Skin sensitization resulting for allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is an occupational and environmental health issue. The allergic hazard for workers and consumers is a serious problem for individuals, employers and marketing certain products. Consequently, it is necessary to accurately identify chemicals skin sensitization potential. According to the new EU chemical regulation REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals), information of skin sensitization of chemicals manufactured or imported at or above 1 ton/year should be available. Currently, valid approaches assessing skin sensitization rely on animal testing, such as local lymph node assay (LLNA). However, it now ultimately eliminates using animals for this purpose. Based on the fact that a key step in the skin sensitization process is formatting a covalent adduct between allergic sensitizers and proteins and/or peptides in skin, a lot of additional approaches are proposed and developed for replacing or reducing animal used. In this research, three bioassays, 24 h growth inhibition toward Tetrahymena pyriformis, long term (24 h) and short term (30 min) bacterial toxicity (to Vibrio fischeri), and a kinetic glutathione chemoassay are applied for predicting the organic chemicals’ skin sensitization potential. The major results and conclusions obtained are listed as follows: 1. Toxicity enhancement (Te) of 55 chemicals comprising different sensitization potencies were determined and compared with their narcotic toxicity to predict their skin sensitization. Three linear regressions yielded for all allergic sensitizer without nonsensitizers for each bioassay. The linear regressions are improved after classifying sensitizers into five different reaction mechanistic domains. Correspondingly, five different slopes from various reaction mechanisms indicate a decreased sensitivity of toxicity enhancement to skin sensitization potential with order SNAr > SN2 > acylation ≈ Schiff base > aromatic Michael addition. Based on the fact that a key step in the skin sensitization process is forming a covalent adduct between allergic sensitizers and proteins and/or peptides, Te > 10 as a threshold is applied to discriminate these allergic sensitizers, with 100% accuracy for strong (with extreme) and weaker sensitizers, up to 72% accuracy for moderate sensitizers and less than 69% accuracy for nonsensitizers. Compared with these bioassays, a decreasing order of sensitivities is 24 h growth inhibition (Tetrahymena pyriformis) > 24 h growth inhibition (Vibrio fischeri) > 30 min bioluminescence inhibition (Vibrio fischeri). These three bioassays are useful tools for screening sensitization potency of allergic chemicals, and the toxicity enhancement (Te) can be used to discriminate sensitizers from weak or nonsensitizers. However, in this context we should separate aromatic from aliphatic Mas (Michael acceptors). Moreover, metabolic biotransformation should be considered during predicting nonsensitizers’ skin sensitization. 2. Chemical reactivity of selected 55 compounds measuring through kinetic glutathione chemoassay applies to predict their skin sensitization. This chemoassay confirms the fact that the key step of sensitizers eliciting skin sensitization is formatting a covalent adduct between sensitizers and skin proteins or peptides. The chemical reactivity of tested sensitizers strongly relates with their sensitization potential, with strong (extreme) sensitizers presenting the highest reactivity as followed with moderate sensitizers, weak sensitizers as well as nonsensitizers. Moreover, an integrated platform of this chemoassay data and three bioassays data is performed, and this performance shows good sensitivity for monitoring skin sensitization potency, with more rational accuracy for each sensitizing classifications. 3. Thiol reactivity (kGSH) as well as toxicity enhancement (Te) of additional 21 aliphatic α,β-unsaturated compounds are determined for predicting their skin sensitization potential. The linear regressions of skin sensitization versus thiol reactivity and skin sensitization versus toxicity enhancement are significantly improved after classifying these 21 compounds to four chemical subgroups (acrylates, other esters, ketones and aldehydes). Thiol reactivity of these subgroups presented different sensitivity to skin sensitization, with a decreasing order as acrylates (－2.05) > other esters (－1.26) > ketones (－0.43) > aldehydes (－0.21). Moreover, thiol reactivity is confirmed to be a more sensitive tool for predicting skin sensitization, compared with toxicity enhancement. Although the datasets are probably too small to give a definite decision, hydrophobicity reveals contribution to skin sensitization for aliphatic MAs, which is different with literature report. This study suggests that aliphatic MAs should be treated separately into different chemical subgroups for analysis, and their skin sensitization potency can be predicted using kinetic glutathione chemoassay as well as toxicity enhancement bioassay.

