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This dissertation presents efficient, on-line, convergent methods to find defense strategies against attacks in dynamic multi-stage attacker-defender games including adaptive learning. This effort culminated in four papers submitted to high quality journals and a book and they are partially published. The first paper presents a novel fictitious play approach to describe the interactions between the attackers and network administrator along a dynamic game. Multi-objective optimization methodology is used to predict the attacker's best actions at each decision node. The administrator also keeps track of the attacker's actions and updates his knowledge on the attacker's behavior and objectives after each detected attack, and uses this information to update the prediction of the attacker's future actions to find its best response strategies. The second paper proposes a Dynamic game tree based Fictitious Play (DFP) approach to describe the repeated interactive decision processes of the players. Each player considers all possibilities in future interactions with their uncertainties, which are based on learning the opponent's decision process (including risk attitude, objectives). Instead of searching the entire game tree, appropriate future time horizons are dynamically selected for both players. The administrator keeps tracking the opponent's actions, predicts the probabilities of future possible attacks, and then chooses its best moves. The third paper introduces an optimization model to maximize the deterministic equivalent of the random payoff function of a computer network administrator in defending the system against random attacks. By introducing new variables the transformed objective function becomes concave. A special optimization algorithm is developed which requires the computation of the unique solution of a single variable monotonic equation. The fourth paper, which is an invited book chapter, proposes a discrete-time stochastic control model to capture the process of finding the best current move of the defender. The defender's payoffs at each stage of the game depend on the attacker's and the defender's accumulative efforts and are considered random variables due to their uncertainty. Their certain equivalents can be approximated based on their first and second moments which is chosen as the cost functions of the dynamic system. An on-line, convergent, Scenarios based Proactive Defense (SPD) algorithm is developed based on Differential Dynamic Programming (DDP) to solve the associated optimal control problem.

Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an important view point to evaluate heavy metal toxicity and resistance in plants. Arabidopsis thaliana is a fully sequenced model plant, and the characteristic between ecotypes due to adaptation towards varied environment can be used as a material for comparing physiological differences. In this experiments, two ecotypes of A. thaliana: Columbia (Col-0) and Landsberg erecta (Ler-0) is observed for the roots growth inhibition, plasma membrane integrity and lipid peroxidation after treated with different concentration of HgCl2 (0, 2, 4, 8 £gM), in attempt to compare the anti-oxidation defensive mechanism of two ecotypes and understand mercury-induced oxidative stress. ROS and Ca2+ generation is determined with CM-H2DCF-DA and Oregon Green 488 BAPTA-1 is under confocal microscopy. Some anti-oxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POD EC1.11.1.7) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX EC 1.11.1.11) are examined for the activity under protein gel electrophoresis. Experiment results showed that mercury-induced inhibition of root growth is more significant in Ler-0. ROS in roots of both ecotypes shows different trends under 8 £gM HgCl2 , however increment of ROS level below 4 £gM HgCl2 ; Ca2+ shows the similar result as ROS. Activity of SOD isoforms reached a peak at 2-4 £gM HgCl2. Expression of POD is correlated to the mercury concentration in both ecotypes. There are two types of APXs expression, one decreased as mercury concentration increased, another increased under 2 £gM HgCl2 and decreased as the concentration getting higher. According to the observation on expression of ROS generations and anti-oxidation system, we speculated that tolerance of Ler-0 towards mercury is weaker than Col-0. The results can be used as a basis for further discussion on influence of mercury towards different anti-oxidation enzymes and the signaling pathways.

