Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [121]-137).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wyoming, 2007. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Mar. 6, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 36-42).

M.A. (Clinical Psychology) / An interest in the causes of disruption in disturbed marriages led to the present study which focuses on the area of interpersonal perception in the marriage relationship. Previous work has demonstrated that there are significantly more perceptual disjunctions between partners in disturbed than in non-disturbed marriages. However, prior research did not attempt to relate such disparate perceptions to personality factors in the respective partners ...

Research output indicates that a very high percentage op people with depressive disorders do not improve after a period of two years. One can thus assume that poor identification of the symptomatology and the factors involved in the etiology and maintenance thereof could lead to a generalised diagnosis and a less successful intervention. Although the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) has explicit criteria for both Dysthymia and Unipolar Major Depression it is sometimes difficult for clinical therapists to distinguish between them because of/due to the symptom similarities. Against this background the question is often asked whether Dysthymia is entitled to an unique diagnostic status. A few international investigations, as well as the preceding study (Smit 1994) have indicated that they are in fact different disorders. Each of these research findings however only focuses on specific areas of these disorders. The main purpose of the present study is however to identify the differences and similarities between the two depressive groups. An in-depth study was done to get an indication of the different comorbid personality and syndrome disorders as well as the unconscious defence mechanisms these patients tend to use. Two hundred and fifty five patients from the TARA, the H. Moross Centre, Weskoppies Hospital and Vista Private Clinic was evaluated. The DSM-IV was used to distinguish between the subjects of the different groups. Thereafter Hamilton's Depression Rating Scale was applied to get an indication whether the chosen patients weren't too little or too seriously depressed, as this could have influenced the results. The patients were then tested with Millon's Clinical Multi-Axial Inventory II to determine their comorbid personality and syndrome disorders. Finally they were assessed with Ihilevich and Gleser's Defence Mechanism Inventory to establish the defence style they usually unconsciously use. The results indicate that both groups tend to have comorbid anxiety and somatoform disorders. The findings also suggested that the Schizoid, Dependent and Borderline personality disorders would be the best indicators/predictors for the diagnosis of Unipolar Major Depression. According to the results the Dysthymic group had significantly higher measures on the Self-Defeating, Schizoid, Schizotypal, Avoidant, Borderline, Paranoid, Somatoform, Dysthymic, Thought Disorder, Major Depressive, Delusional and Aggressive style sub-scales. The best predictors/indicators for the Dysthymic Depressive Disorder are the Anxiety, Drug dependence, Thought Disorder, Major Depression and Somatoform syndrome disorders, the Anti-Social, Self-Defeating, and Schizotypal personality disorders, as well as the Aggressive, Projective, Intellectual, Intrapunitive and Reversal defence mechanisms. The results also indicate that the Dysthymic males had significantly higher measures than the females on 19 of the 27 subscales. The females subjects of the Unipolar Major Depressive group had significantly higher scores than the males on the Dependent and Somatoform sub-scales, while the males of the Major Depressive group had significantly higher scores than the females of this group on the Anti-Social, Aggressive-Sadistic, Alcohol dependence and Drug dependence sub-scales. One can come to the conclusion that the Dysthymic group (especially the males) are much more affected than the Unipolar Major Depressive group. These findings thus support the view that Dysthymia is entitled to a own unique diagnostic status, at least for a South African population. / Dr. A. Burke

No description available.

This study attempted to provide validation for Lerner and Lerner's Rorschach Defense Scale by investigating the relationship between primitive defenses as measured by the Rorschach Defense Scale, level of object relations as measured by the Developmental Analysis of the Concept of the Object Scale, and characteristic defensive operations as assessed by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. One hundred and twenty undergraduates completed the Rorschach and MMPI, and the RDS and DACOS were applied to their Rorschach responses. The results show a significant positive correlation between use of primitive defenses and level of object relations development -and a significant negative correlation between the defense Projective Identification and MMPI scale 6 (Paranoia) elevation. Overall, these results did not support the validity of the RDS.

The novel Animal Farm was primarily written as a satire on the Russian revolution, with the underlying intention to actively warn readers what happens when a totalitarian regime takes power. Manipulation and propaganda play a central role in the novella, but the ways in which the regime abuses its people psychologically appears to be of even greater importance. This essay examines and analyzes, from a psychoanalytical perspective, how Orwell portrays the characters that take part in the revolution and the psychology behind their behavior and the choices they make. The aim of the essay is to examine what the underlying factors are that enable a totalitarian leader to take hold of a community as this can be analyzed in Animal Farm. The character of Boxer the horse is central in the novel and of immediate interest, and is therefore analyzed in greater depth. The defense mechanisms denial and sublimation are examined closely in order to see what role they play in a totalitarian regime. Orwell delivers a serious message in Animal Farm, even though it is written as a satire with comic elements. By choosing to write it that way the novel is accessible to a wider audience than it would have been otherwise.

