Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T12:20:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Julia Karla de Albuquerque Melo.pdf: 1065457 bytes, checksum: 2bc32eb7c7deb102d919fe9a1f25acec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The use of UASB reactors for the treatment of domestic sewage is considered a consolidated technology, however, even with relatively large removal efficiency of organic matter, rarely attending several other parameters established by environmental agencies. The research investigated the performance of the posttreatment of UASB reactor effluent in anaerobic filter (FAN) and sand filter of intermittent flow (FaFint), with the purpose of evaluate the removal of organic matter, suspended solids, pathogenic organisms and keep the forms of nitrogen, in order to obtain an effluent for agricultural reuse. The experimental system consisted of a UASB reactor followed by anaerobic filter and sand filter of intermittent flow. The experimental system was operated with average daily flow of sewage of 630 L/day. For the FaFint feeding occurred through a siphon, that operated for 3 cycles with daily flow of 105 L/cycle. The average removal of the UASB reactor was 63% of COD gross, with final removal of COD gross in the effluent end of the FAN and FaFint of 80 and 86%, respectively. The removal of total suspended solids and volatile was 88% in the final effluent of FAN. While the FaFint removed 90 and 91% of total suspended solids and volatile, respectively. Satisfactory nitrification was obtained on the FaFint, producing the final effluent with 34 mgN-NO3.L-1 and 8 mgNTK.L-1 and 99,5% of removal helminth eggs. The experimental systems studied showed satisfactory efficiency in removing organic matter, solids in suspension, being, thus, adaptive systems to small communities, can enable the reuse of effluents in agriculture. / O uso de reatores UASB para o tratamento de efluentes domésticos é considerado uma tecnologia consolidada, no entanto, mesmo apresentando eficiência de remoção relativamente considerável em matéria orgânica, raramente atende a diversos outros parâmetros estabelecidos pela legislação ambiental. A presente pesquisa investigou o desempenho do pós-tratamento de efluente de reator UASB em filtro anaeróbio (FAN) e filtro de areia de fluxo intermitente (FaFint), com a finalidade de avaliar a remoção de matéria orgânica, sólidos em suspensão, organismos patógenos e manter as formas de nitrogênio, com intuito de obter um efluente para o reúso agrícola. O sistema experimental foi constituído de um reator UASB seguido de filtro anaeróbio e filtro de areia de fluxo intermitente. O sistema experimental foi operado com vazão média diária de esgoto doméstico de 630 L/dia. Para o FaFint a alimentação ocorreu por meio de um sifão, que funcionou por 3 ciclos diários com vazão de 105 L/ciclo. A remoção média do reator UASB foi de 63% de DQO bruta, com remoção final de DQO bruta no efluente final do FAN e FaFint de 80 e 86%, respectivamente. A remoção de sólidos suspensos totais e voláteis foi de 88% no efluente final do FAN. Enquanto o FaFint removeu 90 e 91% de sólidos suspensos totais e voláteis, respectivamente. Satisfatória nitrificação foi conseguida no FaFint, produzindo efluente final com 34 mgN-NO3.L-1 e 8 mgNNTK.L-1 e 99,5% de remoção de ovos de helmintos. Os sistemas experimentais estudados apresentaram eficiência satisfatória na remoção de matéria orgânica, sólidos em suspensão, sendo, portanto, sistemas adaptáveis a pequenas comunidades, podendo possibilitar o reúso do efluente na agricultura.