<p>With the advance of the technologies of Internet of things, smart devices or virtual personal assistants at home, such as Google Assistant, Apple Siri, and Amazon Alexa, have been widely used to control and access different objects like door lock, blobs, air conditioner, and even bank accounts, which makes our life convenient. Because of its ease for operations, voice control becomes a main interface between users and these smart devices. To make voice control more secure, speaker verification systems have been researched to apply human voice as biometrics to accurately identify a legitimate user and avoid the illegal access. In recent studies, however, it has been shown that speaker verification systems are vulnerable to different security attacks such as replay, voice cloning, and adversarial attacks. Among all attacks, adversarial attacks are the most dangerous and very challenging to defend. Currently, there is no known method that can effectively defend against such an attack in speaker verification systems.</p> <p>The goal of this project is to design and implement a defense system that is simple, light-weight, and effectively against adversarial attacks for speaker verification. To achieve this goal, we study the audio samples from adversarial attacks in both the time domain and the Mel spectrogram, and find that the generated adversarial audio is simply a clean illegal audio with small perturbations that are similar to white noises, but well-designed to fool speaker verification. Our intuition is that if these perturbations can be removed or modified, adversarial attacks can potentially loss the attacking ability. Therefore, we propose to add a plugin-function module to preprocess the input audio before it is fed into the verification system. As a first attempt, we study two opposite plugin functions: denoising that attempts to remove or reduce perturbations and noise-adding that adds small Gaussian noises to an input audio. We show through experiments that both methods can significantly degrade the performance of a state-of-the-art adversarial attack. Specifically, it is shown that denoising and noise-adding can reduce the targeted attack success rate of the attack from 100% to only 56% and 5.2%, respectively. Moreover, noise-adding can slow down the attack 25 times in speed and has a minor effect on the normal operations of a speaker verification system. Therefore, we believe that noise-adding can be applied to any speaker verification system against adversarial attacks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt in applying the noise-adding method to defend against adversarial attacks in speaker verification systems.</p><br>

O presente trabalho teve como proposta a análise sobre a investigação econômica efetuada nos casos de atos de concentração empresarial, no período de 2000 a 2004, dentro do objetivo geral de avaliar o Sistema Brasileiro de Defesa da Concorrência. Procurou-se identificar aspectos que possam caracterizar o padrão e o modo com que são instruídos os processos sobre operações empresariais que são produzidos em razão da Lei 8.884/94. O referencial teórico para a análise foram os conceitos microeconômicos da teoria neoclássica e os da teoria industrial de potencial aplicação à defesa da concorrência. A justificativa para o presente estudo baseou-se no entendimento de que, por um lado, a importância da política de defesa da concorrência é crescente, tendo em vista a expansão freqüente e contínua dos mercados e empresas, o que impõe a necessidade de uma ordem econômica eficaz no papel de preservar a eficiência e o bem-estar econômico dos mercados; por outro lado, pela constatação de que a experiência antitruste brasileira é relativamente recente, pois ainda não se conhece, na prática, como, quais e em que níveis de limitação os conceitos e instrumentos econômicos disponíveis são aplicados no momento de análise dos casos de sua competência. O Guia para Análise Econômica de Atos de Concentração Horizontal, documento oficial do SBDC, foi a referência utilizada para avaliar o método de análise econômica do SBDC, tendo sido comparado com os guias de três das principais legislações antitrustes internacionais, a saber: os Estados Unidos, o Reino Unido e a União Européia. A conclusão geral é de que, a despeito de diversos problemas de aplicação metodológica do ferramental econômico utilizado, o modo de investigação econômica do SBDC não está muito distante daquele das principais agências de defesa da