Detta examensarbete innehåller en kvalitativ undersökning om vuxenmobbning. Syftet med studien var att öka förståelsen för de fysiska och psykiska konsekvenserna av vuxenmobbning inklusive användandet av försvarsmekanismer. Studien syftade även till att undersöka de utsattas upplevelser av sjukvården i samband med att de har sökt hjälp för mobbningen. Resultatet bygger på två tematiska analyser av fem stycken frågeformulär med öppna frågor som har besvarats av personer som har utsatts för mobbning i vuxen ålder. De teman som framkom var; depression, tappat umgänge, negativ påverkan på arbetssituationen, försvarsmekanismer och brist på kunskap och resurser inom sjukvården. Resultatet visar att mobbning påverkar människor uteslutande negativt och den mest allvarliga konsekvensen av mobbning är depression. Detta för att depression kan leda till självmordstankar och självmordsförsök. Inom sjukvården fanns flera upplevda brister gällande mobbning och den största var brist på kunskap och resurser eftersom det leder till att människor inte blir tagna på allvar och inte får nog mycket hjälp i tid. Medvetenheten om mobbning måste öka för att förebyggande arbete ska kunna tillämpas på arbetsplatsen men också på andra platser där mobbning kan förekomma. / This thesis includes a qualitative study on adult bullying. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical and psychological consequences of adult bullying including the use of defense mechanisms. The study also aimed to investigate the victims experiences of the healthcare as they have sought help for the bullying. The results are based on two thematic analyses of five questionnaires with open questions which have been answered by people who have been victims of bullying in adulthood. The themes that emerged were; depression, loss of association, negative impact on the work situation, defense mechanisms and lack of knowledge and resources within healthcare. The results show that bullying affects people exclusively negatively and the most severe consequence of bullying is depression. This is because depression could lead to suicidal thoughts and attempted suicide. There were several experienced flaws within the healthcare on bullying and the most severe was lack of knowledge and resources because people are not taken seriously and they don’t receive enough with help in time. The awareness of bullying has to increase in order to make preventive action against bullying in the workplace and other places where bullying may occur.

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of the repression-sensitization dimension and leisure preferences, specifically threatening versus nonthreatening physical activity and television program preferences. The hypotheses were that sensitizers would prefer threatening (violent) television programs and threatening (competitive) physical activities to a significantly greater degree than repressors. Sixty college undergraduates were designated repressors, sensitizers, or middle group by their scores on Byrne's Repression-Sensitization Scale. Preference sheets determined subjects' preferences for threatening and nonthreatening television programs and physical activities. Simple analyses of variance revealed no significant differences in repressors', sensitizers', or middle group's preferences for threatening television programs or physical activities, and thus the hypotheses were rejected. Non-significant tendencies in the data, in hypothesized directions, suggest further research.

Entender os mecanismos de defesa das plantas de crisântemo em resposta à deficiência hídrica é importante no processo produtivo desta cultura. O objetivo neste trabalho foi determinar a resposta da transpiração e do crescimento foliar, de cultivares de crisântemo (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev.), ao conteúdo de água disponível em substrato, representado pela fração de água transpirável em substrato (FATS). Foram realizados dois experimentos, no setor de floricultura do Colégio Politécnico da UFSM, utilizando-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, sendo um no fim da primavera de 2011, com aplicação dos tratamentos a partir de 09/12/2011 - e um no inverno de 2012, com aplicação dos tratamentos a partir de 07/07/2012. As plantas foram cultivadas em vasos de 2,8 litros, preenchidos com substrato e dispostos no interior de uma casa de vegetação com controle de temperatura. As cultivares de crisântemo utilizadas foram a Cherry White (de vaso), Repin Bronze (de corte), Apple Valley (de vaso) e Calábria (de corte). A FATS, a transpiração e o crescimento foliar foram determinados diariamente durante o período de imposição da deficiência hídrica em cada experimento. A FATS crítica no crisântemo que começa a afetar a transpiração, indicativo do início do fechamento estomático, é de 0,63 para a cultivar Cherry White; 0,60 para a cultivar Repin Bronze; 0,53 para a cultivar Apple Valley; e 0,51, para a cultivar Calábria. A redução do crescimento foliar inicia com um valor de FATS crítica de 0,67 para a cultivar Cherry White; 0,69 para a cultivar Repin Bronze; 0,59 para a cultivar Apple Valley e 0,54, para a cultivar Calábria. As cultivares Cherry White e Repin Bronze apresentam maior tolerância ao déficit hídrico do que as cultivares Apple Valley e Calábria. O crescimento foliar começa ser reduzido com um valor de FATS crítica maior do que o valor de FATS crítica em que a transpiração começa a ser reduzida. A deficiência hídrica afeta negativamente as variáveis de crescimento e de desenvolvimento de cultivares de crisântemo. / Understand the defense mechanisms of plants of chrysanthemum in response to water stress is important in the production process of this crop. The objective of this study was to determine the response of the plant to transpiration and leaf growth of chrysanthemum cultivars (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev.), related to the available water content in the substrate, represented by the fraction of transpirable substrate water (FTSW). Two Greenhouse experiments were conducted in the flower sector of the Polytechnic College UFSM, using a completely randomized design. One started end of spring of 2011, with application of treatments on 09/12/2011 and the second in winter 2012, with application of treatments on 07/07/2012. Plants were grown in 2.8 liter pots filled with substrate and arranged inside a greenhouse with temperature control. The chrysanthemum cultivars were Cherry White (potted), Repin Bronze (for cut), Apple Valley (potted) and Calabria (for cut). The FTSW, transpiration and leaf growth were determined daily during the period of imposition of water deficit in each experiment. The threshold FTSW for Chrysanthemum that begins to affect transpiration, is an indicative of early stomatal closure and was 0.63 for the cultivar Cherry White, 0.60 for Repin Bronze, 0.53 for Apple Valley and 0.51, for Calabria. Leaf growth began to be reduced at a threshold FTSW of 0.67 for Cherry White, 0.69 for Repin Bronze, 0.59 for Apple Valley and 0.54, for Calabria. Cultivars Cherry White and Bronze Repin proved to be more tolerant to water deficit than the cultivars Apple Valley and Calábria. The reduced leaf growth starts with a threshold FTSW value larger than the threshold FTSW value related to reduced transpirations. The water deficit negatively affected the variables of growth and development of the chrysanthemum cultivars.