Orientador: Fausto Bérzin / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T18:01:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alves_MarceloCorrea_D.pdf: 630841 bytes, checksum: 791df2504c238e1b1368b0c642c8c17a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Uma vez registrados os sinais eletromiográficos, seja em voluntários de uma pesquisa científica, seja em pacientes para os quais tal investigação é recomendada como ferramenta para diagnóstico; são obtidos dados do potencial mioelétrico, através dos quais, se representa o padrão de ativação das fibras musculares ao alcance dos eletrodos. Tais registros, raramente são usados mais de uma vez e quando isso ocorre, o é feito de maneira correlata à idéia que justificou sua aquisição. A existência de um mecanismo que permita aglutinar e, de forma seletiva, recuperar e reutilizar os dados já coletados pode contribuir de forma bastante positiva na compreensão do processo de ativação muscular em nível populacional. Para isso, além do registro eletromiográfico, há necessidade do armazenamento de dados sobre o registro. Há um razoável consenso na literatura a respeito dos dados tecnológicos necessários para a qualificação deste registro, entretanto, não foi consolidado ainda, um modelo que identifique os dados de natureza biológica, assim como, não há um consenso a respeito da forma de armazenamento de todos os dados, como proposto do presente estudo. Uma aplicação imediata do modelo é a criação de um repositório central no qual os pesquisadores possam disponibilizar e recuperar registros eletromiográficos brutos. Outra possibilidade é a padronização do armazenamento de dados nos diferentes softwares desenvolvidos para captura e manipulação de registros eletromiográficos. Uma revisão bibliográfica abordou os tópicos éticos e levantou os principais dados que deveriam compor um modelo que permitisse a plena identificação das informações. O modelo teórico foi concretizado no formato de uma primeira versão de um diagrama de classes que objetiva padronizar o armazenamento de sinais eletromiográficos e que permita, em um futuro, a convergência das bases de dados. / Abstract: Once registered, the electromyographic signals, either in a voluntary scientific research, either in patients for whom such investigation is recommended as a diagnostic tool, data are obtained that represent the activation pattern of muscle fibers to reach the electrodes from the signals electric. Such records are rarely used more than once and when it occurs, is done in a manner related to the idea that justified its purchase. The existence of a mechanism to unite and to selectively retrieve and reuse the data already collected can contribute very positively to understand how the muscle activation level population. For this, plus the electromyographic record, there is need for data storage on the record. There is reasonable consensus in the literature about the technological data required for the qualification of this record, however, was not done yet, an effort that aims to identify the biological data, as there is no consensus regarding the storage form of all data, as proposed in this study. An immediate application of the model is to create a central repository in which researchers can deploy and retrieve raw EMG recordings. Another possibility is to standardize the storage of data in different software designed to capture and manipulation of EMG recordings. A literature review has addressed the ethical topics raised and the main data which should make a model that would allow full identification of relevant information. The theoretical model was implemented in the form of a first version of a class diagram designed to standardize the storage of electromyographic signals and allowing in the future, the convergence of databases. / Doutorado / Anatomia / Doutor em Biologia Buco-Dental

Este trabalho dá as bases para a criação de um sistema computacional, gráfico-interativo, de apoio ao ordenamento territorial. Dada a complexidade e multiplicidade de dados exigidos nesta área, parte do princípio de que a Cartografia Temática, nos seus moldes tradicionais, não tem meios de atender às necessidades das Geociências, na disposição e representação de forma integrada dos resultados de suas análises. Uma plataforma de informações, informatizada, nesta área, vem ao encontro das expectativas das instituições de pesquisa ambiental, posto que proporciona o aproveitamento efetivo de seus estudos aplicados. Da mesma forma, constitui uma importante ferramenta de trabalho para os órgãos ligados ao planejamento, à tomada de decisão e à monitoria. Posiciona o ordenamento territorial quanto à sua definição, como compreendido atualmente, e, quanto a conceitos praticados, quando de seu surgimento, por volta dos anos 60, como conseqüência dos estudos regionais realizados. Uma tentativa de situar seu campo de ação é feita, em meio a novas terminologias, abordagens e conceitos decorrentes da retomada do interesse da Sociedade na utilização ordenada de seu território. Lança as bases para a implantação de um sistema de apoio ao ordenamento territorial, indicando algumas atitudes compreensivas e apontando principais procedimentos. Com a modelagem do sistema, através de diagramas e fluxogramas, chega-se à estruturação dos arquivos de dados, apoiando-se numa simulação de incorporação de subsídios. Utiliza como objeto da simulação, o diagnóstico ambiental realizado pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE, para a bacia do rio Itapecuru, no Estado do Maranhão. A simulação é encerrada com um teste de funcionalidade da estrutura proposta, por meio de consultas que buscam a agregação dos dados para pesquisas específicas. / Establishes the basis for the creation of a computerized, graphics-interactive territorial arrangement support system. Given the complexity and multiplicity of data required in this field, it is based in the fact that Thematic Cartography - in its traditional form - does not fulfill the needs of Geosciences, failing to provide a integrated representation of its analyses\' findings. Such a computerized database, in this field, meets the needs of environmental research institutions, allowing the actual employment of its applied work. At the same time, it also establishes an important working tool for agencies in charge of planning, decision-making and monitoring. Contextualizes territorial arrangement, according to its perception today and in terms of concepts in practice that date back to its appearance, consequence of regional studies conducted during the 1960s. Attempts to assess its action domain, in our time, in the midst of the arrival of new terminology approaches and concepts - as a result of Society\'s interest retrieval in the ordained use of territory. Lays the foundation for the implementation of a territorial arrangement support system, its comprehensive behavior, structure and key procedures. Enables the shaping of the system, through diagrams and flow charts, followed by the database configuration, based on a real-life simulation of information collection. As the replicated matter, it applies the environmental diagnoses of the Itapecuru River basin, in the Brazilian state of Maranhão, prepared by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE). Completes the simulation with an operational test of the proposed system, through research that seeks data integration in specific studies.

