SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) control systems are widely used to control critical processes in various economically and safety critical commercial industries. SCADA control systems are often vulnerable to attacks due to previous industry reliance on security by obscurity to protect control systems. There is a need for an architecture which can log the communications traffic in the SCADA networks. In this work a forensic network traffic data logger retrofit solution for MODBUS and DNP3 network appliances is presented. The data logger uses a bump-in-wire configuration to capture the network transactions, timestamp, cryptographically sign, encrypt and store the network transactions. The data logger is developed to run on embedded and virtual machine platforms. Thus, a retrofit forensic network traffic data logger logs the network traffic in a SCADA control system efficiently without affecting the normal functionality of the control system and the logger data supports post incident forensics analysis.

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Photovoltaic (PV) solar panels and trackers represent one of the most common renewable energy technology which converts sunlight radiation into electrical energy. The solar trackers specifically are more complex structures because they involve mechanical devices, a supporting slender structure, and photovoltaic modules mounted and positioned on top of the supporting structure. Solar trackers are mounted on mobile supports or racks, in order to enable the rotation and tilt of the PV which thus maintains their optimum exposure to the incident sunlight. Solar trackers support structures should be designed for wind resistance during the operation and at stow position for its life span and this became a concern considering the new tendency of installing the solar trackers on the rooftop of low-rise or medium-rise buildings. The current research focused on performing site measurements of the wind-induced displacement for a dual-axis solar tracking system installed on the roof of the Mann Parking building of the University of Ottawa, for different azimuth, elevations. The supporting structure of the solar tracker was instrumented with 16 strain gauges and the strains developed in the metal truss members were measured during the months February 2015 and March 2015. The tracker was rotated and tilted at different angles through the duration of the experiment and the strains observed on each structural element were recorded. In order to estimate deflections of the supporting structure for wind speeds higher than the ones measured, a finite element (FE) model of the solar tracker was created and static analysis was performed for different inclinations using the SAP 2000 structural software. The experimental results were in agreement with the FE simulation results as the stresses obtained ranged between 1.02 × 107 Pa and 7.88 × 107 Pa. Lower attack angles between 45° and 60° were found to have significant effect on the elements of the solar tracker irrespective of the wind load magnitude. Operational attack angles between 65° and 75° were found to be safer positions as obtained displacements and stress analysis result showed that the supporting structure of the solar tracker was stable for wind speeds between 0 m/s and 33m/s in Ottawa region

Master of Science / Department of Computing and Information Sciences / Daniel A. Andresen / A software application or a hardware device performs well under favorable conditions. Practically there can be many factors which effect the performance and functioning of the system. Scenarios where the system fails or performs better are needed to be determined. Logging is one of the best methodologies to determine such scenarios. Logging can be helpful in determining worst and effective performance. There is always an advantage of levels in logging which gives flexibility in logging different kinds of messages. Determining what messages to be logged is the key of logging. All the important events, state changes, messages are to be logged to know the higher level of progress of the system. Medical Device Coordination Framework (MDCF) deals with device connectivity with MDCF server. In this report, we propose a logging component to the existing MDCF. Logging component for MDCF is inspired from the flight data recorder, “black box”. Black box is a device used to log each and every message passing through the flight‟s system. In this way it is reliable and easy to investigate any failures in the system. We will also be able to simulate the replay of the scenarios. The important state changes in MDCF include device connection, scenario instantiation, initial state of MDCF server, destination creation. Logging in MDCF is implemented by wrapping Log4j logging framework. The interface provided by the logging component is used by MDCF in order to log. This implementation facilitates building more complex logging component for MDCF.