concorrência internacionais. A aplicação de métodos quantitativos como padrão de análise ainda é um desafio para o desenvolvimento da investigação econômica antitruste no Brasil, tendo em vista diversos fatores (estruturais e de natureza teórica) restritivos à sua aplicação. Um dos fatores seriam as limitações relacionadas à obtenção de dados adequados que possam permitir a construção de modelos realistas aos casos examinados e, de forma tempestiva, atender aos prazos legais de análise antitruste. Foram examinados pareceres econômicos realizados pela Secretaria de Acompanhamento Econômico (SEAE) e julgamentos efetuados pelo Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (CADE) referentes a operações de concentração horizontal. Especificamente, buscou-se identificar o papel da SEAE como órgão de instrução econômica ao CADE e os instrumentos e conceitos utilizados por ambas as agências de defesa da concorrência. Considerando que o contexto econômico cada vez mais é o internacional, o presente trabalho discutiu a estrutura da Política de Defesa da Concorrência Internacional no âmbito dos principais acordos de cooperação internacionais atualmente existentes. Verificou-se que as recomendações da SEAE e boa parte de sua argumentação econômica são acompanhadas pelo CADE, o que sugere admitir que a primeira cumpre o papel de assessoria econômica às atividades de julgamentos antitrustes pelo segundo. / This work proposes to analyze the economic investigation carried out on cases of business concentration, during the period from 2000 to 2004, with the overall objective of evaluating the Brazilian Competition Defense System. It aims to identify aspects that may characterize the pattern and mode through which business operation processes are addressed, as a result of Law 8.884/94. Economic rulings presented by the Secretary for Economic Monitoring (SEAE) were analyzed and judgments (decisions, judgments and deliberations) made by the Administrative Council of Economic Defense (CADE) concerning horizontal concentration operations were verified. Another aim is to specifically identify the role played by SEAE as an economics consulting organ to CADE, as well as the tools and concepts used by both business competition defense agencies. Given the increasingly international context, this work addresses the structure of the international business competition defense policy within the scope of the main international agreements of cooperation currently made. The justification for this study is based, on the one hand, on the understanding of the growing importance of a business competition defense policy, as a result of a frequent and continuous expansion of the market and enterprises - which calls for the need of an effective economic order to preserve efficiency and well-being - and, on the other hand, on the realization that the Brazilian anti trust experience is relatively recent, lacking the practical knowledge of how, which, and at what levels of limitation the economic concepts and tools available are applied when analyzing domestic cases. The theoretical base used for the analysis is the microeconomic concepts of neoclassic and industrial theory with a potential application to business competition defense. The Guideline for Economic Analysis of Horizontal Concentration Acts, an official SBDC document, is the reference used to evaluate the method of economic analysis of SBDC and is compared to the guidelines of three of the main international antitrust legislations, namely, those of USA, UK, and EU. The overall conclusion is that, despite several problems of methodological application of the economic tools applied, the way the economic investigation of SBDC is conducted is not very different from that of the main international competition defense agencies. The application of quantitative methods as a standard of analysis is still a challenge for the development of anti trust economic investigation in Brazil, since several factors (of structural and theoretical nature) limit their use. One of the factors would be the limitations related to obtaining adequate data to allow the creation of realistic models for the cases examined and, in a timely way, be able to meet the legal deadlines of anti trust analysis. It was verified that SEAE recommendations and a considerable portion of its economic rationale are monitored by CADE, what leads to admit that the former performs the role of economic consultant to the latter’ s anti trust decision activities.