The Steiner Tree problem has appeared in the Karp's list of the first 21 NP-hard problems and is well known as one of the most fundamental problems in Network Design area. We study the Node-Weighted version of the Prize Collecting Steiner Tree problem. In this problem, we are given a simple graph with a cost and penalty value associated with each node. Our goal is to find a subtree T of the graph minimizing the cost of the nodes in T plus penalty of the nodes not in T. By a reduction from set cover problem it can be easily shown that the problem cannot be approximated in polynomial time within factor of (1-o(1))ln n unless NP has quasi-polynomial time algorithms, where n is the number of vertices of the graph. Moss and Rabani claimed an O(log n)-approximation algorithm for the problem using a Primal-Dual approach in their STOC'01 paper \cite{moss2001}. We show that their algorithm is incorrect by providing a counter example in which there is an O(n) gap between the dual solution constructed by their algorithm and the optimal solution. Further, evidence is given that their algorithm probably does not have a simple fix. We propose a new algorithm which is more involved and introduces novel ideas in primal dual approach for network design problems. Also, our algorithm is a Lagrangian Multiplier Preserving algorithm and we show how this property can be utilized to design an O(log n)-approximation algorithm for the Node-Weighted Quota Steiner Tree problem using the Lagrangian Relaxation method. We also show an application of the Node Weighted Quota Steiner Tree problem in designing algorithm with better approximation factor for Technology Diffusion problem, a problem proposed by Goldberg and Liu in \cite{goldberg2012} (SODA 2013). In Technology Diffusion, we are given a graph G and a threshold θ(v) associated with each vertex v and we are seeking a set of initial nodes called the seed set. Technology Diffusion is a dynamic process defined over time in which each vertex is either active or inactive. The vertices in the seed set are initially activated and each other vertex v gets activated whenever there are at least θ(v) active nodes connected to v through other active nodes. The Technology Diffusion problem asks to find the minimum seed set activating all nodes. Goldberg and Liu gave an O(rllog n)-approximation algorithm for the problem where r and l are the diameter of G and the number of distinct threshold values, respectively. We improve the approximation factor to O(min{r,l}log n) by establishing a close connection between the problem and the Node Weighted Quota Steiner Tree problem.

This thesis studies advection modeling for heat transfer and fluid flow problems using a new Non--Inverted Skew Upwind Scheme (called NISUS). Variants of the new scheme are formulated and developed with 8-noded hexahedral elements using the Finite Element Method (FEM)and rectangular elements based on a Finite Volume Method (FVM). A new method of mass weighting to predict convective fluxes of each scalar from the nodal point values is developed. Due to an explicit representation in terms of nodal variables, local inversion of the upwind coefficient matrix is not needed. Also, this thesis evaluates two variants of the new scheme (i.e., 3-node / 3-point and 4-node / 8-point formulations) within a 3--D FEM and a third variant within a 2--D FVM. The 3--D FEM variants are applied to a variety of test problems involving the transport of a scalar variable, while the 2--D FVM variant is applied to fluid flow problems including natural convection in an enclosure and micro--channel flow simulations. The promising performance of NISUS, as compared with exact and previous solutions, is demonstrated both in terms of accuracy and stability. Furthermore, a new data storage format called Compressed Banded Data (CBD) is developed for sparse banded matrices generated by the control volume finite element method (CVFEM). The platform of the new CBD structure permits dynamic switching between various solvers, without any procedural change in the implementation of existing simulation software. The performance of different Krylov techniques with an ILU(0) preconditioner is observed and compared in three test problems with a direct solver.