The University of Arizona AzRISE (Arizona Research Institute for Solar Energy) and Tucson Electric Power solar test yard is currently undergoing renovations to upgrade and standardize the data acquisition capabilities throughout the yard. Test yard improvements have enabled increased data collection reliability through state-of-the-art and environmentally-robust data logging and real-time analysis. Enhanced capabilities include 10 msec max. data resolution, precision PV backside temperature monitoring of both individual and strings of modules, measurement of both AC and DC outputs as well as GHI and POA irradiance, active data backup to eliminate data intermittency, and robust Ethernet connectivity for data collection. An on-site weather station, provides wind speed and direction, relative humidity, and air temperature data. The information collected is accessed remotely via web server and includes raw performance and environmental conditions as well as extracted figures of performance for systems under test. Complementing the UA's existing accelerated environmental-testing chamber, the new test yard acquisition capabilities have enabled high fidelity system and sub-system-level operational testing under a range of field-level test conditions. The combined facilities, thus, provide a full-spectrum testing resource for photovoltaic performance and degradation analysis. Specific measurement characteristics and sample data collected from a polysilicon module test string are utilized to illustrate test yard capabilities.

With the different threats sea turtles are currently facing, such as habitat reduction and pollution, increase of fishing and harvesting of aquatic resources by Humans, or invasive species, it is important to learn as much as possible about their biology and behaviour in order to ensure the success of conservation programs. In this study, loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) feeding behaviour duration as well as energy expenditure approximation during a feeding event were tested and compared using two different types of food: green shore crabs (Carcinus maenas) or Japanese clam (Ruditapes phillipinarum) or Venus clams (Chamelea gallina). The data show that the turtles took longer to approach the crabs but took more time to eat the clams. However, comparison of energy expenditure values for the feeding phase showed no significant differences. The turtles were observed to eat the clams’ shell as well as their meat. These shells are rich in calcium, which is one possible explanation for this behaviour. This study shows that data loggers represent a viable tool for studying the behaviours of marine animals.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T19:24:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernando Giordani.pdf: 1656973 bytes, checksum: f029153643eb744e0e86dcc008e9b311 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-18 / The data acquisition systems are present in many studies, cooperating on collection, storage and analyses of data. On farming field, these systems are used in experiments of agricultural machines, soil characteristics study, as well as in other applications where data collection by sensors is needed. In the present study, a data acquisition system was developed. It includes nine channels to collect pulse data, three, to sensors PT100-type and one, to the connection of a load cell. The user interacts with the system by passing configuration parameters through a matrix keyboard and monitoring its operation through a liquid-crystal display. The collected data by the sensors were stored in a pen-drive-memory type, similar to a text-file to be processed later by an application developed for the Microsoft Windows platform. The developed application contained three basic functions: plot graphics and exhibit statistics in realtime, load data from a text-file generated by a collection, exhibit graphics, correlated statistic data and finally, generate two other files based on an original one. One contains the data in unit format of engineering and the other with statistics data for each existent replication in the file. To exemplify the system value in farming researches, the application includes the analysis of some predominant factors for the experiment of farming implements, such as wheeled skidding of a tractor vehicle, fuel consumption by a motor, power exert in a specific point, rotations and temperatures. A data collection of three types of sensors, assisted by the system, was done and it showed data accuracy and exactness. / Os Sistemas de Aquisição de Dados estão presentes em muitos estudos e colaboram na coleta, armazenamento e análise de dados. No campo agropecuário, esses sistemas são usados em ensaios de máquinas agrícolas, estudos das características do solo dentre outras aplicações em que é necessária a coleta de dados através de sensores. