Project cost and schedule forecasting accuracy in the defense industry has not significantly changed since the 1960s, making it difficult for defense business leaders to implement successful earned value management (EVM) strategies. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore EVM strategies that Washington, D.C. area defense contractor business leaders used to improve costs and schedule goal accomplishment. The conceptual framework for this study was the earned time theory. Data were collected from semistructured interviews from 5 defense contractor business leaders with demonstrated use of EVM strategy. The review of company documents focused on EVM use with reporting requirements, and archival EVM study analysis supplemented the data from the semistructured interviews. Data were triangulated and inductively analyzed for themes, and member checking was done to ensure credibility of the interpretations. Four themes emerged from the data: the use of EVM data to improve outcomes, the existence of essential strategies, the role of EVM as but a single tool, and the essential engagement of leadership. Findings may contribute to social change because defense business contractor leaders could help improve business performance and return resources for social improvement. Investment in social and environmental improvements can strengthen employee commitment and ultimately ties to the community at large, furthering social improvement.

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo, determinar la influencia de la participación eficaz del sector defensa, ante la ocurrencia del fenómeno del niño costero, en la atención a la población del distrito de Santa Eulalia. Respecto a los aspectos metodológicos del trabajo, el tipo de investigación fue el aplicado y el nivel explicativo. La población estuvo conformada por los 11,800 pobladores del distrito de Santa Eulalia. La muestra estuvo conformada por 373 pobladores del distrito de Santa Eulalia, a los cuales se les aplicó el instrumento que constó de 18 preguntas, utilizando la escala de likert con alternativas de respuesta múltiple. Se procedió a analizar los resultados, luego se realizó la contrastación de hipótesis, utilizando la prueba estadística conocida como coeficiente de correlación de SPEARMAN, debido a que las variables de estudio son cualitativas. Finalmente, se pudo determinar que la participación eficaz del sector defensa ante la ocurrencia del fenómeno del niño costero influye significativamente en la atención a la población de Santa Eulalia. / The objective of this research was to determine the influence of the effective participation of the defense sector, in the face of the occurrence of the phenomenon of the coastal child, in the attention to the population of Santa Eulalia. Regarding the methodological aspects of the work, the type of research was the applied and the explanatory level. The population was conformed by the 11,800 settlers of the district of Santa Eulalia. The sample was conformed by 373 settlers of the district of Santa Eulalia, To which the instrument was applied that consisted of 18 questions, using the scale of likert with alternatives of multiple answer. We proceeded to analyze the results, then we tested the hypothesis, using the statistical test known as the SPEARMAN correlation coefficient, because the study variables are qualitative. Finally, it was possible to determine that the effective participation of the defense sector in the face of the occurrence of the phenomenon of the coastal child significantly influences the attention to the population of Santa Eulalia. / Trabajo de investigación

The process by which a firm internationalizes has long been a topic of discussion in academia. Several models, hypotheses, and theories have been created to explain how a company expands and sells its products to a new market. However, each industry and pathway to internationalization has yet to be explored. The arms trade industry is a highly complex and controversial field as it carries with it numerous political and defense implications. The purpose of this study is to analyze the internal strategies and processes by which an MNE within the arms industry performs a successful internationalization. Furthermore, it will challenge current internationalization theory and literature by providing new insight into this process. Hence, it is essential to explore the internal strategies, networks, and factors involved to enhance our understanding and contribute new methods to the scientific community. The study followed an abductive approach with a qualitative method has been performed through a single case study analysis. Semi-structured interviews with C-suite executives are conducted to collect data from Armscor Global Defense. There were several findings from this thesis. Some of our conclusions were that personal relationships are more important than distance when internationalizing. Another conclusion for the defense sector is that companies should not rely on governmental relationships. Companies in the defense sector also invest a lot of time and money in physical meetings, despite the possibility of virtual meetings.

La presente investigación titulada “Relación de los Estilos de Liderazgo y Desempeño Laboral de los Servidores Públicos del Sector Defensa en Lima Metropolitana 2021” tiene como objetivo principal determinar la relación entre los estilos de liderazgo y el desempeño laboral de los servidores públicos del Sector Defensa en Lima Metropolitana, 2021. Para lograr este objetivo, se realizó una investigación de enfoque cuantitativo, de diseño no experimental y corte transversal, con una muestra de 378 servidores públicos de distintas entidades del Sector Defensa en Lima Metropolitana, 2021. El análisis estadístico ha sido implementado con la finalidad de demostrar la correlación entre los estilos de liderazgo y el desempeño laboral de los servidores públicos. Según el análisis de la data, luego de aplicar las encuestas, el liderazgo más predominante fue el transformacional con un coeficiente de correlación de 0.374 seguido del transaccional y trascendental, con el mismo coeficiente de correlación de 0.296, lo que indica que existe una relación débil y directamente proporcional. Finalmente, se exponen las conclusiones del estudio y se sugieren algunas recomendaciones a implementar en el Sector Defensa para un mejor manejo en el liderazgo, que logre repercutir en un alto desempeño laboral. / The main objective of this research tittled “Relationship of Leadership Styles and Labor Performance of Public Servants of the Defense Sector in Metropolitan Lima 2021" is to determine the relationship between leadership styles and job performance of public servers of the Defense Sector in Metropolitan Lima Metropolitana, 2021. This investigation, is a quantitative approach, non-experimental design, and cross-sectional research, was carried out with a sample of 378 public servants from different entities of the Defense Sector in Lima Metropolitana 2021. A statistical analysis has been implemented to demonstrate the correlation between leadership styles and job performance of public servers. According to the analysis of the data after applying the surveys, the most predominant leadership was transformational with a correlation coefficient of 0.374 followed by transactional and transcendental with the same correlation coefficient of 0.296, which indicates that there is a weak and direct relationship proportional. Finally, the conclusions of the study are presented, and some recommendations are suggested to be implemented in the Defense Sector for a better management in leadership that has an impact on high job performance. / Tesis