De nos jours, la notion de responsabilité dans un système distribué est devenue quasiment incontournable dans les techniques de détection de fautes. Elle permet non seulement de détecter les fautes mais aussi de fournir des preuves de dysfonctionnement contre les noeuds fautifs dans un système distribué. Les noeuds dits rationnels, c'est-à-dire des noeuds qui essayent de tirer profit du système en maximisant leur bénéfice sans y contribuer en, sont un exemple.Dans la littérature, il existe deux types de solutions exploitant cette notion : les solutions spécifiques et les solutions génériques.Les solutions spécifiques sont relatives à un type de système distribué donné et se construisent en tenant compte de la structure du système et de l'application qui s'y exécute. Les solutions génériques quant à elles, sont indépendantes du système.Dans cette thèse nous nous intéressons au second type de solutions c'est à dire les solutions génériques. Dans cette classe de solutions, il existe deux approches pour mettre en place la notion de responsabilité : l'approche matérielle et l'approche logicielle.Actuellement le seul protocole logiciel, générique qui permet d'assurer la notion de responsabilité dans un système distribué, est le protocole PeerReview.Ce protocole n'est basé sur une aucune configuration matérielle. Cependant, il n'est pas robuste aux comportements dits rationnels au sein de ses propres étapes.Notre objectif est de fournir une solution logicielle sous-jacente renforçant la notion de responsabilité au niveau d'une application qui s'exécute sur un système distribué en présence de noeuds rationnels.Pour ce faire nous proposons FullReview un protocole qui se base sur la théorie des jeux pour motiver et forcer les noeuds rationnels à suivre les différentes étapes, non seulement au niveau de son propre protocole mais aussi au niveau de l'application qu'il surveille. En outre, FullReview utilise l'architecture classique d'un système responsable, qui associe à chaque noeud un ensemble de noeuds appelés moniteurs ou surveillants, et ayant un rôle de surveillance périodique du noeud en question.Nous prouvons théoriquement que notre protocole est un équilibre de Nash, c'est-à-dire que les noeuds rationnels n'ont aucun intérêt à dévier du protocole.Ce genre de protocole étant coûteux en terme d'échanges de messages, nous nous sommes intéressés à l'étude théorique des différentes techniques de gestion des moniteurs ou surveillants.L'objectif de cette étude est d'identifier les conditions sur les paramètres du protocole pour lesquelles une méthode de gestion convient mieux qu'une autre.De plus nous évaluons notre protocole en l'appliquant à deux applications largement utilisées : SplitStream, un protocole efficace pour la multi-diffusion de flux vidéo et Onion Routing, le protocole de communication anonyme le plus utilisé. Les résultats montrent que FullReview détecte efficacement les comportements rationnels avec un faible surcoût comparé au protocole PeerReview et passe à l'échelle comme ce dernier. / Accountability is becoming increasingly required in today's distributed systems. It allows not only to detect faults but also to build provable evidence about the misbehaving nodes in a distributed system. Rational nodes that aim at maximising their benefit without contributing their fair share to the system, are an example. In the literature, there exists two types of solutions that exploit accountability: specific solutions and generic solutions.Specific solutions are related to a given type of distributed system and are built by taking into account the structure of the system and the running application. As for generic solutions, they are independent to the system.In this thesis we consider the second type of solutions i.e., generic solutions. There exists two approaches in this class of solutions: hardware approach and software approach. Nowadays the only software and generic protocol that allows to enforce accountability in a distributed system is PeerReview protocol. This protocol is not based on any hardware configuration. However, it is not robust to rational behaviour in its own steps.Our objective is to provide a generic software solution to enforce accountability on any underlying application that running on a distributed system in presence of rational nodes.To reach this goal we propose FullReview a protocol that uses game theory to motivate and force rational participants to follow different steps, not only in its own protocol but also in the application that it monitors. Moreover FullReview uses the classical architecture of an accountable system. This architecture assigns to each node in the system, a set of nodes called monitors. Periodically each node is monitored by its set of monitors.We theoretically prove that our protocol is a Nash equilibrium, i.e., nodes do not have any interest in deviating from it.This kind of protocol being costly in terms of messages exchanged, we are interested to the theoretic study of different techniques of monitors management. The objective of this study is to identify conditions on protocol parameters for which a method of management is more appropriate than another.Furthermore, we practically evaluate FullReview by deploying it for enforcing accountability in two applications: (1) SplitStream, an efficient multicast protocol for live streaming, and (2) Onion Routing, the most widely used anonymous communication protocol. Performance evaluation shows that FullReview effectively detects faults in presence of rational nodes while introducing a small overhead compared to PeerReview and scaling as PeerReview.