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um Sistema de Aquisição de Dados que contempla 9 canais para coleta de dados de pulso, 3 para sensores do tipo PT100 e 1 para a conexão de uma célula de carga. O usuário interage com o sistema ao passar parâmetros de configuração por meio de um teclado matricial e monitorar o seu funcionamento através de um display de cristal líquido. Os dados coletados pelos sensores são armazenados em uma memória do tipo pen-drive em forma de arquivo-texto para posteriormente serem processados por um aplicativo desenvolvido para plataforma Microsoft Windows. O aplicativo desenvolvido possui 3 funções básicas: plotar gráficos e exibir dados estatísticos em tempo real; carregar dados de um arquivo-texto gerado por uma coleta e exibir gráficos e dados estatísticos correlacionados e, finalmente, gerar dois outros arquivos a partir de um original, um contendo os dados no formato de unidade de engenharia e outro com dados estatísticos resumidos para cada repetição existente no arquivo. Para exemplificar a utilidade do sistema em pesquisas agropecuárias, o aplicativo contempla a análise de alguns fatores preponderantes para o ensaio de implementos agrícolas, os quais são: patinagem do rodado de um veículo trator, consumo de combustível por um motor, força empregada em determinado ponto, rotações e temperaturas. Foi realizada uma coleta de dados com os três tipos de sensores assistidos pelo sistema a fim de serem verificadas a precisão e a exatidão dos dados.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:47:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernando Giordani.pdf: 1656973 bytes, checksum: f029153643eb744e0e86dcc008e9b311 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-18 / The data acquisition systems are present in many studies, cooperating on collection, storage and analyses of data. On farming field, these systems are used in experiments of agricultural machines, soil characteristics study, as well as in other applications where data collection by sensors is needed. In the present study, a data acquisition system was developed. It includes nine channels to collect pulse data, three, to sensors PT100-type and one, to the connection of a load cell. The user interacts with the system by passing configuration parameters through a matrix keyboard and monitoring its operation through a liquid-crystal display. The collected data by the sensors were stored in a pen-drive-memory type, similar to a text-file to be processed later by an application developed for the Microsoft Windows platform. The developed application contained three basic functions: plot graphics and exhibit statistics in realtime, load data from a text-file generated by a collection, exhibit graphics, correlated statistic data and finally, generate two other files based on an original one. One contains the data in unit format of engineering and the other with statistics data for each existent replication in the file. To exemplify the system value in farming researches, the application includes the analysis of some predominant factors for the experiment of farming implements, such as wheeled skidding of a tractor vehicle, fuel consumption by a motor, power exert in a specific point, rotations and temperatures. A data collection of three types of sensors, assisted by the system, was done and it showed data accuracy and exactness. / Os Sistemas de Aquisição de Dados estão presentes em muitos estudos e colaboram na coleta, armazenamento e análise de dados. No campo agropecuário, esses sistemas são usados em ensaios de máquinas agrícolas, estudos das características do solo dentre outras aplicações em que é necessária a coleta de dados através de sensores. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um Sistema de Aquisição de Dados que contempla 9 canais para coleta de dados de pulso, 3 para sensores do tipo PT100 e 1 para a conexão de uma célula de carga. O usuário interage com o sistema ao passar parâmetros de configuração por meio de um teclado matricial e monitorar o seu funcionamento através de um display de cristal líquido. Os dados coletados pelos sensores são armazenados em uma memória do tipo pen-drive em forma de arquivo-texto para posteriormente serem processados por um aplicativo desenvolvido para plataforma Microsoft Windows. O aplicativo desenvolvido possui 3 funções básicas: plotar gráficos e exibir dados estatísticos em tempo real; carregar dados de um arquivo-texto gerado por uma coleta e exibir gráficos e dados estatísticos correlacionados e, finalmente, gerar dois outros arquivos a partir de um original, um contendo os dados no formato de unidade de engenharia e outro com dados estatísticos resumidos para cada repetição existente no arquivo. Para exemplificar a utilidade do sistema em pesquisas agropecuárias, o aplicativo contempla a análise de alguns fatores preponderantes para o ensaio de implementos agrícolas, os quais são: patinagem do rodado de um veículo trator, consumo de combustível por um motor, força empregada em determinado ponto, rotações e temperaturas. Foi realizada uma coleta de dados com os três tipos de sensores assistidos pelo sistema a fim de serem verificadas a precisão e a exatidão dos dados.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of environmental design parameters on thermal comfort conditions in the METU Faculty of Architecture Building located in Ankara. The building had some problems in terms of indoor climatic conditions, both in winter and in summer. It was evident that some design parameters caused this undesirable situation. The study therefore focused on understanding and evaluating the effects of design-dependent elements such as thermal mass, the size and orientation of windows, shading and vegetation on thermal comfort conditions in the case study building. While conducting this study, data loggers were used to record temperature and humidity data in predetermined rooms. Data was collected during certain periods in July, August, and September 2006. The data collected was analyzed statistically and hypotheses were tested using ANOVA. This study showed that the effect of thermal mass was almost the same for the rooms investigated owing to the fact that the entire building had been constructed with concrete curtain walls. In terms of thermal performance the number and orientation of the exterior walls, orientation and size of windows, room heights and also sun shading with surrounding vegetation were most effective design parameters for the rooms investigated