O modelo econômico extrair, transformar, descartar da atualidade está atingindo seus limites físicos. Confrontando-se com questões de disponibilidade de recursos A economia circular é uma alternativa atraente que busca redefinir a noção de crescimento, com foco em benefícios para toda a sociedade. Dentro dessa nova visão, conceitos de tratamentos descentralizados e sustentáveis de saneamento que concentram-se no tratamento e na reciclagem dos recursos presentes nas águas residuais domésticas são considerados. Assim, a partir de uma água residuária é possível obter três recursos principais: a bioenergia, nutrientes e água. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo principal avaliar a produção de um efluente propício ao reúso não potável, a partir de água negra. A água negra foi tratada anaerobiamente (reator UASB) para remoção de matéria orgânica, seguindo para um fotobiorreator para remoção de nutrientes, com consequente separação da biomassa algal por flotação por ar dissolvido. Neste ponto foi avaliada a absorção de nutrientes pelas microalgas e o crescimento de sua biomassa. Após a flotação, o efluente foi desinfetado, avaliada assim, a inativação de coliformes totais e Escherichia coli, bem como de Giardia spp. e Cryptosporidium spp. no sistema de tratamento. O reator UASB manteve níveis elevados de remoção de matéria orgânica (DQO), com remoções de 70%. Apresentando uma média de remoção de Escherichia coli e coliformes fecais entre 1 e 3 log. Para protozoários essa remoção foi entre 0,5 e 1,5 log. O fotobiorreator, obteve satisfatório crescimento da biomassa, sem controle de temperaturas ou suplementação de CO2, apresentou também remoção/inativação de Escherichia coli e coliformes totais, com valores entre 0,50 a quase 3,0 log, apresentando de modo geral maior remoção/inativação para Escherichia coli. Foi observado remoção de protozoários e coliformes pela flotação por ar dissolvido, acarretando uma maior concentração destes na biomassa removida. O melhor desinfetante individual foi o cloro, em razão da inativação. No entanto, o ozônio foi o que melhor obteve remoção (oxidação) de matéria orgânica. Em relação aos desinfetantes aplicados de modo sequencial ou simultâneos, foi observado que a melhor inativação foi promovida pelo ensaio sequencial com ozônio e cloro, com inativação de até 3,10 e 3,38 log para Escherichia coli e coliformes totais, respectivamente. Com efeito sinérgico em relação a aplicação individual destes desinfetantes. Recomenda-se o uso do sistema para o tratamento descentralizado, principalmente em pequenas comunidades e em áreas rurais. / The current economic \"extract, transform, discard\" model is reaching its physical limits. Confronting with issues of resource availability Circular economics is an attractive alternative that seeks to redefine the notion of growth, with a focus on benefits for the whole society. Within this new vision, concepts of decentralized and sustainable sanitation treatments that focus on the treatment and recycling of resources present in domestic wastewater are considered. Thus, from a wastewater it is possible to obtain three main resources: bioenergy, nutrients and water. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the production of an effluent conducive to non-potable reuse from black water. The black water was treated anaerobically (UASB reactor) to remove organic matter, followed by a photobioreactor to remove nutrients, with consequent separation of the algal biomass by dissolved air flotation. At this point, the nutrient uptake by microalgae and the growth of their biomass were evaluated. After flotation, the effluent was disinfected, thus evaluating the inactivation of total coliforms and Escherichia coli, as well as Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in the treatment system. The UASB reactor maintained high levels of organic matter removal (COD), with removals of 70%. Presents an average removal of Escherichia coli and faecal coliforms between 1 and 3 log. For protozoa this removal was between 0.5 and 1.5 log. The photobioreactor, obtained satisfactory biomass growth, without temperature control or CO2 supplementation, also showed removal/inactivation of Escherichia coli and total coliforms, with values ranging from 0.50 to almost 3.0 log, generally presenting greater removal inactivation for Escherichia coli. Removal of protozoa and coliforms by flotation by dissolved air was observed, leading to a higher concentration of these in the biomass removed. The best individual disinfectant was chlorine, due to inactivation. However, ozone was the one that best obtained removal (oxidation) of organic matter. Regarding disinfectants applied sequentially or simultaneously, it was observed that the best inactivation was promoted by the sequential test with ozone and chlorine, with inactivation of up to 3.10 and 3.38 log for Escherichia coli and total coliforms, respectively. With synergistic effect in relation to the individual application of these disinfectants. It is recommended to use the system for decentralized treatment, especially in small communities and in rural areas.