No description available.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNets), consisting of a lot of Wireless Sensor Nodes (WSNs), play an important role in structural health and machine condition monitoring. But the WSNs provided by the current market cannot meet the diversity of application requirements because they have limited functions, unreliable node performance, high node cost, high system redundancy, and short node lifespan. The aim of the research is to design the architecture of a WSN with low power consumption and node cost, which can be dynamically configured according to application requirements for structural health and machine condition monitoring. This research investigates the improvement of node performance and reliability through the new design methodologies and the extension of node lifespan by interfacing energy harvesters and implementing node power management. The main contributions of the research are presented from the following aspects:1. Model development of node architecture for application diversityThe merits of model include: (1) The proposed node architecture can be dynamically configured in terms of application requirements for reducing system redundancy, power consumption and cost; (2) It supports multichannel signal measurement with the synchronous and asynchronous signal sampling modules and three interface circuits; (3)The model parameters can be calculated; (4) As the model is based on discrete electronic components, it can be implemented by using Components-Off-The-Shelf (COTS).2. A novel pipeline design of the built-in ADC inside a microprocessorThe merit of proposed pipeline solution lies in that the sampling time of the built-in ADCs is reduced to one third of the original value, when the ADC operates in sequence sampling mode based on multichannel signal measurement.3. Self-adjusting measurement of sampled signal amplitude This work provides a novel method to avoid the distortion of sampled signals even though the environmental signal changes randomly and over the sampling range of the node ADC. The proposed method can be implemented with four different solutions.4. Interface design to support energy harvesting The proposed interface will allow to: (1) collect the paroxysmal ambient energy as more as possible; (2) store energy to a distribution super-capacitor array; (3) harvest electrical energy at high voltage using piezoelectric materials without any transformer; (4) support the diversity of energy transducers; and (5) perform with high conversion efficiency.5. A new network task scheduling model for node wireless transceiver The model allows to: (1) calculate node power consumption according to network task scheduling; (2) obtain the optimal policy for scheduling network task.6. A new work-flow model for a WSN The model provides an easy way to (1) calculate node power consumption according to the work flow inside a WSN; (2) take fully advantage of the power modes of node electronic components rather than outside factors; (3) improve effectively node design.

Orientador: Luís Otávio Zanatta Sarian / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T18:24:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Matheus_CarolinaNascimben_D.pdf: 2850729 bytes, checksum: fd170a425e039c6e8f1324b637393c8b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Objetivo: Esta tese visou avaliar os parâmetros vasculares arteriais e venosos dos vasos axilares e braquiais em mulheres submetidas a tratamento para câncer de mama. Subdividimos estas avaliações conforme os objetivos abordados em duas publicações, respectivamente: 1) Comparar aos parâmetros de circulação venosa e arterial nos vasos axilares e braquiais em função do tipo de abordagem cirúrgica da axila (BLS ou LAT) em até seis meses após a intervenção. 2) Identificar os fatores que influenciam os parâmetros vasculares da veias axilares e braquiais ipsilaterais à cirurgia para tratamento do câncer de mama. Métodos: Foram identificadas 547 pacientes consecutivas, submetidas a tratamento cirúrgico para câncer de mama entre agosto de 2012 e janeiro de 2014. Depois de seguir critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 197 mulheres foram recrutadas. O projeto foi aprovado pelo comitê de ética do hospital e todos os pacientes assinaram o termo de consentimento informado. Os critérios de inclusão foram 1) câncer da mama primário operável 2) abordagem axilar cirúrgica; 3) não ter sido submetida a reconstrução da mama. Os critérios de exclusão foram 1) câncer de mama bilateral, 2) história prévia de procedimentos cirúrgicos para um dos membros superiores ou no tórax, 3) comprometimento ortopédico ou neurológico de um dos membros superiores, 4) insuficiência renal ou cardíaca. Todas as pacientes responderam a um breve questionário sobre suas características clínicas e epidemiológicas. Foi então realizada avaliação ultrassonográfica dos vasos braquiais e axilares, bilateralmente, nos seguintes momentos: no dia anterior à cirurgia e 1, 3, 6 e 12 meses após a cirurgia. No primeiro artigo, comparamos os parâmetros arteriais e venosos, até seis meses após a cirurgia, em função da realização de dissecção linfática completa ou linfonodo sentinela; no