This is an era that the financial environment would undergo a vast reform. By the catalysis of the internationalized and liberalized financial policy, the financial prosperity has vigorous development, which didn¡¦t appear before. Although so, the financial deterioration would come along with it, and of which the order of severity never yet happened before. This is an era as well that the knowledge of economics dominates in our daily life. The intellectual capital has gradually taken the place of traditional and sensible capital of property. This is not only the thing, for which many current Knowledge-Creating Company are concerned, and which becomes abruptly a key factor to decide success or failure in the market of living competition. The banking is a very particular industry. On the level of industrial technique, it is the most scientific among the service industry. In order to satisfy the requirement of consumer, the banking, which has to depend on application to link different kinds of professional knowledge with information technology, is a typical industry by the process to transform accumulative knowledge into competitive ability of an enterprise. And then, on the level of industrial function, the banking possess many sorts and complex of functions which contain finance, service, economy, society, etc. Therefore, a bank operates well or not, which will not only affect rights and interests of shareholder, even more will concern the development of the entire social economy. For the above-mentioned background, this thesis adopt a sort of evaluating method of operating efficiency which is different from the analysis of traditional financial affairs rate. That¡¦s ¡§Data Envelopment Analysis: a DEA¡¨, which can measure the operating efficiency between domestic banks, and deeply explore the source of non-efficiency to find out the real problem whether it¡¦s from a simple technique efficiency or scale efficiency, furthermore which can help us to understand where we can improve in the area of output, especially for the non-efficient bank, by way of slack variable analysis. Besides, this thesis also brings up an idea about intellectual capital of bank, which, more and more to be esteemed in administration circles, can provide domestic banks for discussion and comparison concerning their intellectual capital. Last, this thesis explores whether bank has obvious relation between intellectual capital and operating efficiency. We expect that the administrator of bank management will attach importance to intellectual capital through the result of study in this thesis, and deeply consider the existential value of bank¡¦s self as well as the direction of future development. We are in a brand-new situation after our country joins WTO, therefore, we expect that our country would, promote competitive strength, achieve further the integration of domestic financial strength, and stand erect in the international finance market with its most strong lineup.

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Two main methods have been used in mutual funds evaluation. One is portfolio evaluation, and the other is data envelopment analysis (DEA). The history of portfolio evaluation dates from the 1960s with emphasis on both expected return and risk. However, there are many criticisms of traditional portfolio analysis which focus on their sensitivity to chosen benchmarks. Imperfections in portfolio analysis models have led to the exploration of other methodologies to evaluate fund performance, in particular data envelopment analysis (DEA). DEA is a non-parametric methodology for measuring relative performance based on mathematical programming. Based on the unique characteristics of investment trusts, Morey and Morey (1999) developed a mutual funds efficiency measure in a traditional mean-variance model. It was based on Markowitz portfolio theory and related the non-parametric methodologies to the foundations of traditional performance measurement in mean-variance space. The first application in this thesis is to apply the non-linear programming calculation of the efficient frontier in mean variance space outlined in Morey and Morey (1999) to a new modern data set comprising a multi-year sample of investment funds. One limitation of DEA is the absence of sampling error from the methodology. Therefore the second innovation in this thesis extends Morey and Morey (1999) model by the application of bootstrapped probability density functions in order to develop confidence intervals for the relative performance indicators. This has not previously been achieved for the DEA frontier in mean variance space so that the DEA efficiency scores obtained through Morey and Morey (1999) model have not hitherto been tested for statistical significance. The third application in this thesis is to examine the efficiency of investment trusts in order to analyze the factors contributing to investment trusts' performance and detect the determinants of inefficiency. Robust-OLS regression, Tobit models and Papke-Wooldridge (PW) models are conducted and compared to evaluate contextual variables affecting the performance of investment funds. From the thesis, new and original Matlab codes designed for Morey and Morey (1999) models are presented. With the Matlab codes, not only the results are obtained, but also how this quadratic model is programming could be very clearly seen, with all the details revealed.

In the standard Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), the strong disposability and convexity axioms along with the variable/constant return to scale assumption provide a good estimation of the production possibility set and the efficient frontier. However, when data contains some or all measures represented by ratios, the standard DEA fails to generate an accurate efficient frontier. This problem has been addressed by a number of researchers and models have been proposed to solve the problem. This thesis proposes a “Maximized Slack Model” as a second stage to an existing model. This work implements a two phase modified model in MATLAB (since no existing DEA software can handle ratios) and with this new tool, compares the results of our proposed model against the results from two other standard DEA models for a real example with ratio and non-ratio measures. Then we propose different approaches to get a close approximation of the convex hull of the production possibility set as well as the frontier when ratio variables are present on the side of the desired orientation.