Submitted by Marcia Silva (marcia@latec.uff.br) on 2016-06-13T20:07:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Marcelo Neves Torreão.pdf: 2868734 bytes, checksum: 1defccd8f539b6bfc88dd463c25be179 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-13T20:07:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Marcelo Neves Torreão.pdf: 2868734 bytes, checksum: 1defccd8f539b6bfc88dd463c25be179 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-15 / A inovação tem se mostrado como um processo extremamente importante à sobrevivência e desenvolvimento de empresas e regiões, entretanto, diversas pesquisas apontam para dificuldades encontradas pelas empresas, independente de seu porte, em manter seu mercado ou desenvolver atividades de inovação. Estas dificuldades podem ser de ordem financeira, técnica, aversão ao risco ou falta de pessoal qualificado. Outros elementos como a rede de relacionamentos do empreendedor, os códigos e narrativas compartilhadas, bem como os níveis de confiança presentes entre os diversos atores que interagem em um ecossistema interferem na dinâmica do processo de inovação das empresas. O Programa Tecnova, a partir da transferência de recursos de subvenção econômica, busca suprir uma lacuna relacionada ao risco de investimento no processo de inovação. Durante as fases de seleção, avaliação, contratação e acompanhamento dos projetos submetidos ao Programa Tecnova são solicitadas informações pelos parceiros estaduais da FINEP tanto dos projetos quanto das empresas beneficiadas pela subvenção econômica. Esse conjunto de informações é a base, em primeiro momento, do processo decisório que define se a empresa terá ou não o seu projeto apoiado e em seguida integram o acompanhamento da evolução do projeto, da empresa e do próprio programa. Este trabalho parte da identificação dos atores de primeiro grau que operam o Programa Tecnova no nível nacional, avalia com maior profundidade os resultados obtidos pelo primeiro parceiro a efetuar as contratações com as empresas selecionadas e busca entender de que forma o capital social interfere na dinâmica do processo de inovação do empreendedor que recebeu tais recursos, agregando, dessa forma, maior conhecimento acerca da dinâmica do processo de inovação no nível local. Tem por base revisão bibliográfica, documental e de campo, bem como a realização de estudo de caso múltiplo com foco na avaliação do capital social de micro e pequenas empresas, tomadoras de recursos de subvenção econômica operada de forma descentralizada. Como resultado da pesquisa foi possível observar que: • Capital social, Aprendizagem Organizacional e Capacitação Tecnológica influenciam positivamente o desenvolvimento do Programa Tecnova; • O capital social é relevante para o parceiro que opera o programa, uma vez que a performance de suas ações são influenciadas pela interação com diversos atores do Sistema Regional de Inovação, como SEBRAE Estadual, Incubadoras, Associações, dentre outras entidades ou representações de classe, bem como para as empresas que se beneficiaram do programa, visto que contam com acesso a recursos e informações, além de resultados internos que são influenciados também pelo capital social em suas perspectivas estrutural, relacional e cognitiva; • O processo de seleção conduzido pela FAPEG teve com resultado a contratação de empresas que apresentavam nível de maturidade em aprendizagem organizacional/capital social e capacidades tecnológicas satisfatório; • A empresa com nível de maturidade em aprendizagem organizacional/capital social e capacidades foi a que necessitou de menos recursos para o desenvolvimento do projeto. / Innovation has been shown to be extremely important to the survival and development of enterprises and regions process, however, several studies point to difficulties encountered by enterprises, regardless of size, to maintain its market or develop innovation activities. These difficulties may be financial, technical, risk aversion and lack of qualified personnel. Other elements such as network entrepreneur relationships, shared codes and narratives, as well as the confidence levels present among the different actors that interact in an ecosystem interfere with the dynamics of the corporate innovation process. The Tecnova program from the transfer of economic support funds, seeks to fill a gap related to the risk of investment in the innovation process. During the phases of selection, evaluation, contracting and monitoring of projects submitted to Tecnova Program information is requested by state partners FINEP both projects as companies benefited from a subsidy. This set of information is the basis, in the first instance, the decision-making process that determines whether or not the company will have supported your project, and then integrate the monitoring of the evolution of the project, the company and the program itself. This work of the identification of the first degree of actors who operate the Tecnova program at the national level, assesses in greater detail the results of the first partner to perform the contracts with the selected companies and seeks to understand how the social capital affects the dynamics of Entrepreneur of the innovation process that received such funds, adding thus more knowledge about the dynamics of the innovation process at the local level. It is based on literature review, document and field as well as conducting multiple case study focused on the evaluation of the capital to micro and small companies, makers of economic support funds operated in a decentralized manner. As a result of research it was observed that: • Social Capital, Organizational Learning and Technology Skills positively influence the development of Tecnova Program; • Social Capital is relevant to the partner who operates the program, since the performance of his actions are influenced by the interaction with different actors of the Regional Innovation System as State SEBRAE, Incubators, Associations, among other entities or class of representations as well as for companies that have benefited from the program, as they have access to resources and information, as well as internal results are also influenced by social capital in their structural, relational and cognitive perspectives; • The selection process conducted by FAPEG result had with hiring companies that presented level of maturity in organizational learning / social capital and satisfying technological capabilities; • The company with Maturity on organizational learning / social capital and skills was needed fewer resources for project development.

