Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-06T13:03:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-27. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-10-06T13:19:00Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000847832_20160101.pdf: 795628 bytes, checksum: dc7ab7c34c4e568f8149aaff50b7139b (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2016-01-04T10:26:45Z: 000847832_20160101.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-01-04T10:28:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000847832.pdf: 1734370 bytes, checksum: d8de76a485cd8158f641035d73cd6bec (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Rimapenaeus constrictus apresenta ampla distribuição geográfica e os fatores ambientais que modulam o seu padrão de abundância e distribuição ainda são pouco entendidos. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram descrever os fatores ambientais atuantes sobre a região de Cananéia e compreender de maneira mais clara a influência da condição ambiental sobre a espécie R. constrictus. Os camarões foram obtidos a partir de coletas mensais na região de Cananéia, litoral sul do estado de São Paulo, de julho de 2012 a maio de 2014 com um barco camaroneiro equipado com redes do tipo double-rig, em isóbatas de 5 a 20 metros de profundidade. Os fatores ambientais foram obtidos na coluna d'água por meio de uma sonda Multiparâmetros e o sedimento com um pegador de Petersen. Foram coletados 1784 indivíduos distribuídos majoritariamente em salinidades acima de 30, em tipos de sedimento variáveis, desde silte + argila até areia grossa, em faixas de temperatura que variaram entre 17 e 29°C e nas menores concentrações de clorofila (até 14μg/L). Os fatores ambientais que mais influenciaram a distribuição da espécie foram salinidade e temperatura (Regressão Múltipla, p < 0,05). A abundância não diferiu entre as estações do ano, mas diferiu entre as estações amostrais (Tukey, p < 0,05). Cananéia apresentou-se como uma região dinâmica de características ambientais complexas. Rimapenaeus constrictus parece ser uma espécie bastante generalista em relação à escolha do substrato e, provavelmente, possui fisiologia do tipo euritermal e estenohalina, sendo a salinidade um fator considerado como limitante a sua distribuição / Rimapenaeus constrictus presents a wide geographical distribution and environmental factors that influence their abundance and distribution pattern are still poorly understood. The aims of the present study were describe the environmental factors acting in Cananeia region and understand more clearly the influence of the environmental conditions on the R. constrictus. The shrimps were collected from monthly samples in Cananéia region, South coast of São Paulo state, from July 2012 through May 2014 using a shrimp boat outfitted with double-rig nets, at isobaths in 5 to 20 feet deep. Environmental factors were obtained in the water column by a Multiparameters probe and the sediment by a Petersen grab. Were collected 1784 individuals mainly distributed in salinities higher than 30 and variable types of sediment, since silt + clay until very coarse sandy, in temperatures ranging between 17 and 29°C and in the lower clorophyll concentrations (up to 14μg/L). The environmental factors that influenced the distribution of the species were salinity and temperature (Multiple Regression, p < 0.05). The abundance did not differ among the seasons, but differed among stations (Tukey, p < 0.05). Cananéia was presented as a dynamic region of complex environmental characteristics. Rimapenaeus constrictus seems to be a very generalist species in the choice of substrate and probably it has physiology eurythermal and stenohaline, and salinity was considered as a limiting factor in its distribution / FAPESP: 2013/14174-0

The condition at settlement of the western rock lobster pueruli presumably reflects both their energetic condition in reaching the near shore and subsequent recruitment into adult populations. In recruiting to the near shore the pueruli swim across the continental shelf where oceanographic conditions are complex and likely influence the success of recruitment. The results from the biochemical studies are interpreted in light of the oceanography off the coast of Western Australia. I investigated the nutritional condition of larval phyllosomata, post-larval puerulus and first instar post-pueruli juveniles of the spiny lobster, Panulirus cygnus, to determine energy use during the non-feeding transitional puerulus stage. Biochemical analyses of lipid, fatty acid (FA) and protein revealed that lipid, in particular phospholipids, is primarily used for energy during the nonfeeding puerulus stage. Monounsaturated FA showed the greatest decline with development, whereas the polyunsaturated FA showed a high degree of sparing, suggesting these FA are not used as a substrate for energy production. The knowledge gained on the biochemistry of energy use in P. cygnus was then used to investigate the spatial and temporal variability in the nutritional condition, in particular lipid condition, of puerulus collected at three near shore locations (Alkimos, Jurien Bay and Dongara) along the Western Australia coast, and one offshore location (Houtman Abrolhos Islands). The one offshore location was chosen as I hypothesised that arriving pueruli are likely to be in a better state of nutrition than those arriving at more coastal locations where the potential journey from offshore larval feeding grounds to the near shore is considerably greater. This element of my research showed lipid levels to be inversely related, generally, to shelf width but were variable, suggesting pueruli may travel complex trajectories to reach nearshore settlement. The lipid and FA composition of pueruli was also consistent with spatial and seasonal variation in Leeuwin Current and coastal productivity regimes.

x, 53 leaves : ill., map ; 29 cm Notes Typescript Thesis (M.S.)--University of Oregon, 1986 Includes vita and abstract Bibliography: leaves 48-53 Another copy on microfilm is located in Archives