segundo, restringimos as análises ao sistema venoso e estendemos a avaliação para até 1 ano após a cirurgia, comparando os parâmetros vasculares em função de características clínicas e epidemiológicas das pacientes e das modalidades de tratamentos utilizados. Resultados: Foram encontradas restrições de diâmetro em veias do braço ipsilateral ao câncer de mama de mulheres submetidas à dissecção axilar (LAT), efeito que não foi observado no grupo BLS. A área da secção transversal de veias braquial e axilar diminuiu progressivamente até seis meses, com a redução do fluxo sanguíneo concomitante destes vasos. Encontramos, na mulher sem linfedema, que a área de secção transversal e fluxo venoso do sangue (especialmente veia braquial) são negativamente afetados pela cirurgia e / ou quimioterapia / radioterapia. Este efeito prejudicial parece persistir até um ano. Não houve diferença significativa em nenhum dos parâmetros estudados entre os vasos ipsi e contralaterais ao câncer de mama. Conclusões: De maneira geral, nosso estudo demonstra que os tratamentos cirúrgicos, especialmente LAT, e a radio e quimioterapia, possuem efeitos deletérios sobre a circulação sanguínea dos vasos axilares e braquiais, sobretudo venosos. Esses efeitos são aparentemente permanentes e há necessidade de extensão do tempo de follow-up a fim de avaliar se o desenvolvimento subsequente de linfedema ocorrerá em associação às alterações vasculares / Abstract: Objective: The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the arterial and venous vascular parameters of the axillary and brachial vessels in women who underwent treatment for breast cancer. We subdivided these assessments according to the following objectives, in two publications: 1) To compare the venous and arterial vascular parameters in the axillary vessels and brachial depending on the type of axillary surgical approach (SLNB or ALND) within six months after the intervention. 2) To identify which factors influence the vascular parameters of axillary and brachial veins ipsilateral to surgical for treatment of breast cancer. Methods: We identified 547 consecutive patients undergoing surgical treatment for breast cancer between August 2012 and January 2014. After following inclusion and exclusion criteria, 197 women were recruited. The project was approved by the hospital's ethics committee and all patients signed an informed consent form. Inclusion criteria were 1) primary operable breast cancer 2) surgical axillary approach; 3) not having undergone breast reconstruction. Exclusion criteria were 1) bilateral breast cancer, 2) history of previous surgical procedures for one of the upper limbs or breast, 3) orthopedic or neurological impairment of one upper limb, 4) kidney or heart failure. All patients completed a brief questionnaire about their clinical and epidemiological characteristics. Then we performed Doppler ultrasonography evaluation of axillary and brachial vessels, bilaterally, at the following times: the day before surgery and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. In the first article, we compared the arterial and venous parameters, up to six months after surgery, depending on SLNB or ALND; in the second, we restricted the analysis to the venous system and extend the evaluation for up to 1 year after surgery, comparing the vascular parameters with clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients and treatment modalities used. Results: diameter restrictions were found in the ipsilateral veins of the arm in women with breast cancer undergoing ALND, and that effect was not observed in SLNB group. The cross sectional area of brachial and axillary veins progressively decreased up to six months, with concomitant reduction of blood flow to these vessels. In women with no lymphedema, the cross-sectional area and venous blood flow (especially brachial vein) are negatively affected by surgery and / or chemotherapy / radiotherapy. This detrimental effect seems to persist up to one year. There was no significant difference on studied parameters between ipsilateral and contralateral vessels to breast cancer. Conclusions: In essence, our study shows that surgical treatments, especially ALND, and the radiation and chemotherapy, have deleterious effects on blood circulation of the axillary and brachial vessels, especially venous. These effects are apparently permanent, prompting the extension of the follow-up evaluation in order to assess whether subsequent lymphedema formation will be associated with vascular abnormalities / Doutorado / Oncologia Ginecológica e Mamária / Doutora em Ciências da Saúde

The goal of this diploma work is to study the problems of wireless sensor networks. Describe elements of sensor network and discuss how the individual sensor nodes communicate with each other. Find the way how it would be possible to determine the possition of the new added sensor node or mobile sensor node in the sensor network. The selected one algorithm of determining the possition of the sensor node will be implemented in diploma thesis. Algorithms for determining the positions of sensor nodes are divided into groups by using the methods. Selected algorithm will be tested in simulation on chosen platform.