Context. Apache Cassandra is an open-source, scalable, NoSQL database that distributes the data over many commodity servers. It provides no single point of failure by copying and storing the data in different locations. Cassandra uses a ring design rather than the traditional master-slave design. Virtualization is the technique using which physical resources of a machine are divided and utilized by various virtual machines. It is the fundamental technology, which allows cloud computing to provide resource sharing among the users.  Objectives. Through this research, the effects of virtualization on Cassandra are observed by comparing the virtual machine arrangement to physical machine arrangement along with the overhead caused by virtualization.  Methods. An experiment is conducted in this study to identify the aforementioned effects of virtualization on Cassandra compared to the physical machines. Cassandra runs on physical machines with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS arranged in a multi node cluster. Results are obtained by executing the mixed, read only and write only operations in the Cassandra stress tool on the data populated in this cluster. This procedure is repeated for 100% and 66% workload. The same procedure is repeated in virtual machines cluster and the results are compared.  Results. Virtualization overhead has been identified in terms of CPU utilization and the effects of virtualization on Cassandra are found out in terms of Disk utilization, throughput and latency.  Conclusions. The overhead caused due to virtualization is observed and the effect of this overhead on the performance of Cassandra has been identified. The consequence of the virtualization overhead has been related to the change in performance of Cassandra.

(EN) Primary focus of this thesis is the copyright protection of databases. This thesis introduce the copyright protection of databases as an essential element of two pillar system of European Union database protection law that is based on the directive no. 69/9/ES on the legal protection of databases. First five chapters of this thesis are concerned with general questions related to the copyright protection of databases. Purpose of these chapters is to introduce roots of legal and other nature from which the copyright protection of databases arises. This part of the thesis thus defines the phenomenon of databases in relation to information society, available means of protection, the purpose of legal protection of databases, the legal framework and relevant legal traditions. Subject of sixth chapter is the definition of database as a specific category of work and compares it with other kinds of works with the emphasis on common and distinctive characteristics. Seventh chapter focuses on elementary features of the copyright protection of databases, ie. structural protection, concept of originality and rights related to the creation and the use of databases. Eight chapter introduces the sui generis regime as a second pillar of database protection based on directive no. 69/9/ES. This chapter further...

Class of 2012 Abstract / Specific Aims: To assess the use of PDA/smartphone based electronic drug databases among pharmacists as it has changed over time. The working hypothesis is that the use of PDA/Smartphone based electronic drug databases has increased over time. Methods: A systematic review of the literature regarding the usage of PDA/smartphone based electronic drug databases among pharmacists using data that was obtained through literature searches. Main Results: Since 2006, the percentage of pharmacists that are using PDA/smartphone based electronic drug databases has increased. Conclusions: The usage of smartphones and PDA based electronic drug databases has increased among pharmacists since 2006 (p<0.05). Easier and cheaper access to the technology has likely led to the products being available to more pharmacists.

