it briefly introduces the vibration of multi-degree of freedom damped systems and describes experimental ways of determining the modal damping. It also summarizes the Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) approach, explains the principle of the FDD method, and introduces EFDD (Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition) method which allows to determine not only natural frequencies and shapes as FDD does, but also modal damping of the shapes. A script in Matlab environment for processing vibrations using EFDD method is one of the thesis outputs. The script is first tested by computational model, where a model system with known damping is tested and damping is determined by the script. Subsequently, the work moves to the actual measurement of the real system - a bonded bar which is analysed by Experimental Modal Analysis and OMA, while the second variant uses commercial EFDD method (Brüel a Kjr company) and programmed script. In the conclusion of the thesis the damping results are compared to each other. The diploma thesis continues in Ing. M. Pop’s thesis – Modal Analysis Experimental Method Verification. From this work a part of measured data is taken. Specific cases of data use are always listed in the appropriate section of the text.

The diploma thesis deals with analytical description of vehicle - track dynamic interface. There are described basic analytical models which are subsequently extended in order to get a more precise description of dynamic phenomena. The aim is to compile a model that faithfully describes the dynamic phenomena in the track. These new compiled models are qualitatively compared with data obtained by measuring in the track.

The diploma thesis deals with descriptions of vehicle - track dynamic interface. There are described basic analytical models of railway track. The numerical models are created by using finite element methods with moving load simulated axle of rail vehicle. The aim of thesis is to create the model which most accurately describes the dynamic phenomena in the track. The results from models are compared with data obtained by measuring in the track. Next aim of thesis is to determine dependency of rail cross-sectional characteristics on equivalent rail head wear and then on rail deflection.