<p>To improve the control of a steel casting process ABB has developed an Electro Magnetic Brake (EMBR). This product is designed to improve steel quality, i.e. reduce non-metallic inclusions and blisters as well as risk of surface cracks. There is a demand of increasing the steel quality and in order to optimize the steel casting, simulations and experiments play an important role in achieving this. An advanced CFD simulation model has been created to carry out this task.</p><p>The validation of the simulation model is performed on a water model that has been built for this purpose. This water model also makes experiments possible. One step to the simulation model is to measure the velocity and motion pattern of the seeding particles and the air bubbles in the water model to see if it corresponds to the simulation results. </p><p>Since the water is transparent, seeding particles have been added to the liquid in order to observe the motion of the water. They have the same density as water. Hence the particles will follow the flow accurately. The motions of the air bubbles that are added into the water model need also to be observed since they influence the flow pattern.</p><p>An algorithm - ”Transparent motions” - is thoroughly inspected and implemented. ”Transparent motions” was originally designed to post process x-ray images. However in this thesis, it is investigated whether the algorithm might be applicable to the water model and the image sequences containing seeding particles and air bubbles that are going to be used for motion estimation.</p><p>The result show satisfying results for image sequences of particles only, however with a camera with a faster sampling interval, these results would improve. For image sequences with both bubbles and particles no results have been achieved. </p>

<p>In the newspaper printing industry, offset is the dominating printing method and the use of multicolour printing has increased rapidly in newspapers during the last decade. The offset printing process relies on the assumption that an uniform film of ink of right thickness is transferred onto the printing areas. The quality of reproduction of colour images in offset printing is dependent on a number of parameters in a chain of steps and in the end it is the amount and the distribution of ink deposited on the substrate that create the sensation and thus the perceived colours. We identify three control points in the offset printing process and present methods for assessing the printing process quality in two of these points:</p><p>• Methods for determining if the printing plates carry the correct image</p><p>• Methods for determining the amount of ink deposited onto the newsprint</p><p>A new concept of colour impression is introduced as a measure of the amount of ink deposited on the newsprint. Two factors contribute to values of the colour impression, the halftone dot-size and ink density. Colour impression values are determined on gray-bars using a CCD-camera based system. Colour impression values can also be determined in an area containing an arbitrary combination of cyan magenta and yellow inks. The correct amount of ink is known either from a reference print or from prepress information. Thus, the deviation of the amount of ink can be determined that can be used as control value by a press operator or as input to a control system.</p><p>How a closed loop controller can be designed based on the colour impression values is also shown.</p><p>It is demonstrated that the methods developed can be used for off-line print quality monitoring and ink feed control, or preferably in an online system in a newspaper printing press.</p> / Report code: LiU-TEK-LIC-2005:02.

<p>This master thesis is as a final project in the Division of Computer Engineering at the Department of Electrical of Engineering, Linköping University, Sweden. The purpose of the project is to set up a baseband behavioral model for a Bluetooth system based on standards. In the model, synchronization in demodulation part has been focused on. Simulation results are analyzed later in the report to see how the method in demodulation works. Some suggestions and future works for receiver are provided to improve the performances of the model.</p>

<p>In order to efficiently manage the large amounts of video data stored in a digital video archive, computerized management systems must be developed for storing and making the video available to users. In this thesis, we study tertiary storage technologies and storage architectures for storing and retrieving digital video in video archives.</p><p>We evaluate serpentine tape as a storage medium for digital video. In order to increase the performance of storage systems using serpentine tape, we present and evaluate a detailed access-time model for serpentine tape and a novel scheduling algorithm for optimizing concurrent accesses to the tape. The scheduling algorithm is used for evaluating serpentine tape for storing images and video sequences. The main conclusion is that by using the access-time model and the proposed scheduling algorithm, it is possible to achieve significant improvements in initial latency, average access time, and the number of requests that can be served by a single tape drive.</p><p>Tertiary storage technologies including magnetic tape and DVD are evaluated for use in digital video archives. The evaluation is performed using a simulator of the storage system of a video archive. The simulation model is based on the architecture of the Elvira~II video archive server. Different configurations for the storage system are evaluated with regards to performance and cost. In the evaluation different allocation strategies, access distributions, and user loads are studied. The effect of using a cache based on magnetic disks is investigated.</p><p>The main conclusion is that the choice of architecture and storage technology for a video archive depends on the user generated load, the size of the requested video sequences, and the access distribution for the stored videos. It also depends on whether throughput, response time, storage cost, or cost per retrieved video is the main evaluation criterion. Furthermore, we show that a video archive based on DVD as the main storage technology outperforms a video archive using magnetic tape, and that including a relatively small disk cache in most cases improves the performance and reduces the total cost of the archive. </p><p>The ideas and results presented in this thesis are also useful outside the video archive context. The strategies and results are beneficial for applications that require hierarchical storage management systems for managing large data volumes.</p>

