Este estudo buscou analisar a produção do artista norte-americano Dan Graham, enfocando a estreita relação que manteve com a arquitetura e a cidade ao longo de sua trajetória. Realizada em meios e suportes bastante diversiicados, a produção deste artista é bastante representativa do desenvolvimento da arte contemporânea a partir da década de 1960, marcado pela superação de códigos artísticos que culminaram com o rompimento dos limites ísicos dos museus e galerias. Através de intervenções em revistas, de suas performances e instalações, de seus recentes pavilhões de aço e vidro e de uma extensa produção de textos, Graham mobilizou conteúdos distintos provindos de campos como os da psicologia, do cinema e também da arquitetura para investigar a condição da arte, da cultura e das espacialidades na sociedade contemporânea. Por meio da justaposição entre suas obras e seus textos, onde lida mais explicitamente com questões exteriores à arte, torna-se possível identiicar a articulação entre a prática e o pensamento do artista, percorrendo de maneira mais aprofundada suas relexões sobre as estruturas sociais ou culturais operantes em contextos espaciais especíicos, seja dentro da galeria ou fora dela. Ao inal, espera-se que a síntese dessas questões permitam revelar os novos olhares construídos por Dan Graham sobre o campo da Arquitetura e Urbanismo, a partir de questionamentos que lhe são exteriores e que apresentam natureza distinta: suas propostas estéticas indagam as formas de produção da cidade contemporânea, sobretudo em relação à natureza cultural e social de seus espaços. / This study investigates the production of the American artist Dan Graham, focusing on the close relationship he mantained with the architecture and the city throughout his carrer. Held in very diverse mean and supports, the production of this artist is quite representative of the contemporary art development from the 1960s, marked by overcoming artistic codes that culminated in the disruption of physical boundaries behind museums and galleries. Through the interventons in magazines, performances and installations, his recent steel and glass pavilion and the extensive production of texts, Graham mobilized different contents stemmed from ields such as psychology, cinema and also the architecture to investigate the condition of art, culture and spatiality in contemporary society. By the juxtaposition of his works and his writings, which most explicity the deals with external issues to the art, it is possible to identify the articulation of Graham´s practice and thought, observing more deeply his relections on the social and cultural structures operating in speciic spatial contexts, either inside the art gallery or outside of it. At the end, it is expected that the synthesis of these isseus allow us to reveal the new perspectives built by Dan Graham on the ield of Architecture and Urbanism, pointing questions from a external and different nature: his aesthetical proposals inquire the contemporary city forms of production,especially in relation to cultural and social nature of their spaces.

Este estudo buscou analisar a produção do artista norte-americano Dan Graham, enfocando a estreita relação que manteve com a arquitetura e a cidade ao longo de sua trajetória. Realizada em meios e suportes bastante diversiicados, a produção deste artista é bastante representativa do desenvolvimento da arte contemporânea a partir da década de 1960, marcado pela superação de códigos artísticos que culminaram com o rompimento dos limites ísicos dos museus e galerias. Através de intervenções em revistas, de suas performances e instalações, de seus recentes pavilhões de aço e vidro e de uma extensa produção de textos, Graham mobilizou conteúdos distintos provindos de campos como os da psicologia, do cinema e também da arquitetura para investigar a condição da arte, da cultura e das espacialidades na sociedade contemporânea. Por meio da justaposição entre suas obras e seus textos, onde lida mais explicitamente com questões exteriores à arte, torna-se possível identiicar a articulação entre a prática e o pensamento do artista, percorrendo de maneira mais aprofundada suas relexões sobre as estruturas sociais ou culturais operantes em contextos espaciais especíicos, seja dentro da galeria ou fora dela. Ao inal, espera-se que a síntese dessas questões permitam revelar os novos olhares construídos por Dan Graham sobre o campo da Arquitetura e Urbanismo, a partir de questionamentos que lhe são exteriores e que apresentam natureza distinta: suas propostas estéticas indagam as formas de produção da cidade contemporânea, sobretudo em relação à natureza cultural e social de seus espaços. / This study investigates the production of the American artist Dan Graham, focusing on the close relationship he mantained with the architecture and the city throughout his carrer. Held in very diverse mean and supports, the production of this artist is quite representative of the contemporary art development from the 1960s, marked by overcoming artistic codes that culminated in the disruption of physical boundaries behind museums and galleries. Through the interventons in magazines, performances and installations, his recent steel and glass pavilion and the extensive production of texts, Graham mobilized different contents stemmed from ields such as psychology, cinema and also the architecture to investigate the condition of art, culture and spatiality in contemporary society. By the juxtaposition of his works and his writings, which most explicity the deals with external issues to the art, it is possible to identify the articulation of Graham´s practice and thought, observing more deeply his relections on the social and cultural structures operating in speciic spatial contexts, either inside the art gallery or outside of it. At the end, it is expected that the synthesis of these isseus allow us to reveal the new perspectives built by Dan Graham on the ield of Architecture and Urbanism, pointing questions from a external and different nature: his aesthetical proposals inquire the contemporary city forms of production,especially in relation to cultural and social nature of their spaces.