O presente trabalho teve como proposta a análise sobre a investigação econômica efetuada nos casos de atos de concentração empresarial, no período de 2000 a 2004, dentro do objetivo geral de avaliar o Sistema Brasileiro de Defesa da Concorrência. Procurou-se identificar aspectos que possam caracterizar o padrão e o modo com que são instruídos os processos sobre operações empresariais que são produzidos em razão da Lei 8.884/94. O referencial teórico para a análise foram os conceitos microeconômicos da teoria neoclássica e os da teoria industrial de potencial aplicação à defesa da concorrência. A justificativa para o presente estudo baseou-se no entendimento de que, por um lado, a importância da política de defesa da concorrência é crescente, tendo em vista a expansão freqüente e contínua dos mercados e empresas, o que impõe a necessidade de uma ordem econômica eficaz no papel de preservar a eficiência e o bem-estar econômico dos mercados; por outro lado, pela constatação de que a experiência antitruste brasileira é relativamente recente, pois ainda não se conhece, na prática, como, quais e em que níveis de limitação os conceitos e instrumentos econômicos disponíveis são aplicados no momento de análise dos casos de sua competência. O Guia para Análise Econômica de Atos de Concentração Horizontal, documento oficial do SBDC, foi a referência utilizada para avaliar o método de análise econômica do SBDC, tendo sido comparado com os guias de três das principais legislações antitrustes internacionais, a saber: os Estados Unidos, o Reino Unido e a União Européia. A conclusão geral é de que, a despeito de diversos problemas de aplicação metodológica do ferramental econômico utilizado, o modo de investigação econômica do SBDC não está muito distante daquele das principais agências de defesa da concorrência internacionais. A aplicação de métodos quantitativos como padrão de análise ainda é um desafio para o desenvolvimento da investigação econômica antitruste no Brasil, tendo em vista diversos fatores (estruturais e de natureza teórica) restritivos à sua aplicação. Um dos fatores seriam as limitações relacionadas à obtenção de dados adequados que possam permitir a construção de modelos realistas aos casos examinados e, de forma tempestiva, atender aos prazos legais de análise antitruste. Foram examinados pareceres econômicos realizados pela Secretaria de Acompanhamento Econômico (SEAE) e julgamentos efetuados pelo Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (CADE) referentes a operações de concentração horizontal. Especificamente, buscou-se identificar o papel da SEAE como órgão de instrução econômica ao CADE e os instrumentos e conceitos utilizados por ambas as agências de defesa da concorrência. Considerando que o contexto econômico cada vez mais é o internacional, o presente trabalho discutiu a estrutura da Política de Defesa da Concorrência Internacional no âmbito dos principais acordos de cooperação internacionais atualmente existentes. Verificou-se que as recomendações da SEAE e boa parte de sua argumentação econômica são acompanhadas pelo CADE, o que sugere admitir que a primeira cumpre o papel de assessoria econômica às atividades de julgamentos antitrustes pelo segundo. / This work proposes to analyze the economic investigation carried out on cases of business concentration, during the period from 2000 to 2004, with the overall objective of evaluating the Brazilian Competition Defense System. It aims to identify aspects that may characterize the pattern and mode through which business operation processes are addressed, as a result of Law 8.884/94. Economic rulings presented by the Secretary for Economic Monitoring (SEAE) were analyzed and judgments (decisions, judgments and deliberations) made by the Administrative Council of Economic Defense (CADE) concerning horizontal concentration operations were verified. Another aim is to specifically identify the role played by SEAE as an economics consulting organ to CADE, as well as the tools and concepts used by both business competition defense agencies. Given the increasingly international context, this work addresses the structure of the international business competition defense policy within the scope of the main international agreements of cooperation currently made. The justification for this study is based, on the one hand, on the understanding of the growing importance of a business competition defense policy, as a result of a frequent and continuous expansion of the market and enterprises – which calls for the need of an effective economic order to preserve efficiency and well-being – and, on the other hand, on the realization that the Brazilian anti trust experience is relatively recent, lacking the practical knowledge of how, which, and at what levels of limitation the economic concepts and tools available are applied when analyzing domestic cases. The theoretical base used for the analysis is the microeconomic concepts of neoclassic and industrial theory with a potential application to business competition defense. The Guideline for Economic Analysis of Horizontal Concentration Acts, an official SBDC document, is the reference used to evaluate the method of economic analysis of SBDC and is compared to the guidelines of three of the main international antitrust legislations, namely, those of USA, UK, and EU. The overall conclusion is that, despite several problems of methodological application of the economic tools applied, the way the economic investigation of SBDC is conducted is not very different from that of the main international competition defense agencies. The application of quantitative methods as a standard of analysis is still a challenge for the development of anti trust economic investigation in Brazil, since several factors (of structural and theoretical nature) limit their use. One of the factors would be the limitations related to obtaining adequate data to allow the creation of realistic models for the cases examined and, in a timely way, be able to meet the legal deadlines of anti trust analysis. It was verified that SEAE recommendations and a considerable portion of its economic rationale are monitored by CADE, what leads to admit that the former performs the role of economic consultant to the latter’ s anti trust decision activities.

