L'analyse ergonomique des postes de travail reste le point de départ de toute politique de prévention des risques de maladies professionnelles. De nombreux travaux scientifiques s'attachent à quantifier les déterminants à risque pour aboutir le plus souvent à un score de pénibilité. La difficulté actuelle des méthodes de cotation ergonomique se situe au niveau de la capture de ces déterminants. La majorité des systèmes se limitent à une collecte de données souvent subjective et très influencé par la personne effectuant la cotation. La volonté de l'entreprise par le biais de ce stage est d'objectiver l'analyse ergonomique des postes de travail par une capture du mouvement de l'opérateur. Le principale défi est le passage d'outil et de méthode scientifique à une utilisation de terrain avec toutes les contraintes qu'elle induit.L'apport des avancées technologiques et scientifiques encourage ce passage par des outils utilisable dans le contexte industriel. Les deux principaux objectif de ce stage se sont situer premièrement sur la limitation des biais de capture pour amener un précision et un standardisation de la mesure de terrain, ainsi que sur l'accès à de nouvelles données notamment l'aspect temporel de la tâche effectuée. Le matériel utilisé est le capteur de profondeur Kinect développé par Microsoft. Cet appareil fait l'objet d’études scientifique dans différents domaines et plus particulièrement dans son utilisation pour de la capture de mouvements.Lors de ce stage, nous nous somme attaché à traiter le signal émis par la Kinect, pour obtenir des données permettant le remplissage automatique de grille de cotation. Le bruit de mesure fût travailler à l'aide d'un filtre récursif passe bas utilisé fréquemment en laboratoire d'analyse du mouvement. Le traitement des données spatiales brut des articulations de l'opérateur pour obtenir des angles fit l'objet d'un grande partie du travail, car ne nombreux paramètre entre en jeu comme la position du capteur.La réussite du stage à permis de limiter la subjectivité de la mesure mais à également donnée l'accès à de nouveaux indices comme les pourcentage de temps de cycle passé à des angulations dangereuses pour l'opérateur. Le passage d'outil de laboratoire au terrain mérite encore d'être travaillé notamment dans la robustesse des systèmes développés et doit s'appuyer sur des expérimentations de laboratoire. / Evaluation of potential risks of musculoskeletal disorders in real workstations is challenging as the environment is cluttered, which makes it difficult to correctly and accurately assess the pose of a worker. Most of the traditional motion capture systems cannot deal with these workplace constraints. Being marker-free and calibration-free, Microsoft Kinect is a promising device to assess these poses, but the validity of the delivered kinematic data under work conditions is still unknown. In this thesis we first propose an extensive validation of the Kinect system in an ergonomic assessment context with sub-optimal capture condition. As most of the large inaccuracies come from occlusions, we propose a new example-based method to correct unreliable poses delivered by the Kinect in such a situation. We introduced the Filtered Pose Graph structure to make the method select the most relevant candidates before combination. In an ergonomics context, we computed RULA scores and compared them to those computed from an optoelectronic mocap system. We also propose to challenge our method in real workplace environment and compared its performance to experts' evaluation in the Faurecia company. Finally, we evaluated the relevance of the proposed method to estimate internal joint torques thanks to inverse dynamics, even if occlusions occur. Our method opens new perspectives to define new fatigue or solicitation indexes based on continuous measurement contrary to classical static images generally used in ergonomics. The computation time enables real-time feedback and interaction with the operator.