Modern geographical databases store a rich set of aspatial attributes in addition to geographic data. Retrieving spatial records constrained on spatial and aspatial attributes provides users the ability to perform more interesting spatial analyses via composite spatial searches; e.g., in a real estate database, "Find the nearest homes for sale to my current location that have backyard and whose prices are between $50,000 and $80,000". Efficient processing of such composite searches requires combined indexing strategies of multiple types of data. Existing spatial query engines commonly apply a two-filter approach (spatial filter followed by non-spatial filter, or viceversa), which can incur large performance overheads. On the other hand, the amount of geolocation data in databases is rapidly increasing due in part to advances in geolocation technologies (e.g., GPS- enabled mobile devices) that allow to associate location data to nearly every object or event. Hence, practical spatial databases may face data ingestion challenges of large data volumes. In this dissertation, we first show how indexing spatial data with R-trees (a typical data pre- processing task) can be scaled in MapReduce – a well-adopted parallel programming model, developed by Google, for data intensive problems. Close to linear scalability was observed in index construction tasks over large spatial datasets. Subsequently, we develop novel techniques for simultaneously indexing spatial with textual and numeric data to process k-nearest neighbor searches with aspatial Boolean selection constraints. In particular, numeric ranges are compactly encoded and explicitly indexed. Experimental evaluations with real spatial databases showed query response times within acceptable ranges for interactive search systems.

Data warehouses were envisioned to facilitate analytical reporting and data visualization by providing a model for the flow of data from operational databases to decision support environments. Decision support environments provide a multidimensional conceptual view of the underlying data warehouse, which is usually stored in relational DBMSs. Typically, there is an impedance mismatch between this conceptual view — shared also by all decision support applications accessing the data warehouse — and the physical model of the data stored in relational DBMSs. This thesis presents a mapping compilation algorithm in the context of the Conceptual Integration Model (CIM) [67] framework. In the CIM framework, the relationships between the conceptual model and the physical model are specified by a set of attribute-to-attribute correspondences. The algorithm compiles these correspondences into a set of mappings that associate each construct in the conceptual model with a query on the physical model. Moreover, the homogeneity and summarizability of data in conceptual models is the key to accurate query answering, a necessity in decision making environments. A data-driven approach to refactor relational models into summarizable schemas and instances is proposed as the solution of this issue. We outline the algorithms and challenges in bridging multidimensional conceptual models and the physical model of data warehouses and discuss experimental results.

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis was threefold: 1) To explore the use of text-search methods for identifying rectal cancer patients in large datasets; 2) To examine temporal trends of surgical quality indicators for rectal cancer at a single, tertiary-care institution; 3) To validate the use of administrative codes for identifying rectal cancer patients in population-based datasets. Methods: 1) A text-search algorithm was developed, validated, and applied to all pathology reports at The Ottawa Hospital (TOH) over a 15-year period. Positive records were confirmed through manual chart review, and a gold-standard cohort of all rectal cancer resections performed at TOH was created. 2) Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess temporal trends and associated factors for four (4) key surgical quality indicators. 3) Previously published methods for identifying rectal cancer resections in population-based datasets were validated using the cohort of patients created in Objective 1 as a gold standard. Results: 1) The text-search algorithm had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 98.4%, respectively. Because of low disease prevalence, positive predictive value (PPV) was 18.6%. 2) The proportion of resections with successful lymph node retrieval improved significantly over the course of the study period. No change was demonstrated for the remaining 3 surgical quality indicators. 3) Previously described methods that utilize procedure codes to identify rectal cancer resections in large administrative datasets had a sensitivity and specificity of 89.5% and 99.9%, respectively, with a PPV of 64.9%. Conclusions: It is feasible to utilize both procedure codes and text-search methods to identify patients with surgical resections for rectal cancer in administrative datasets. However, these methods are at risk of being inaccurate and resulting cohorts should be validated. Creating large cohorts of rectal cancer patients can be useful for studying a variety of subjects, including surgical quality.

This dissertation has compiled information about statewide bibliographic databases, their format, their cost, the number of titles and records, how they are being used, what kinds of libraries are using such databases in each state and the effectiveness of those databases.

M.Sc. (Computer science) / Knowledge representation suffers from certain problems, which is not a result of the inadequacies of knowledge representation schemes, but of the way in which they are used and implemented. In the first part of this dissertation we examine the relational model (as used in relational database management systems) and we examine frames (a knowledge representation scheme used in expert systems), as proposed by M. Minsky [MIN75]. We then provide our own definition of frames. In the second part, we examine similarities between the two models (the relational model and our frame model), establishing frames as a superclass of relations. We then define normalization for frames and examine how normalization might solve some of the problems we have identified. We then examine the integration of knowledge-based systems and database management systems and classify our normalization of frames as such an attempt. We conclude by examining the place of normalization within the expert system development life cycle