The wheelchair tennis evidence base has developed considerably in recent years. For those with a spinal cord injury (SCI), or severe physical impairment, tennis participation represents an opportunity for skill and motor development, and potential for disease risk reduction (Abel et al., 2008). However, as a complex series of technical, tactical and physical elements are implicated, participation for novice, developmental or low-skill players can be challenging. Hence, extension of the evidence base to consider the responses of such groups during play is of considerable value. Initial experimental studies in this thesis investigated the validity, reliability and applicability of instrumentation for the assessment of wheelchair tennis court-movement. Comparisons were made between a global positioning system (GPS) and the data logger (DL) device (Study 1). GPS underestimated criterion distance in tennis-specific drills and reported lower match-play values than the DL. In contrast, DL placed on the outside wheel offered an accurate representation of distance. However, underestimations for DL were revealed at speeds > 2.50 m·s-1 during treadmill testing. Consequently, Study 2 extended this work with consideration of DL applicability for wheelchair tennis match-play. Examination of speed profiles revealed that time spent below the threshold for accuracy was trivial, confirming DL applicability for court-movement assessment. Further between-group comparisons for rank [highly-ranked (HIGH), low-ranked (LOW)], sex (male, female) and format (singles, doubles) revealed that LOW were stationary for longer than HIGH and spent more time at low propulsion speeds. Time in higher speed zones was greatest for HIGH and doubles players. Between-group differences (rank) were further scrutinised in Study 3 with attention paid to describing the physiological response of competitive match-play aligned to court-movement. Set outcome (result) was also examined. Independent of result, HIGH covered greater overall, forwards, reverse and forwards-to-reverse distances than LOW. Interestingly, HIGH winners covered greater distances than HIGH losers and had a higher mean average and minimum heart rate (HR) than LOW winners. In contrast, LOW losers had a higher mean average and mean minimum HR than LOW winners. Collectively, these outcomes suggest an enhanced ability for HIGH to respond to ball movement and the physiological and skill challenges of match-play. While this thesis confirmed that the activity duration and playing intensity is sufficient to confer health-related effects (Study 3), differences identified for rank suggested that strategies to 4 enable performance improvements in LOW were merited. The International Tennis Federation (ITF) has suggested that all starter players should be able to serve, rally and score from their first lesson (ITF, 2007). The reality however, is that chair propulsion whilst holding a racket is complex, and therefore, tennis play is challenging for novice and developmental players. Hence, the remainder of experimental work focused on interventions to enable increased court-movement and development of wheelchair tennis-specific court-mobility for LOW. The ITF have endorsed the use of a low-compression ball (LCB) for novices. An LCB bounces lower and moves more slowly through the air than a standard-compression ball (SCB). Novel findings from Study 4 revealed that greater total and forwards distances, greater average speeds and less time stationary result from use of the LCB. Increased movement activity occurred without associated increases in physiological cost, but was considered advantageous, with players adopting stronger positions for shot-play. Further examination of the linkage between movement and physiological variables were explored in the final experimental investigation (Study 5). A short period of organised practice enabled higher overall and forwards distances, and peak and average speeds to be achieved during match-play, without associated increases in physiological cost. Changes were desirable and represented enhanced court-mobility and mechanical efficiency (ME). Wheelchair tennis players were also more self-confident in tennis-specific chair-mobility, post-practice. The racket was a constraint, with lower distances and speeds, and a lower peak physiological response, achieved during tennis practice completed with a racket. This thesis advocates the use of an LCB and a short period of pre-match court-mobility practice for the novice wheelchair tennis player. Collectively, these interventions are likely to prompt greater court-movement enabling better court-positioning, develop confidence in court-mobility and shot-play, develop competence in racket handling whilst pushing, and enhancing ME. These characteristics are likely to enable participation with the likely inference being that greater competence, skill and self-confidence promotes greater enjoyment and therefore enhances longer-term compliance. This is of considerable practical significance given that tennis typically attracts new players to the game, but is less successful at retaining them (ITF, 2007).