The work of this master thesis is based on analyses of monthly precipitation data from 70 stations of the SMHI (Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute) in Sweden, in the period 1860-2014, using the information for the year of introduction of the wind shield at each station. The primary goal is the calculation of correction factors which will be applied on the precipitation data in the period of measurements before the introduction of the wind shield. This correction will counterbalance the underestimation of the collected precipitation by the unshielded precipitation gauges due to the effect of the wind. The wind induced error, related to aerodynamical effects, increases with increasing wind speed. The stronger the wind, the more capable it is of deflecting the precipitation water droplets or snowflakes, falling towards the gauge orifice, away from it. In spite of the important efficiency of the wind shield which acts to diminish the wind error, the long-term effect of changing the measuring instrumentation at some time in the observations history is the production of inhomogeneous data in the measurements records. Inhomogeneous precipitation data are sources of errors in climatology and hydrology and result in misleading conclusions regarding the climate change and climate variations, hence they should be identified and corrected through a homogenization method. The analysis includes the comparison of the precipitation data of each station during two periods, one before and one after the introduction of the wind shield. This comparison leads to the calculation of ratios representing the increase in the catch between the two periods due to the introduction of the wind shield. Temperature data are also processed in order to estimate the type of precipitation (snow/rain) in each case. The monthly corrections ranged between 5 %, for rain, and 27 % for snow precipitation. The absolute value of the increase of the average annual precipitation due the implementation of the correction was 50 mm. The comparison of the corrected against the uncorrected precipitation time series indicated a less pronounced increase (0.74 mm/y) of the precipitation during the last 150 years, after the application of the correction, compared to the increase indicated from the uncorrected data (1.19 mm/y). / Kontinuerliga samt felfria nederbördsmätningar är av stor betydelse för geovetenskaper som klimatologi och hydrologi därför att nederbördsdata är en av de primära meteorologiska parametrarna för forskning om klimatförändringen. Att säkerställa felfria (homogena) nederbörds tidsserier betyder i stort sett att säkerställa homogenitet genom att identifiera och korrigera inhomogena data. Icke homogena data uppkommer på grund av förändringar i mätmetoder och mätförhållanden under observationstiden, sedan 1860-talet tills idag alltså. Denna studies syfte är att beräkna en korrektion som ska användas för att korrigera nederbördsmätningar som utfördes sedan 1860 utan vinskydd. Vindskyddet eller vindskärmen, en speciell utrustning som användas på nederbördsinsamlare, infördes gradvis under perioden 1900-1960 vid de svenska nederbördstationerna. Vindskyddet introducerades med avsikt att minska vindens påverka vid nederbördsinsamling. Men trotts den positiva effekten som vindskyddet ledde till, genom den ökade nederbördsmängden som samlades in, skapade denna förändring av mätarutrustningen inhomogena data. Bearbetningen skedde för månadsnederbördsdata från 70 stationer från SMHIs meteorologiska nätverk genom att jämföra nederbördsobservationer som genomfördes under perioderna tio år före och tio år efter införandet av vindskydd. Dessutom användes temperaturdata från samma stationer för att uppskatta nederbördslag (snö/regn). Skälet till detta är att vinskyddseffekten är olika mellan snö och regn. Beräkningarna och bestämningen av nederbördslag ledde till en 5 % respektive 27 % nederbörds ökning för regn och snö för de mätningarna som utfördes utan vindskydd. I genomsnitt har de korrigerade värdena, under perioden som vinskyddet saknades, ökat med omkring 50 mm.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 27-30, 1997 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / This paper describes a Smart Sensor Network System for applications requiring sensors connected in a multidrop configuration in order to minimize interconnecting cables. The communication protocol was optimized for high speed data collection. The Smart Sensor Network System was developed with the following goals in mind: cost reduction, reliability and performance increase.

No description available.

The work of this master thesis is based on analyses of monthly precipitation data from 70 stations of the SMHI (Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute) in Sweden, in the period 1860-2014, using the information for the year of introduction of the wind shield at each station. The primary goal is the calculation of correction factors which will be applied on the precipitation data in the period of measurements before the introduction of the wind shield. This correction will counterbalance the underestimation of the collected precipitation by the unshielded precipitation gauges due to the effect of the wind. The wind induced error, related to aerodynamical effects, increases with increasing wind speed. The stronger the wind, the more capable it is of deflecting the precipitation water droplets or snowflakes, falling towards the gauge orifice, away from it. In spite of the important efficiency of the wind shield which acts to diminish the wind error, the long-term effect of changing the measuring instrumentation at some time in the observations history is the production of inhomogeneous data in the measurements records. Inhomogeneous precipitation data are sources of errors in climatology and hydrology and result in misleading conclusions regarding the climate change and climate variations, hence they should be identified and corrected through a homogenization method. The analysis includes the comparison of the precipitation data of each station during two periods, one before and one after the introduction of the wind shield. This comparison leads to the calculation of ratios representing the increase in the catch between the two periods due to the introduction of the wind shield. Temperature data are also processed in order to estimate the type of precipitation (snow/rain) in each case. The monthly corrections ranged between 5 %, for rain, and 27 % for snow precipitation. The absolute value of the increase of the average annual precipitation due the implementation of the correction was 50 mm. The comparison of the corrected against the uncorrected precipitation time series indicated a less pronounced increase (0.74 mm/y) of the precipitation during the last 150 years, after the application of the correction, compared to the increase indicated from the uncorrected data (1.19 mm/y). / Kontinuerliga samt felfria nederbördsmätningar är av stor betydelse för geovetenskaper som klimatologi och hydrologi därför att nederbördsdata är en av de primära meteorologiska parametrarna för forskning om klimatförändringen. Att säkerställa felfria (homogena) nederbörds tidsserier betyder i stort sett att säkerställa homogenitet genom att identifiera och korrigera inhomogena data. Icke homogena data uppkommer på grund av förändringar i mätmetoder och mätförhållanden under observationstiden, sedan 1860-talet tills idag alltså. Denna studies syfte är att beräkna en korrektion som ska användas för att korrigera nederbördsmätningar som utfördes sedan 1860 utan vinskydd. Vindskyddet eller vindskärmen, en speciell utrustning som användas på nederbördsinsamlare, infördes gradvis under perioden 1900-1960 vid de svenska nederbördstationerna. Vindskyddet introducerades med avsikt att minska vindens påverka vid nederbördsinsamling. Men trotts den positiva effekten som vindskyddet ledde till, genom den ökade nederbördsmängden som samlades in, skapade denna förändring av mätarutrustningen inhomogena data. Bearbetningen skedde för månadsnederbördsdata från 70 stationer från SMHIs meteorologiska nätverk genom att jämföra nederbördsobservationer som genomfördes under perioderna tio år före och tio år efter införandet av vindskydd. Dessutom användes temperaturdata från samma stationer för att uppskatta nederbördslag (snö/regn). Skälet till detta är att vinskyddseffekten är olika mellan snö och regn. Beräkningarna och bestämningen av nederbördslag ledde till en 5 % respektive 27 % nederbörds ökning för regn och snö för de mätningarna som utfördes utan vindskydd. I genomsnitt har de korrigerade värdena, under perioden som vinskyddet saknades, ökat med omkring 50 mm.