This project is aimed at making comparison between current existing Internet- of-Things (IoT) platforms, SensibleThings (ST) and Global Sensors Networks (GSN). Project can be served as a further work of platforms’ investigation. Comparing and learning from each other aim to contribute to the improvement of future platforms development. Detailed comparison is mainly with the respect of platform feature, communication and data present-frequency performance under stress, and platform node scalability performance on one limited device. Study is conducted through developing applications on each platform, and making measuring performance under the same condition in household network environment. So far, all these respects have had results and been concluded. Qualitatively comparing, GSN performs better in the facets of node’s swift development and deployment, data management, node subscription and connection retry mechanism. Whereas, ST is superior in respects of network package encryption, platform reliability, session initializing latency, and degree of developing freedom. In quantitative comparison, nodes on GSN has better data push pressure resistence while ST nodes works with lower session latency. In terms of data present-frequency, ST node can reach higher updating frequency than GSN node. In the aspect of node sclability on one limited device, ST nodes take the advantage in averagely lower latency than GSN node when nodes number is less than 15 on limited device. But due to sharing mechanism of GSN, on one limited device, it's nodes shows more scalable if platform nodes have similar job.

Abstract The use of agent systems has increased enormously, especially in the field of mobile services. Intelligent services have also increased rapidly in the web. In this thesis, the utilization of software agent technology in mobile services and decentralized intelligent services in the multimedia business is introduced and described. Both Genie Agent Architecture (GAA) and Decentralized International and Intelligent Software Architecture (DIISA) are described. The common problems in decentralized software systems are lack of intelligence, communication of software modules and system learning. Another problem is the personalization of users and services. A third problem is the matching of users and service characteristics in web application level in a non-linear way. In this case it means that web services follow human steps and are capable of learning from human inputs and their characteristics in an intelligent way. This third problem is addressed in this thesis and solutions are presented with two intelligent software architectures and services. The solutions of the thesis are based on a combination of neural network and agent technology. To be more specific, solutions are based on an intelligent agent which uses certain black box information like Self-Organized Map (SOM). This process is as follows; information agents collect information from different sources like the web, databases, users, other software agents and the environment. Information is filtered and adapted for input vectors. Maps are created from a data entry of an SOM. Using maps is very simple, input forms are completed by users (automatically or manually) or user agents. Input vectors are formed again and sent to a certain map. The map gives several outputs which are passed through specific algorithms. This information is passed to an intelligent agent. The needs for web intelligence and knowledge representation serving users is a current issue in many business solutions. The main goal is to enable this by means of autonomous agents which communicate with each other using an agent communication language and with users using their native languages via several communication channels.

A central challenge of the twenty-first century is to transition to a low-carbon energy system to reduce the risks of climate change. For Pima County, Arizona, where electricity accounts for the majority of greenhouse gas emissions, this requires rapid deployment of grid-tied renewable energy resources. In light of this challenge, photovoltaic solar has emerged as an important solution, providing the top source of new US electric generating capacity installed in 2016. However, there is still no consensus about the optimal scale for solar (centralized power plants, or small, decentralized systems) and the socio-economic implications for low income households. This thesis explores the implications of rooftop solar for energy justice through empirical research about a southern Arizona electric utility rate case. Utilities argue that existing rate structures shift costs from solar owners to lower-income ratepayers, while critics say the utility's proposed rate changes are unjust and that rooftop solar benefits all ratepayers. Drawing on my empirical data and an urban political ecology (UPE) approach, I analyze competing narratives that speak to three types of justice: distributive, procedural, and recognition. While dominant justice claims revolve around the distribution of costs through rates, competing narratives emphasize procedural and recognition (in)justice. Focusing on political economy, power relations, and the materiality of the grid, I reframe the utility’s cost shift argument as a strategic narrative and explain why this justice claim is ultimately validated. I propose that UPE can further an energy justice analysis by understanding procedural and recognition injustice as systemic products of rate of return regulation and the material configuration of the electric grid.