<p>In this thesis we investigate two operational models of name-passing calculi: one based on coalgebra, and one based on enriched automata. We develop a semantic framework for modelling the open bisimulation in <i>π</i>-calculus, hyperbisimulation in Fusion calculus, and the first semantic interpretation of <i>FOλ</i>⁽<i>nabla</i>⁾ logic.</p><p>We consider a category theoretic model where both “variables” and “names”, usually viewed as separate notions, are particular cases of the more general notion of <i>atoms</i>. The key aspect of this model is to consider functors over the category of irreflexive and symmetric finite relations. The models previously proposed for the separate notions of “variables” and “names” embed faithfully in the new one, and initial algebra/final coalgebra constructions can be transferred from the formers to the latter.</p><p>Moreover, the new model admits a definition of <i>distinction-aware</i> simultaneous substitutions. As a substantial application example, we give the first semantic interpretation of Miller-Tiu's <i>FOλ</i>⁽<i>nabla</i>⁾ logic. <i>FOλ</i>⁽<i>nabla</i>⁾ logic is designed for reasoning about operational semantics of languages with binding.</p><p>On the operational level, a contribution of the thesis is to extend an automata-based model for a variety of name-passing calculi with their associated notion of equivalence. HD-automata, a syntax-independent operational model, has been successfully applied for modelling e.g. early and late bisimulation in <i>π</i>-calculus and hyperbisimulation in Fusion calculus. However, current HD-automata are not adequate for modelling open bisimulation because they can not handle distinction-preserving substitutions. We solve this technical problem by integrating the notion of distinction into the definition of named sets, the basic building blocks of HD-automata. Finally, we discuss the relationship between HD-automata with distinctions, and <b>D</b>-LTS. </p>

In order to efficiently manage the large amounts of video data stored in a digital video archive, computerized management systems must be developed for storing and making the video available to users. In this thesis, we study tertiary storage technologies and storage architectures for storing and retrieving digital video in video archives. We evaluate serpentine tape as a storage medium for digital video. In order to increase the performance of storage systems using serpentine tape, we present and evaluate a detailed access-time model for serpentine tape and a novel scheduling algorithm for optimizing concurrent accesses to the tape. The scheduling algorithm is used for evaluating serpentine tape for storing images and video sequences. The main conclusion is that by using the access-time model and the proposed scheduling algorithm, it is possible to achieve significant improvements in initial latency, average access time, and the number of requests that can be served by a single tape drive. Tertiary storage technologies including magnetic tape and DVD are evaluated for use in digital video archives. The evaluation is performed using a simulator of the storage system of a video archive. The simulation model is based on the architecture of the Elvira~II video archive server. Different configurations for the storage system are evaluated with regards to performance and cost. In the evaluation different allocation strategies, access distributions, and user loads are studied. The effect of using a cache based on magnetic disks is investigated. The main conclusion is that the choice of architecture and storage technology for a video archive depends on the user generated load, the size of the requested video sequences, and the access distribution for the stored videos. It also depends on whether throughput, response time, storage cost, or cost per retrieved video is the main evaluation criterion. Furthermore, we show that a video archive based on DVD as the main storage technology outperforms a video archive using magnetic tape, and that including a relatively small disk cache in most cases improves the performance and reduces the total cost of the archive. The ideas and results presented in this thesis are also useful outside the video archive context. The strategies and results are beneficial for applications that require hierarchical storage management systems for managing large data volumes.