Au cours des dernières années, de nouvelles évidences semblent indiquer que, tout autant que sa séquence, l’organisation d’un génome dans l’espace et le temps est importante pour comprendre la fonction de celui-ci. Une des avancées fonda- mentales sur le sujet a été de présenter à l’échelle du génome la carte des inter- actions ADN-ADN. Ces interactions sont essentiellement de 2 types, soit entre chromosomes ou entre régions du même chromosome. Par la suite, la modélisa- tion a permis de visualiser et appréhender la structure tridimensionnelle (3D) du génome à partir des données 3C, ou d’une modélisation purement théorique. Une question importante et centrale demeure, soit de résoudre les mécanismes res- ponsables de l’organisation spatiale et fonctionnelle du génome. Notamment, une question est de savoir comment des processus nucléaires tels que la transcription affectent la structure du génome. Cependant, l’idée selon laquelle les données de types 3C capturent cette information dans la levure est remise en question par le fait que les modèles théoriques du génome récapitulent les caractéristiques mar- quantes soulignées par 3C. Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons conçu une approche qui, pour évaluer l’importance d’une interaction, se base sur la distri- bution d’interactions entre les 2 régions d’ADN mises en contacts. Nos résultats supportent l’hypothèse selon laquelle les éléments fonctionnels et propres aux données expérimentales de la structure 3D du génome se forment d’une manière spécifique à l’échelle de l’interaction et au type d’interactions. Par ailleurs, nos résultats indiquent qu’un grand nombre de facteurs de transcription induisent la proximité spatiale des gènes dont ils régulent l’expression. / Over the last decade, accumulating empirical evidence suggest that, as much as its sequence, a genome spatiotemporal organization is essential to understand it’s biological function. One of the major breakthroughs has been chromosome conformation capture (3C) experiments presenting DNA-DNA contact for whole genomes at unprecedented resolution (5-10kb). Along with genome-wide maps of DNA contacts came genome 3D modelling from experimental 3C data, and even from purely theoretical and biophysical basis. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of the genome spatial functional organization are still not well understood. Among other questions, how the regulation and event of nuclear processes such as transcription modulate genome structure or how genome structure affect these in turn is still not fully resolved. Moreover, computational models of S.cerevisae genome have recapitulated the hallmarks at larger scale of its 3D features. In order to contrast genome structural features arising from the event of biochemical and molecular activity, we have develop a method assessing the significance of structural features. The underlying principle is to consider for a given interaction, the two DNA regions put in contact and the distribution of existing interactions between these before assigning significance to the selected interaction. Using this method, we demonstrate that structural features resulting from potential biochemically active processes occur at precise scale on the genome. Our results also highlight that exact nature of the interaction (between vs across chromosomes) is crucial to such events. Finally, we have also found that a large portion of transcription factors have their targeted genes in spatial proximity.

Methodology and issues of data transformation and its information value estimation during the integration of the heterogenous information sources PhDr. Ivan BARTOŠ Abstract This study focuses mainly on the data and information transformation issue. This topic is currently critical in several scientific and commercial areas. Information value, information quality and the quality of the source data differs between the various systems. This is not only due to the different topologies of the information sources but also because of its different understanding and a manner of storing the information describing the entity of the enterprise. Such information systems, respectively database systems in the scope of the thesis, could perform well as the stand alone systems. The issue appears in the moment when such heterogeneous systems are required to be integrated and the information shall be migrated between each other. The thesis is logically divided into four major parts based on these issues. The first part describes the methods that can be used to classify the data quality of the source system (the one to be integrated) from which the information can be extracted. Based on assumption of the common lack of project and system documentation hereby introduced methods can be used for such qualification even when the...