Avec la complexité croissante des systèmes dynamiques qui apparaissent dans l'ingénierie et d'autres domaines de la science, l'étude des systèmes de grande taille composés d'un ensemble de sous-systèmes interconnectés est devenue un important sujet d'attention dans différents domaines, tels que la robotique, les réseaux de transports, les grandes structures spatiales (panneaux solaires, antennes, télescopes,...), les bâtiments,… et a conduit à des problèmes intéressants d'analyse d'identification paramétrique, de contrôle distribué et d'optimisation. L'absence d'une définition universelle et reconnue des systèmes qu'on appelle "grands systèmes", "systèmes complexes", "systèmes interconnectés",..., témoigne de la confusion entre ces différents concepts et la difficulté de définir des limites précises pour tels systèmes. L'analyse de l'identifiabilité et de l'identification de ces systèmes nécessite le traitement de modèles numériques de grande taille, la gestion de dynamiques diverses au sein du même système et la prise en compte de contraintes structurelles (des interconnections,...). Ceci est très compliqué et très délicat à manipuler. Ainsi, ces analyses sont rarement prises en considération globalement. La simplification du problème par décomposition du grand système en sous-problèmes de complexité réduite est souvent la seule solution possible, conduisant l'automaticien à exploiter clairement la structure du système.Cette thèse présente ainsi, une approche décentralisée d'identification des systèmes de grande taille "large scale systems" composés d'un ensemble de sous-systèmes interconnectés. Cette approche est basée sur les propriétés structurelles (commandabilité, observabilité et identifiabilité) du grand système. Cette approche à caractère méthodologique est mise en œuvre sur des applications thermiques des bâtiments. L'intérêt de cette approche est montré à travers des comparaisons avec une approche globale. / With the increasing complexity of dynamical systems that appear in engineering and other fields of science, the study of large systems consisting of a set of interconnected subsystems has become an important subject of attention in various areas such as robotics, transport networks, large spacial structures (solar panels, antennas, telescopes, \ldots), buildings, … and led to interesting problems of parametric identification analysis, distributed control and optimization. The lack of a universal definition of systems called "large systems", "complex systems", "interconnected systems", ..., demonstrates the confusion between these concepts and the difficulty of defining clear boundaries for such systems. The analysis of the identifiability and identification of these systems requires processing digital models of large scale, the management of diverse dynamics within the same system and the consideration of structural constraints (interconnections, ...) . This is very complicated and very difficult to handle. Thus, these analyzes are rarely taken into consideration globally. Simplifying the problem by decomposing the large system to sub-problems is often the only possible solution. This thesis presents a decentralized approach for the identification of "large scale systems" composed of a set of interconnected subsystems. This approach is based on the structural properties (controllability, observability and identifiability) of the global system. This methodological approach is implemented on thermal applications of buildings. The advantage of this approach is demonstrated through comparisons with a global approach.