Objective: Previous studies have used acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry to identify cholinergic nerves in the heart, but this enzyme is not a selective marker for cholinergic neurons. This study maps cholinergic innervation of guinea pig heart using a new antibody to the human high-affinity choline transporter (CHT), which is present only in cholinergic nerves. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to localize CHTs in frozen and paraffin sections of heart and whole mount preparations of atrial ganglionated nerve plexus. AChE-positive nerve fibers were identified in sections from separate hearts for comparison. Results: Control experiments established that the antibody to human CHT selectively labeled cholinergic neurons in the guinea pig. CHT-immunoreactive nerve fibers and AChE-positive nerves were very abundant in the sinus and AV nodes, bundle of His, and bundle branches. Both markers also delineated a distinct nerve tract in the posterior wall of the right atrium. AChE-positive nerve fibers were more abundant than CHT-immunoreactive nerves in working atrial and ventricular myocardium. CHT-immunoreactive nerves were rarely observed in left ventricular free wall. Both markers were associated with numerous parasympathetic ganglia that were distributed along the posterior atrial walls and within the interatrial septum, including the region of the AV node. Conclusions: Comparison of labeling patterns for CHT and AChE suggests that AChE histochemistry overestimates the density of cholinergic innervation in the heart. The distribution of CHT-immunoreactive nerve fibers and parasympathetic ganglia in the guinea pig heart suggests that heart rate, conduction velocity, and automaticity are precisely regulated by cholinergic innervation. In contrast, the paucity of CHT-immunoreactive nerve fibers in left ventricular myocardium implies that vagal efferent input has little or no direct influence on ventricular contractile function in the guinea pig.

Denna uppsats kretsar kring beslutsfattande och metodik vid fastighetsinvesteringar i potentiella tillväxtnoder. Då fastighetssektorn är så omfattande har vi valt att avgränsa oss till en speciell typ av fastigheter, närmare bestämt logistikfastigheter. Ytterligare en fördjupning har skett, där vi valt ut en specifik investering i området, för att fördjupa oss om denna. Det specifika fall vi valt att ta mestadels av vår data från är Rosersbergs industriområde, även känt som Stockholm Nord Logistikcenter. Som en referenspunkt till Stockholm Nord Logistikcenter har vi i arbetet även skrivit översiktligt om Arenastaden, som är belägen i Solna. En del tidigare forskning har gjort på området Logistik, och somliga av dessa studier har vi även tagit del av för att utvinna information inom ämnet som även kunnat användas i vårt arbete. Dock har den studien vi främst använt oss av varit inriktad på logistik i sin helhet och inte ett specifikt fall. På cirka 9 år har området utanför Rosersberg villastad förvandlats från en skog, inom ett bullerområde utanför en mindre bostadsort, till en logistiknod där ett tiotal stora företag bedriver verksamhet i tusentals kvadratmeter lokaler. Allt detta i något som tros komma att bli ett av de största logistikcentrena i hela Sverige, och med tanke för de framtidsplaner som finns är det inte osannolikt. Den största drivkraften för projektet har varit Kilenkrysset, men detta med hjälp av gott samarbetsvilja från offentlig sektor. Vår studie kretsar kring vilka faktorer som påverkat till att denna investering blivit lyckad, samt vilken typ av företag det är som bedrivit arbetet. Vi har även gått in på hur orten Rosersberg, som tidigare legat i lä, påverkats av detta händelseförlopp. Innan projektet i Rosersberg initierades av Kilenkrysset har många frågor angående området diskuterats inom kommunen under många årtionden, dock har man aldrig kommit till skott på grund av bristande intresse och samhällsnytta. Utifrån det vi kunnat utläsa av den tillgängliga data vi samlat, har vi kunnat dra slutsatsen att utvecklingen bidragit till att göra platsen attraktiv för företag, men likväl för människor att numera bo i. Under arbetet har vi tagit kontakt med fyra respondenter som intervjuats, varav tre av dessa respondenter kommer från koncernen Kilenkrysset. Flera företag, bland annat NCC, har kontribuerat till utvecklingen i Rosersbergs