A renewed merging of art and design accompanied by the inflation of design in relation to art has been increasingly noted by writers since the 1990s. Some critics and artists such as Dan Graham have celebrated this phenomenon as a critical opportunity; others such as art historian and critic Hal Foster have criticized the trend as a catastrophic loss of the limits required for liberal subjectivity. In the first chapter, I consider Graham's position as outlined in "Art as Design/Design as Art" (1986) and contrast it with Hal Foster's argument as presented in "Design and Crime" (2002). While the writers share some points of reference, it becomes clear that the two texts are based on different critical models. My second and third chapters present case studies of works often considered to be part of the "design art" trend. At either end of the 1990s, Dia Center for the Arts realized large-scale projects: Dan Graham's Two-Way Mirror Cylinder Inside Cube and a Video Salon: Rooftop Urban Park Project for Dia Arts Center (1981- 1991) and Jorge Pardo's Project (1998-2000). Both works fit the profile of art projects that make use of the modes and methods of the fields of architecture and design. My study considers how each project related to its art institutional site, to the greater art historical and contemporary context and to changes in social, political and cultural conditions that unfolded during the 1990s. My third chapter considers works by Andrea Zittel, an artist also often discussed in terms of design, architecture and life style. While Zittel's "critical optimism" offers promise, there are some critical failings of her project. I analyze some of the problems presented by Zittel's works in relation to comparable projects by Dan Graham and Jorge Pardo. These projects question, but also contribute to, the overvaluation of design that accompanies the contemporary phenomenon of obsession with styling self.

A renewed merging of art and design accompanied by the inflation of design in relation to art has been increasingly noted by writers since the 1990s. Some critics and artists such as Dan Graham have celebrated this phenomenon as a critical opportunity; others such as art historian and critic Hal Foster have criticized the trend as a catastrophic loss of the limits required for liberal subjectivity. In the first chapter, I consider Graham's position as outlined in "Art as Design/Design as Art" (1986) and contrast it with Hal Foster's argument as presented in "Design and Crime" (2002). While the writers share some points of reference, it becomes clear that the two texts are based on different critical models. My second and third chapters present case studies of works often considered to be part of the "design art" trend. At either end of the 1990s, Dia Center for the Arts realized large-scale projects: Dan Graham's Two-Way Mirror Cylinder Inside Cube and a Video Salon: Rooftop Urban Park Project for Dia Arts Center (1981- 1991) and Jorge Pardo's Project (1998-2000). Both works fit the profile of art projects that make use of the modes and methods of the fields of architecture and design. My study considers how each project related to its art institutional site, to the greater art historical and contemporary context and to changes in social, political and cultural conditions that unfolded during the 1990s. My third chapter considers works by Andrea Zittel, an artist also often discussed in terms of design, architecture and life style. While Zittel's "critical optimism" offers promise, there are some critical failings of her project. I analyze some of the problems presented by Zittel's works in relation to comparable projects by Dan Graham and Jorge Pardo. These projects question, but also contribute to, the overvaluation of design that accompanies the contemporary phenomenon of obsession with styling self.

Zugl.: Kassel, Univ., Diss., 2005

A renewed merging of art and design accompanied by the inflation of design in relation to art has been increasingly noted by writers since the 1990s. Some critics and artists such as Dan Graham have celebrated this phenomenon as a critical opportunity; others such as art historian and critic Hal Foster have criticized the trend as a catastrophic loss of the limits required for liberal subjectivity. In the first chapter, I consider Graham's position as outlined in "Art as Design/Design as Art" (1986) and contrast it with Hal Foster's argument as presented in "Design and Crime" (2002). While the writers share some points of reference, it becomes clear that the two texts are based on different critical models. My second and third chapters present case studies of works often considered to be part of the "design art" trend. At either end of the 1990s, Dia Center for the Arts realized large-scale projects: Dan Graham's Two-Way Mirror Cylinder Inside Cube and a Video Salon: Rooftop Urban Park Project for Dia Arts Center (1981- 1991) and Jorge Pardo's Project (1998-2000). Both works fit the profile of art projects that make use of the modes and methods of the fields of architecture and design. My study considers how each project related to its art institutional site, to the greater art historical and contemporary context and to changes in social, political and cultural conditions that unfolded during the 1990s. My third chapter considers works by Andrea Zittel, an artist also often discussed in terms of design, architecture and life style. While Zittel's "critical optimism" offers promise, there are some critical failings of her project. I analyze some of the problems presented by Zittel's works in relation to comparable projects by Dan Graham and Jorge Pardo. These projects question, but also contribute to, the overvaluation of design that accompanies the contemporary phenomenon of obsession with styling self. / Arts, Faculty of / Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of / Graduate