In the standard Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), the strong disposability and convexity axioms along with the variable/constant return to scale assumption provide a good estimation of the production possibility set and the efficient frontier. However, when data contains some or all measures represented by ratios, the standard DEA fails to generate an accurate efficient frontier. This problem has been addressed by a number of researchers and models have been proposed to solve the problem. This thesis proposes a “Maximized Slack Model” as a second stage to an existing model. This work implements a two phase modified model in MATLAB (since no existing DEA software can handle ratios) and with this new tool, compares the results of our proposed model against the results from two other standard DEA models for a real example with ratio and non-ratio measures. Then we propose different approaches to get a close approximation of the convex hull of the production possibility set as well as the frontier when ratio variables are present on the side of the desired orientation.

The achievements of operation in Taiwan Power Company, a state-run power supply enterprise, affect by the non-controllable factor such as energy policy and dispatcher factor and so on. The conclusion based on simplification for input and output because that these factors too complicated to concreted. This research uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate relative efficiencies of power plants in Taiwan Power Company by involving variables of the capacity, manpower, the cost of operation and maintenance, net power output, through relevant documents. The slack variable analysis show that where these shortcomings are. This main conclusions of this study are summarized as follows: The empirical results indicate that the best average relative efficiency of 5 power plants are the TaiChung thermal power plant, 3rd nuclear power plant, 2nd nuclear power plant, 1st nuclear power plant and the Eastern hydropower plant. The worst 5 power plants are The Takuan hydropower plant, Mingtan hydropower plant, DaLin thermal power plant, Nan-Pu thermal power plant and the Jhuolan hydropower plant. The slack variable vnalysis show that there are the eight idle installed capacity, three idle personnel and seven over cost of operation and maintenance of the power plant to carry on the self-criticism. The good average relative efficiency power plant among seven hydropower plants are Mingtan; But the bad relative efficiency is Jhuolan power plant. Enhances management achievements of the hydropower plant department, should first have the four idle installed capacity, three idle personnel and two over cost of operation and maintenance of the power plant to carry on the self-criticism. By the three nuclear power plant for the analysis object knew its relative efficiency to be best by the 3rd site, the 2nd site is the worst. Enhances management achievements of the nuclear power plant, should first have the one idle personnel and two over cost of operation and maintenance of the power plant to carry on the self-criticism. For analyzing the object knowing relative efficiency by eight thermal power plants, the best is the Taichung power plant; but relative bad efficiency is the DaLin power plant. Enhances management achievements part the thermal power plant should first have the four idle installed capacity, four idle personnel and six over cost of operation and maintenance of the power plant to carry on the self-criticism. From four type of analyses, the technical efficiency is bigger than overall efficiency in Taipower company. Because the input efficiency over the output efficiency ratio is inadequate, therefore, we may promote overall efficiency by the way of the improvement of scale efficiency.

Dissertation--Philosophische Fakultät--Münster, 1978. / Bibliogr. p. 263-295. Index.

A group of 35 loggers located across the southeastern United States provided 192 logger years of productivity and cost information. Information, including logger demographics, business, and operational data, was also collected through an interview process with the participants. Indicators of the overall economic health of the southeastern U.S. logging industry was determined by measuring technical efficiency, and by analyzing the demographic, organizational, business, productivity and cost information with a variety of quality control tools. Data Envelopment Analysis, a non-parametric statistical tool, was used to measure the technical efficiency associated with each logger year. Demographic information, including age, experience, and education, appeared to have only minimal impacts on contractor efficiency, indicating that business, operational, and environmental factors have greater influence on efficiency. Groups of observations with low proportions of total cost relating to equipment and consumables tended to have the highest median efficiency scores. Observations with lower median efficiency tended to have higher proportions of their costs associated with equipment and/or consumables. These trends indicate that efficiency, or operating in the area of least costs, is not necessarily in the best interest of the logging contractors or the wood supply system as a whole. These contractors are not in the process of building equity, which is important in order to maintain a productive supplier force. There was an upward trend in yearly production and costs during the period. Production and cost levels generally increased from 1990 through 1995, before dropping off in 1996. Yearly efficiency was cyclical, but appeared to be in a general state of decline for the period. The Wilcoxon signed rank test ruled that 1996 was statistically lower than the previous 6 years at the 90% confidence level. The efficiency decline was due in part to the inability of productivity increases to keep pace with inflation throughout the 1990's, influence of fixed costs, and the period of pulp an paper market oversupply in the mid 1990's. The relationship between efficiency and profitability was examined using marginal cost and revenue analysis. Profits were not collected as part of this study, therefore an arbitrary rate of $12 per ton was assumed. These analyses served to point out the approximate scale size associated with maximum efficiency and revenue. Efficiency is an important prerequisite of profitability, but when green tons of wood is considered the output of the process, the point of maximum efficiency is not always where efficiency is maximized. / Master of Science

