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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A PROTOTYPE POPULATION DYNAMICS MODEL FOR WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT.

BURKE, MARSHALL DONNELLY. January 1986 (has links)
MAYA is a prototype computerized population dynamics model designed to enhance decision making in wildlife management. Initially, the basis of scientific and philosophical design and implementation of enhanced computer modeling are discussed. This discussion forms the foundation for the development of the actual model. The model is a general population model, utilizing previously known data on seasonally migratory mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) as both an example and a test of the model's capabilities. By combining detailed sub-models at the single species level, the behavior of a larger system is mimicked. The mathematical parameters of this system are restricted to those which correspond to known biological processes. Feedback control is utilized to regulate the dynamic interplay of processes related to specific recognizable structures or physiological functions. The model maintains the identity of the individual organism as the mediator of all transactions within the system. The primary focus of these transactions is energy; specifically consumer energy budgets and their mechanisms of regulation. Equations are presented in finite difference form for digital computer implementation, utilizing a time step of unit length. The result is a Fortran program, MAYA, and a description and discussion of a number of simulation trials. This model was created with an eye not only for computer simulation, but also to raise issues, both philosophic and scientific, as to the reason for, and purpose of, computer management in our society. Thus, it is not until Chapter 4 that an actual discussion of MAYA is to be found. Logic dictates that one should understand the philosophic and theoretic approach of the person creating a model to best understand, question and, hopefully, improve upon the final product. These issues are discussed in Chapters 1 and 2. The greatest value of this model is to provide, based on the ensuing sets of assumptions in Chapter 3, the logical consequences that would otherwise take a great deal of tedious arithmetic--it is a tool to assist the imagination.
2

A study of seasonal movements of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus couesi) in the Cave Creek Basin of the Chiricahua Mountains

Welch, Joseph Michael, 1931- January 1960 (has links)
No description available.
3

Modelos semiparamétricos de fração de cura para dados com censura intervalar / Semiparametric cure rate models for interval censored data

Costa, Julio Cezar Brettas da 18 February 2016 (has links)
Modelos de fração de cura compõem uma vasta subárea da análise de sobrevivência, apresentando grande aplicabilidade em estudos médicos. O uso deste tipo de modelo é adequado em situações tais que o pesquisador reconhece a existência de uma parcela da população não suscetível ao evento de interesse, consequentemente considerando a probabilidade de que o evento não ocorra. Embora a teoria encontre-se consolidada tratando-se de censuras à direita, a literatura de modelos de fração de cura carece de estudos que contemplem a estrutura de censura intervalar, incentivando os estudos apresentados neste trabalho. Três modelos semiparamétricos de fração de cura para este tipo de censura são aqui considerados para aplicações em conjuntos de dados reais e estudados por meio de simulações. O primeiro modelo, apresentado por Liu e Shen (2009), trata-se de um modelo de tempo de promoção com estimação baseada em uma variação do algoritmo EM e faz uso de técnicas de otimização convexa em seu processo de maximização. O modelo proposto por Lam et al. (2013) considera um modelo semiparamétrico de Cox, modelando a fração de cura da população através de um efeito aleatório com distribuição Poisson composta, utilizando métodos de aumento de dados em conjunto com estimadores de máxima verossimilhança. Em Xiang et al. (2011), um modelo de mistura padrão é proposto adotando um modelo logístico para explicar a incidência e fazendo uso da estrutura de riscos proporcionais para os efeitos sobre o tempo. Os dois últimos modelos mencionados possuem extensões para dados agrupados, utilizadas nas aplicações deste trabalho. Uma das principais motivações desta dissertação consiste em um estudo conduzido por pesquisadores da Fundação Pró-Sangue, em São Paulo - SP, cujo interesse reside em avaliar o tempo até a ocorrência de anemia em doadores de repetição por meio de avaliações periódicas do hematócrito, medido em cada visita ao hemocentro. A existência de uma parcela de doadores não suscetíveis à doença torna conveniente o uso dos modelos estudados. O segundo conjunto de dados analisado trata-se de um conjunto de observações periódicas de cervos de cauda branca equipados com rádiocolares. Tem-se como objetivo a avaliação do comportamento migratório dos animais no inverno para determinadas condições climáticas e geográficas, contemplando a possibilidade de os cervos não migrarem. Um estudo comparativo entre os modelos propostos é realizado por meio de simulações, a fim de avaliar a robustez ao assumir-se determinadas especificações de cenário e fração de cura. Até onde sabemos, nenhum trabalho comparando os diferentes mecanismos de cura na presença de censura intervalar foi realizado até o presente momento. / Cure rate models define an vast sub-area of the survival analysis, presenting great applicability in medical studies. The use of this type of model is suitable in situations such that the researcher recognizes the existence of an non-susceptible part of the population to the event of interest, considering then the probability that such a event does not occur. Although the theory finds itself consolidated when considering right censoring, the literature of cure rate models lacks of interval censoring studies, encouraging then the studies presented in this work. Three semiparametric cure rate models for this type of censoring are considered here for real data analysis and then studied by means of simulations. The first model, presented by Liu e Shen (2009), refers to a promotion time model with its estimation based on an EM algorithm variation and using convex optimization techniques for the maximization process. The model proposed by Lam et al. (2013) considers a Cox semiparametric model, modelling then the population cure fraction by an frailty distributed as an compound Poisson, used jointly with data augmentation methods and maximum likelihood estimators. In Xiang et al. (2011), an standard mixture cure rate model is proposed adopting an logistic model for explaining incidence and using proportional hazards structure for the effects over the time to event. The two last mentioned models have extensions for clustered data analysis and are used on the examples of applications of this work. One of the main motivations of this dissertation consists on a study conducted by researches of Fundação Pró-Sangue, in São Paulo - SP, whose interest resides on evaluating the time until anaemia, occurring to recurrent donors, detected through periodic evaluations of the hematocrit, measured on each visit to the blood center. The existence of a non-susceptible portion of donors turns the use of the cure rate models convenient. The second analysed dataset consists on an set of periodic observations of radio collar equipped white tail deers. The goal here is the evaluation of when these animals migrate in the winter for specic weather and geographic conditions, contemplating the possibility that deer could not migrate. A comparative study among the proposed models is realized using simulations, in order to assess the robustness when assuming determined specifications about scenario and cure fraction. As far as we know, no work has been done comparing different cure mechanisms in the presence of interval censoring data until the present moment.
4