[pt] Figura-chave da chamada arte conceitual, o artista norte-americano Dan Graham iniciou sua trajetória artística em meados da década de 1960 muito por acaso. Convidado por amigos, tornou-se sócio da John Daniels, galeria em Nova York bastante ativa, mas de vida breve. Falido, viu-se obrigado a retornar à casa de seus pais em Nova Jersey. Durante a viagem de trem, pôde observar a nova cidade. Dessa experiência surgiu Homes for America, notório ensaio fotográfico sobre as habitações em massa dos subúrbios norte-americanos, que integra um primeiro conjunto de trabalhos do artista destinados a revistas. Algum tempo depois, Graham ingressou na Nova Scotia College of Art and Design, Halifax, dando início a um período em que seu interesse se volta para o vídeo, a performance e a instalação, interrompido por Public Space/Two Audiences, trabalho realizado para a Bienal de Veneza de 1976 que impõe ao artista uma autocrítica. A despeito de seu êxito, Graham reconhece que a instalação se aproximara em demasia do conceito de cubo branco. Como saída para o impasse, adotou a ideia de plano da cidade, passando a propor projetos de intervenção urbana até iniciar, no começo dos anos 80, seus pavilhões. Levando em conta a obra de Graham, ampla e diversa em seus meios, a tese é monografia que tem por objetivo realizar um estudo analítico sobre a prática do artista, definida, a meu ver, nos termos de um modelo crítico-conceitualista. / [en] Key figure of the so-called conceptual art, the North American artist Dan Graham began his artistic career in the mid-1960s quite by chance. Invited by friends, he became a partner of the John Daniels, a gallery in New York very active, but short-lived. Bankrupt, he was forced to return to his parents home in New Jersey. During the train ride, Graham can saw the new city. From this experience came Homes for America, notorious photographic essay on mass tract housing of North American suburbs, which is part of a first set of works for magazines. A while later, Graham joined the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design, Halifax, starting a period in which your interest turns to video, performance and installation, interrupted by Public Space/Two Audiences, work done for the Venice Biennale in 1976 that impose the artist self-criticism. Despite its success, Graham recognizes that the installation was near of the concept of the white cube. As out of the impasse, he adopts the idea of city plan, going to propose urban interventions projects, starting in the early 80s their pavilions. Considering Graham s work, broad and diverse in its mediums, the thesis is a monograph that aims to carry out an analytical study of the practice of the artist, defined, in our view, in terms of a critical-conceptualist model.

This dissertation examines the video-installations created by American artist Dan Graham in the 1970s. It investigates the artist's relationship to Minimalism by analyzing themes Graham highlights in his own writings and in interviews. In particular, I explore how the artist's understanding of Herbert Marcuse, Walter Benjamin, and R.D. Laing informed his post-Minimalist work and how concepts gleaned from these sources are manifest in his video-installations. Also undertaken are discussions of the artist's interest in aestheticized play, the just-past present, the debate between Behaviourism and phenomenology, surveillance, and Modern architecture. In addition, I investigate Graham's position in Conceptual art, use of site-specificity, and the practice of institutional critique. At the outset, I provide an in-depth analysis of two of Graham's magazine pieces, Schema (March 1966) and Homes For America, that ties together the artist's reading of Marcuse and his rejection of Minimalist phenomenology. Next, I give an account of the artist's connection to early video art and his use of time-delay in works such as Present Continuous Past(s) and Two Viewing Rooms as a means to highlight the just-past present. Finally, I examine Graham's architectural video-installations Yesterday/Today, Video Piece for Showcase Windows in a Shopping Arcade, and Video Piece for Two Glass Office Buildings as instances of site-specific art and as part of the artist's practice of institutional critique. I also explore his references to the notions of art-as-window and art-as-mirror as an expansion of his engagement with Minimalism. Throughout, my discussion includes comparisons between Graham's work and that of other artists like Vito Acconci, Bruce Nauman, and Hans Haacke. In sum, this study offers an expanded understanding of how Graham employed video and installation in his art as a means to move beyond Minimalism and to interrogate contemporary American society.

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