For decades, mainstream domestic wastewater treatment has relied on activated sludge processes to remove organic matter, and on biological nutrient removal systems like the A2/O process to remove nutrients. Recently, membrane filtration was also added to the realm of possible technologies for domestic wastewater treatment, with aerobic membrane bioreactors (MBRs) becoming increasingly popular, especially for decentralized, and small to medium scale applications. However, the aerobic activated sludge and MBR processes, which are often combined with biological nutrient removal processes, have high energy costs associated with supplying oxygen to the process, and end up converting the organic matter into CO2 and high amounts of microbial biomass, instead of more useful byproducts. In order to remedy the aforementioned shortcomings of the aerobic processes, anaerobic wastewater treatment has been a focus of research, with anaerobic baffled reactors (ABRs) and anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) having shown promise for achieving acceptable organic matter removal performance, along with potential to be energy neutral or positive through biogas production. In addition, phototrophic technologies, such as algal photobioreactors, have recently been shown to be able to remove nutrients from waste streams, while at the same time having the potential to be used as feedstock to produce biofuels. In this dissertation, a novel concentrically-baffled reactor (CBR) was designed that has the potential to reduce heat loss by transfering more of the heat between reactor zones than traditional baffled reactor designs, which will increase energy efficiency for heated systems. A prototype CBR was operated abiotically under varying hydraulic retention times (HRTs) from 4 h to 24 h, and achieved over 90% removal of total suspended solids (TSS) for all HRTs tested with feed particle sizes below 1.7 mm. In parallel with the baffled reactor research, phototrophic membrane bioreactors (PMBRs) were tested with low aeration conditions to decrease their energy demand, which resulted in nitrification-dominated systems. A phototrophic technology was developed for increasing the pH of waste streams to potentially aid pH-sensitive nutrient recovery processes. Phototrophic pH increase from 6.42±0.13 to 8.87±0.06 was achieved using batch reactors, and an increase of pH from 6.73 to 8.61 was recorded during a continuous reactor trial. Finally, the CBR was combined with a post-CBR membrane filtration process, and two PMBRs treating the effluent and permeate streams from the CBR in order to achieve complete organic matter and nutrient removal. The combined systems were tested both for high strength-high HRT and low strength-low HRT scenarios. Using the combined CBR-PMBR system, over 90% TN and TP removal were possible for 10 d HRT operation at high-strength feed conditions, with post-CBR membrane filtration. COD removal over 90% was possible for both high-strength and low-strength scenarios under all conditions tested.

Decentralization leads to functional and financial devolution of authority, induces more transparency in the system and puts emphasis on local needs. It creates platforms to voice and institutionalize the interests of various groups, and comes nearer to the public by making all tiers of government accountable directly to the people. However, several complexities govern this effort in India. First, implementation involves several official agencies, creating administrative gaps, lack of coordination and fiscal complexities. Second, Indian society is largely agrarian and rural marked by divisions of religion, caste and economic class. Third, the socially vulnerable and poor are often trapped in interlocking economic transactions with affluent landlords making it difficult for them to go for collective change. This research critically evaluates these dynamics taking the case example of the Mahatma Gandhi Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGREGS). We followed a threefold methodology in order to understand the policy dynamics, namely, stakeholders’ interviews, primary survey data analysis and secondary data analysis. Case studies were useful in understanding policy implementation dynamics through field observations. The multi-level regression results reflected co-existence of agriculture and MGREGS dynamics, with their own rules and objectives, apparently contradictory, but leading to social and economic equilibrium. Searching explanations for these contradictory results led us to two larger understandings: 1) Actors are seen to take rational decisions based on local socio-politico-economic understandings of the world. 2) These decisions are, however, at multiple levels and at multiple action spaces. Institutional rational choice perspective proposed by Ostrom (1999) corroborated these findings. Latent variable path analysis results indicated the dynamics of civil society and administrative bureaucracy as a negotiated equilibrium that has the potential to transform governance. The process of institutional evolution was through endogenous institutional change process as proposed by Grief and Laitin (2004). Furthermore, the effect of socio-structural factors on institutional structures was observed. The results indicated two major understandings: 1) the formation and effectiveness of institutional structures were dependent on social capital and in turn on social structures and networks 2) the influence of formal institutional structures on local governance and social dynamics affect the governance network formation (Hertting, 2001). Scenario-wise regression analyses results revealed that the effort to improve social capital of the groups through governance procedures need to be mediated through ‘local’ social structures. Agent based model results indicated the following: 1) regulatory dynamics need not necessarily follow the trend of socio-economic dynamics. Instead, they were in line with advocacy dynamics (Sabatier, 1988), which in turn depend on the social structures and networks. 2) regulatory strategies were endogenous institutional rational choices, given the existing socio-economic structures and networks of the society. Hence, Institutional theories were observed to be instrumental in understanding the policy implementation dynamics in democratic decentralization setup.

This thesis aims to completely map the problem of new forms of money, called cryptocurrency. It explains the economic principles of functioning these decentralized currencies, particularly emitting (the mining), amount of fees and functioning of the payment system. The work is focused on the currency Bitcoin, for which it describes in detail its origin and development, possibility of simultaneous use (in many examples) as well as possible future scenarios of these currencies. In conclusion, the work describes role of Bitcoin in the current banking system and risks of the Bitcoin.