Modelos semiparamétricos de fração de cura para dados com censura intervalar / Semiparametric cure rate models for interval censored data

Julio Cezar Brettas da Costa 18 February 2016 (has links)
Modelos de fração de cura compõem uma vasta subárea da análise de sobrevivência, apresentando grande aplicabilidade em estudos médicos. O uso deste tipo de modelo é adequado em situações tais que o pesquisador reconhece a existência de uma parcela da população não suscetível ao evento de interesse, consequentemente considerando a probabilidade de que o evento não ocorra. Embora a teoria encontre-se consolidada tratando-se de censuras à direita, a literatura de modelos de fração de cura carece de estudos que contemplem a estrutura de censura intervalar, incentivando os estudos apresentados neste trabalho. Três modelos semiparamétricos de fração de cura para este tipo de censura são aqui considerados para aplicações em conjuntos de dados reais e estudados por meio de simulações. O primeiro modelo, apresentado por Liu e Shen (2009), trata-se de um modelo de tempo de promoção com estimação baseada em uma variação do algoritmo EM e faz uso de técnicas de otimização convexa em seu processo de maximização. O modelo proposto por Lam et al. (2013) considera um modelo semiparamétrico de Cox, modelando a fração de cura da população através de um efeito aleatório com distribuição Poisson composta, utilizando métodos de aumento de dados em conjunto com estimadores de máxima verossimilhança. Em Xiang et al. (2011), um modelo de mistura padrão é proposto adotando um modelo logístico para explicar a incidência e fazendo uso da estrutura de riscos proporcionais para os efeitos sobre o tempo. Os dois últimos modelos mencionados possuem extensões para dados agrupados, utilizadas nas aplicações deste trabalho. Uma das principais motivações desta dissertação consiste em um estudo conduzido por pesquisadores da Fundação Pró-Sangue, em São Paulo - SP, cujo interesse reside em avaliar o tempo até a ocorrência de anemia em doadores de repetição por meio de avaliações periódicas do hematócrito, medido em cada visita ao hemocentro. A existência de uma parcela de doadores não suscetíveis à doença torna conveniente o uso dos modelos estudados. O segundo conjunto de dados analisado trata-se de um conjunto de observações periódicas de cervos de cauda branca equipados com rádiocolares. Tem-se como objetivo a avaliação do comportamento migratório dos animais no inverno para determinadas condições climáticas e geográficas, contemplando a possibilidade de os cervos não migrarem. Um estudo comparativo entre os modelos propostos é realizado por meio de simulações, a fim de avaliar a robustez ao assumir-se determinadas especificações de cenário e fração de cura. Até onde sabemos, nenhum trabalho comparando os diferentes mecanismos de cura na presença de censura intervalar foi realizado até o presente momento. / Cure rate models define an vast sub-area of the survival analysis, presenting great applicability in medical studies. The use of this type of model is suitable in situations such that the researcher recognizes the existence of an non-susceptible part of the population to the event of interest, considering then the probability that such a event does not occur. Although the theory finds itself consolidated when considering right censoring, the literature of cure rate models lacks of interval censoring studies, encouraging then the studies presented in this work. Three semiparametric cure rate models for this type of censoring are considered here for real data analysis and then studied by means of simulations. The first model, presented by Liu e Shen (2009), refers to a promotion time model with its estimation based on an EM algorithm variation and using convex optimization techniques for the maximization process. The model proposed by Lam et al. (2013) considers a Cox semiparametric model, modelling then the population cure fraction by an frailty distributed as an compound Poisson, used jointly with data augmentation methods and maximum likelihood estimators. In Xiang et al. (2011), an standard mixture cure rate model is proposed adopting an logistic model for explaining incidence and using proportional hazards structure for the effects over the time to event. The two last mentioned models have extensions for clustered data analysis and are used on the examples of applications of this work. One of the main motivations of this dissertation consists on a study conducted by researches of Fundação Pró-Sangue, in São Paulo - SP, whose interest resides on evaluating the time until anaemia, occurring to recurrent donors, detected through periodic evaluations of the hematocrit, measured on each visit to the blood center. The existence of a non-susceptible portion of donors turns the use of the cure rate models convenient. The second analysed dataset consists on an set of periodic observations of radio collar equipped white tail deers. The goal here is the evaluation of when these animals migrate in the winter for specic weather and geographic conditions, contemplating the possibility that deer could not migrate. A comparative study among the proposed models is realized using simulations, in order to assess the robustness when assuming determined specifications about scenario and cure fraction. As far as we know, no work has been done comparing different cure mechanisms in the presence of interval censoring data until the present moment.
5