industriområde, men Kilenkrysset är de som varit överlägset störst i området. Vi har även haft kontakt med en före detta anställd på bygg- och trafiknämnden i Sigtuna kommun för att få en objektiv, och mer överskådlig bild över hur samarbetet mellan offentlig sektor och investerare sett ut. För att bättre kunna förstå hur beslutsfattande skötts inom Kilenkrysset, både under och innan projektets fortgående, har vi studerat företaget mer grundligt. Information har framtagits kring företagets uppstart och dess historia, och hur det beslutsfattandet som till sist ledde dem till Rosersberg sett ut. Man kan klart se att både företaget i sin helhet och dess ledning är säregna, vilket man även ur materialet kan observera hur detta gynnat dem under projektets fortlöpande. Men även negativa aspekter har tagits upp angående deras beslutsfattande och tillvägagångssätt. Detta för att ge en rättvisande bild av vilka för- och nackdelar som i realiteten kretsar runt dessa metoder. / This essay revolves around the desicion making process in real estate investments, where the investment contributes to the economic growth of the surrounding area. Due to the sheer size of the sector, we have chosen to limit our study to a specific type of real estate, which we decided to be logistic property. We have also chosen to study a specific case in more detail, to be able to understand how these projects develops. The case we chose was the investment of Rosersbergs Industrial park, also known as Stockholm Nord Logistic Centre. As a point of reference to this project we have chosen to briefly look into another, quite similar in size, project; Arenastaden in Solna. There have been studies made on Logistics in the past, some of which we have chosen to use as sources of information on our study. The study we used as the main source studied logistics on a different scale than ours, where the whole logistics market in Stockholm was studied. In merely 9 years the area surrounding Rosersberg has transformed, from unexploited land suffering from airport noise, into a rapidly growing logistics center where dozens of companies have chosen to exist. All this in an area many believe will be one of the biggest logistic centers in Sweden, which is not unlikely due to the future plans of the area. The company that initiated the project, which also has been the driving force is Kilenkrysset AB, with a lot of assistance from a supportive municipality. Before the company's initiative in the area, the municipality has been contemplating since the 60's what to do with the area, and how to make it grow. The issue before the company came along was almost solely economical; because there was no solid plan or investor to take care of the area and the infrastructure surrounding it. Based on the data we collected the area has improved its attraction both to companies, as well as to the residents in the area. Our study will attempt to determine which of the variables had the greatest importance on the end result of the project. As well as to study which type of company that decides to take on these kinds of projects. We have also studied how the surrounding area in Rosersberg has grown as a result of this specific investment. To gather information on the subject, we have contacted four respondents, which consists of three people from the Kilenkrysset organization. The reason why the majority of the interviewed respondents has been from one single company is because they have by far been the biggest investor in the area. The construction company NCC has also been part of the development in the area, but have sold most of their property to Kilenkrysset. The last respondent is from the building and traffic department within the municipality (Bygg- och trafiknämnden). Since we want to understand how decision making is handled within these types of organizations, we have chosen to study Kilenkrysset more thoroughly. Information about their history and the decision making process that eventually lead them to Rosersberg. From the information collected we can conclude that the company and its management have quite an extraordinary way of doing business. It is also obvious how their way of thinking has benefited them throughout their project in Rosersberg. But every technique has consequences, and we will also enlighten these consequences to try to observe both the pros and the cons about these methods.