Companies face new challenges almost every day. In order to stay competitive, it is important that companies strive for continuous development and improvement. By describing companies through their processes it is possible to get a clear overview of the entire operation, which can contribute, to a well-established overall understanding of the company. This is a case study based on Stort AB which is a small logistics company specialized in international transportation and logistics solutions. The purpose of this study is to perform value stream mapping in order to create a more efficient production process and propose possible improvements in order to reduce processing time. After performing value stream mapping, data envelopment analysis is used to calculate how lean Stort AB is today and how lean the company can become by implementing the proposed improvements. The results show that the production process can improve efficiency by minimizing waste produced by a bad workplace layout and over-processing. The authors suggested solution is to introduce standardized processes and invest in technical instruments in order to automate the process to reduce process time. According to data envelopment analysis the business is 41 percent lean at present and may soon become 55 percent lean and finally reach an optimum 100 percent lean mode if the process is automated. / Företag står idag inför ständigt nya utmaningar. För att behålla sin konkurrenskraft är det viktigt att företag ständigt utvecklas och förbättras. Att beskriva företag genom deras processer och kartlägga alla flöden som genomströmmar företaget så uppstår en tydlig överblick över hela verksamheten som bidrar till en bra helhetsförståelse av företaget. Denna studie baseras på en fallstudie hos Stort AB som är ett mindre logistikföretag med specialisering på internationella transporter och logistiklösningar. Syftet med studien är att utföra en värdeflödesanalys med mål att effektivisera pakethanteringen och föreslå möjliga förändringsalternativ hur Stort AB kan effektivisera den befintliga pakethanteringen med fokus på tidsreducering. Efter värdeflödesanalysen användes data envelopment analysis för att beräkna hur lean verksamheten är idag och hur lean verksamheten kan bli genom förbättringsförslagen. Resultaten visar att pakethanteringen kan effektiviseras genom att minimera slöseri i form av onödiga rörelser och överbearbetning, införa standardiserade processer och genom att investera i teknik för att automatisera processen. Enligt beräkningar är verksamheten 41 procent lean i nuläget och kan inom kort framtid bli 55 procent lean och slutligen nå ett optimalt 100 procentigt lean-läge om pakethanteringen automatiseras.

Αφορμή για την πραγματοποίηση της παρούσας εργασίας στάθηκε το ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον που παρουσιάζει ο τρόπος χάραξης διαφημιστικών στρατηγικών από τις διάφορες επιχειρήσεις ανά τον κόσμο και ιδιαίτερα σε μια χρονική συγκυρία σαν την παρούσα, όπου μετά την εμφάνιση της Παγκόσμιας κρίσης στα τέλη του 2008, ο ρόλος και ο τρόπος εμφάνισης της διαφήμισης έχει αλλάξει δραματικά. Στο παρελθόν αποτελούσαν συχνό φαινόμενο υπέρογκα ποσά που ξοδεύονταν για μεγάλες διαφημιστικές καμπάνιες, ειδικά σε κατηγορίες προϊόντων που χαρακτηρίζονταν ως πολυτελείας. Μας ενδιαφέρει, λοιπόν, σε ποιο βαθμό αυτή η πολιτική συνεχίζεται ακόμα και σήμερα που ο ανταγωνισμός σε όλα τα επίπεδα βρίσκεται στο ζενίθ και είναι ζωτικής σημασίας για τις σύγχρονες επιχειρήσεις να έχουν επιτυχημένες καμπάνιες, με όσο το δυνατόν μικρότερο προϋπολογισμό. Η υπευθυνότητα στη διαφήμιση, γίνεται πλέον ένα σημαντικό θέμα. Θα προσπαθήσουμε, λοιπόν, να εντοπίσουμε το βαθμό αποδοτικότητας των διαφημιστικών δαπανών μεγάλων αυτοκινητοβιομηχανιών της Ευρώπης, όπως αυτός αντικατοπτρίζεται στα έσοδα και το μερίδιο αγοράς τους με τη χρήση της Περιβάλλουσσας Ανάλυσης Δεδομένων DEA. / -