Seasonal movements of black-tailed deer on northern Vancouver Island

Harestad, Alton Sidney January 1979 (has links)
Columbian black-tailed deer (Qdocoileus hemionug cplumbianus Richardson) were radio-tagged in a deep snowfall region on northern Vancouver Island, British Columbia. These deer were monitored to determine seasonal movements and habitat use. Deer exhibited either resident or migratory movement patterns. Resident deer made seasonal shifts in their home range centres but their seasonal home ranges overlapped. In migratory deer, summer home ranges were separated from both spring and winter home ranges, although their spring and winter home ranges overlapped. Altitudinal migrations occurred by deer moving between high and low elevation habitats. Horizontal migrations occurred by deer moving between a small tributary valley and the main valley. Seasonal movements of black-tailed deer result from habitat selection by deer seasonally moving to more favourable habitats as determined by more available energy and nutrients, and lower risk of predation. The causal differences between vertical and horizontal migrations as well as seasonal shifts in home range centres can be resolved by a model of habitat selection based on these factors. The densities of available digestible dry matter in Amabilis Fir - Twisted Stalk, and Mountain Hemlock - Copperbush associations are comparable with those in the shrub and conifer serai stages. This abundance of deer food in high elevation habitats suggests that forest harvesting in high elevations will not affect deer populations, if their other habitat requirements are met. In areas where forested summer ranges already exist, low elevation logging of Sword Fern - Western Red Cedar, Deer Fern - Western Hemlock, and Western Hemlock - Plagiothecium associations will provide deer with sources of abundant food closer to their winter ranges than the high elevation summer ranges. Use of these food sources may result in only a redistribution and not an increase in the deer population. Logging of Amabilis Fir - Western Hemlock, Salal - Douglas-fir, and Salal - Western Hemlock associations may be detrimental to deer populations because of their need for these habitats during winter. Management policies emphasizing preservation of severe winter range could be detrimental to deer populations. Habitat management for black-tailed deer must include provision of mild winter range as well as severe winter range. Because mild winter range provides deer with greater amounts of available energy and nutrients, it may be as important to the over-winter survival of deer as is severe winter range. The mobility of black-tailed deer and their sensitivity to snow suggest that few deer would be trapped in high elevations by early snowfalls. Corridors joining high and low elevations appear unnecessary to facilitate deer migrations. / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate

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