<p>The major problem of robotics research today is that there is a barrier to entry into robotics research. Robot system software is complex and a researcher that wishes to concentrate on one particular problem often needs to learn about details, dependencies and intricacies of the complete system. This is because a robot system needs several different modules that need to communicate and execute in parallel.</p><p>Today there is not much controlled comparisons of algorithms and solutions for a given task, which is the standard scientific method of other sciences. There is also very little sharing between groups and projects, requiring code to be written from scratch over and over again.</p><p>This thesis proposes a general framework for robotics. By examining successful systems and architectures of past and present, yields a number of key properties. Some of these are ease of use, modularity, portability and efficiency. Even though there is much consensus on that the hybrid deliberate/reactive is the best architectural model that the community has produced so far, a framework should not stipulate a specific architecture. Instead the framework should enable the building of different architectures. Such a scheme implies that the modules are seen as common peers and not divided into clients and servers or forced into a set layering.</p><p>Using a standardized middleware such as CORBA, efficient communication can be carried out between different platforms and languages. Middleware also provides network transparency which is valuable in distributed systems. Component-based Software Engineering (CBSE) is an approach that could solve many of the aforementioned problems. It enforces modularity which helps to manage complexity. Components can be developed in isolation, since algorithms are encapsulated in components where only the interfaces need to be known by other users. A complete system can be created by assembling components from different sources.</p><p>Comparisons and sharing can greatly benefit from CBSE. A component-based framework called ORCA has been implemented with the following characteristics. All communication is carried out be either of three communication patterns, query, send and push. Communication is done using CORBA, although most of the CORBA code is hidden for the developer and can in the future be replaced by other mechanisms. Objects are transported between components in the form of the CORBA valuetype.</p><p>A component model is specified that among other things include support for a state-machine. This also handles initialization and sets up communication. Configuration is achieved by the presence of an XML-file per component. A hardware abstraction scheme is specified that basically route the communication patterns right down to the hardware level.</p><p>The framework has been verified by the implementation of a number of working systems. </p>

<p>Radar warning systems are life saving equipment in modern fighter aircraft. It is therefore vital that the system can tell the difference between a threat genuine frequency) and a false signal (spurious frequency). </p><p>This thesis presents a model aimed at predicting the frequencies and other parameters in the RF converter of the radar warning system. The components of the RF converter have been studied, measured, and modelled. The modelling tool has been the Simulink toolbox for Matlab. </p><p>Extreme accuracy has been sacrificed in order to make the model easy to use for the working engineer. Instead, this model presents a rough estimate of some of the most important properties of the radar warning system with just a few data sheet figures as input.</p><p>The simulation results are satisfactory as a whole. Simulink is the limiting factor in the implementation of the model. Significantly improved results can probably be obtained by working in another software environment.</p>

<p>There are 12 weather radars operated jointly by smhi and the Swedish Armed Forces in Sweden. Data from them are used for short term forecasting and analysis. The traditional way of viewing data from the radars is in 2D images, even though 3D polar volumes are delivered from the radars. The purpose of this work is to develop an application for 3D viewing of weather radar data. </p><p>There are basically three approaches to visualization of volumetric data, such as radar data: slicing with cross-sectional planes, surface extraction, and volume rendering. The application developed during this project supports variations on all three approaches. Different objects, e.g. horizontal and vertical planes, isosurfaces, or volume rendering objects, can be added to a 3D scene and viewed simultaneously from any angle. Parameters of the objects can be set using a graphical user interface and a few different plots can be generated. </p><p>Compared to the traditional 2D products used by meteorologists when analyzing radar data, the 3D scenes add information that makes it easier for the users to understand the given weather situations. Demonstrations and discussions with meteorologists have rendered positive reactions. The application will be installed and evaluated at Arlanda airport in Sweden.</p>

<p>The Swedish field of digital X-ray imaging has since several years relied heavily on distributed information systems and digital storage containers. </p><p>To ensure accurate and safe radiological reporting, Swedish software-firm eCare AB delivers a system called Feedback—the first and only quality assurance IT support product of its kind. This thesis covers several aspects of the design and implementation of future versions of this software platform. </p><p>The focus lies on distributed directory services and models for secure and robust data propagation in TCP/IP networks. For data propagation, a new application, InfoBroker, has been designed and implemented to facilitate integration between Feedback and other medical IT support systems. The directory services, introduced in this thesis as the Feedback Directory Services, have been designed on the architectural level. A combination of CORBA and Java Enterprise Edition is suggested as the implementation platform.</p>