The spatial and temporal patterns in the population demographs and feeding ecology of the caridean shrimp, Palaemon peringueyi, was investigated over a 12 month period in the permanently open Kariega Estuary situated on the south-east coastline of South Africa. Shrimps were sampled monthly from three stations corresponding to the lower, middle and upper reaches of the Kariega Estuary. The shrimps were collected at the different stations using a pull net. Temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and % cover of submerged vegetation were measured at each sampling station. Finally, the feeding ecology of the shrimp was investigated employing stable carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) isotopes analysis. Temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and vegetation cover showed distinct seasonal patterns. The shrimps attained total abundances and biomass of between 0 and 245.6 individuals per m² (ind.m⁻²) and between 0 and 13.6 grams wet weight per m² (g wwt.m⁻²), respectively. Mean abundance ranged between 2.3 (± 3.0) and 88 (± 27.3) ind.m⁻² in the lower reach, between 0.9 (± 0.4) to 21.5 (± 4.5) ind.m⁻² in the middle reach and 0 to 1.6 (± 0.5) ind.m⁻² in the upper reach. Mean biomass ranged between 0.4 (± 0.5) and 4.4 (± 1.4) g wwt.m⁻² in the lower reach, between 0.1 (± 0) to 4.3 (± 0.9) g wwt.m⁻² in the middle reach and between 0 to 1.6 (± 0.5) g wwt.m⁻² in the upper reach. Greatest abundances and biomasses were recorded in winter following heavy rainfall within the catchment area. Freshwater inflow which is due to rainfall is thought to provide a cue for the recruitment of marine breeding organisms. The spatial patterns in the distribution of the shrimps showed that juveniles occupied the lower and middle reaches and adults the entire length of the estuary. There were no significant relationships between the abundance and biomass of the shrimps and the selected physico-chemical variables (p > 0.05 in all cases). Results of the stable isotope study indicated that the mean δ¹³C of the shrimps in the lower, middle and upper reaches were -12.4 (± 1.3) ‰, -15.6 (± 0.5) ‰ and -17.5 (± 0.5) ‰, respectively. The δ¹⁵N isotopes of the shrimps in the lower reach was 11.6 (± 0.5) ‰ with middle and upper reaches having similar δ¹⁵N values, 13.5 (± 0.4) ‰ and 13.4 (± 0.4) ‰, respectively. There was no significant difference in the δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N isotope (p > 0.05) between the sexes of the shrimps. Two-way ANOVA indicated a significant difference in the δ¹³C isotope of the shrimps between the sites (p < 0.05). The difference in the δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N ratios of the shrimps suggests spatial variability in the diet of P. peringueyi within the Kariega Estuary. The diet of the shrimps in the lower reach is primarily composed of Nanozostera capensis epibionts. In the middle reach the diet of the shrimps is likely comprised of the detritus of benthic algae. In the upper reach of the estuary, P. peringueyi likely derives its carbon from a combination of epibionts, benthic algae and detritus derived from Codium.

The role of the sandprawn, Callichirus (=Callianassa) kraussi (Stebbing), as an ecosystem engineer was assessed in the lower reach of the temporarily open/closed Kasouga Estuary situated along the Eastern Cape coastline of southern Africa over the period April 2010 to June 2011. The study comprised two distinct components, a field study and a caging experiment. The field study assessed the correlation between sand prawn densities and selected physico-chemical (organic content of the sediment and bioturbation) and biological (microphytobenthic algal concentrations and macrobenthic abundance and biomass) variables in 50 quadrants in the lower reach of the estuary. Densities of the sand prawn within the quadrants ranged from 0 to 156 ind m⁻² (mean = 37 ind m⁻²). There were no significant correlations between the densities of the sandprawn and the estimates of the organic content of the sediment and the abundance and biomass of the macrofauna (P > 0.05 in all cases). Numerical analyses failed to identify any effect of the sandprawn density on the macrofaunal community structure. The rate of bioturbation was, however, strongly correlated to the sand prawn density. Similarly, the microphytobenthic alga concentrations were significantly negatively correlated to the sand prawn densities ((P < 0.05). The absence of any distinct impact of the sandprawn on the macrobenthic community structure appeared to be related to their low densities in the lower reach of the estuary during the study. To better understand the role of the sandprawn as an ecosystem engineer, a caging experiment was conducted using inclusion and exclusion treatments (n= 5 for each treatment). Densities of the sandprawn in the inclusion treatments (80 ind m⁻²) were in the range of the natural densities within the estuary. The experiment was conducted over a period of 18 weeks in the lower reach of the estuary during summer. The presence of the sandprawn, C kraussi, contributed to a significant decrease in the microphytobenthic algal concentrations and the abundance and biomass of the macrofauna (P < 0.05 in all cases). The decrease in the microphytobenthic algal concentrations in the presence of the sandprawn appeared to be related to the res-suspension of the sediments (bioturbation) generated by the burrowing and feeding activities of the sandprawn. The observed decrease in macrofaunal abundances and biomass in the inclusion treatments appeared to be mediated by both the decreased food availability (mainly the microphytobenthic algae) and the burial of organisms within the sediments. Numerical analysis indicated that the sandprawn did, however, not contribute to a change in the species composition of the macrofauna. Results of the current study indicate that C.kraussi plays an important role in structuring the invertebrate community and energy flow within temporarily/open closed Kasouga Estuary.