<p>Several plant defense systems consist of enzymes that act on glucosides and produce a toxic compound. In the intact plant tissue the substrate and enzyme are kept apart. The system studied here consists of the substrate 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one and the enzyme glucan 1,3-β-glucosidase in rye. The aim was to determine the properties of a cell wall β-glucosidase. Two different systems for expression and purification of β-glucosidase fused to a tag were used: a 6xHistidine tag system and a thioredoxin tag system. The sequence of the β-glucosidase had previously been determined so now the gene was subcloned into E.coli. A direct PCR on colonies, a test expression, a restriction digestion of plasmids and sequencing was made to analyze the transformation, which all turned out successful. Then the β-glucosidase solubility was determined. Finally a purification of the β-glucosidase from E.coli under native conditions and a pNPG assay was carried out. For the (His)6-tagged protein, the recombinant β-glucosidase tended to end up in the insoluble pelleted fraction which indicated formation of inclusion bodies. The cell wall 1,3-β-glucosidase was soluble with the thioredoxin system, but the percentage of soluble protein fraction was around 5% only of the total protein. In eluates from a nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid column the presence of recombinant protein was confirmed with Western blot, but contaminating bands were also present. Purified elauted fractions did not exhibit detectable β-glucosidase activity. It was not possible to purify active enzyme. From a BLAST search it was clear that the most similar enzymes all had putative glycosylation sites and lack of glycosylation could be a reason for the protein not to fold properly.</p>

Several plant defense systems consist of enzymes that act on glucosides and produce a toxic compound. In the intact plant tissue the substrate and enzyme are kept apart. The system studied here consists of the substrate 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one and the enzyme glucan 1,3-β-glucosidase in rye. The aim was to determine the properties of a cell wall β-glucosidase. Two different systems for expression and purification of β-glucosidase fused to a tag were used: a 6xHistidine tag system and a thioredoxin tag system. The sequence of the β-glucosidase had previously been determined so now the gene was subcloned into E.coli. A direct PCR on colonies, a test expression, a restriction digestion of plasmids and sequencing was made to analyze the transformation, which all turned out successful. Then the β-glucosidase solubility was determined. Finally a purification of the β-glucosidase from E.coli under native conditions and a pNPG assay was carried out. For the (His)6-tagged protein, the recombinant β-glucosidase tended to end up in the insoluble pelleted fraction which indicated formation of inclusion bodies. The cell wall 1,3-β-glucosidase was soluble with the thioredoxin system, but the percentage of soluble protein fraction was around 5% only of the total protein. In eluates from a nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid column the presence of recombinant protein was confirmed with Western blot, but contaminating bands were also present. Purified elauted fractions did not exhibit detectable β-glucosidase activity. It was not possible to purify active enzyme. From a BLAST search it was clear that the most similar enzymes all had putative glycosylation sites and lack of glycosylation could be a reason for the protein not to fold properly.

Pagrindinės sąvokos: žmogaus teisės, prigimtinės ir pozytiviosios teisės, LR krašto apsaugos sistema, Lietuvos kariuomenė, statutai, Europos Sąjunga, Šiaurės Atlanto Sutarties Organizacija, buvusios TSRS ginkluotosios pajėgos, valdymo modelis, etatizmas, humanizmas, nestatutiniai santykiai, statutinis pareigūnas, drausmė ir disciplina. Santraukos turinys: santraukoje pateikiama darbo tema bei pagrindinės, darbe vartojamos sąvokos. Aprašyta, ką autorius nagrinėja darbe, kas turi įtakos žmogaus teisių krašto apsaugos sistemoje institutui ir jo raidos tendencijas, kokių nuostatų laikomasi rašant darbą. Pateikiama žmogaus teisių esmė bei jų įgyvendinimo ir apsaugos problemos. Žmogaus teisės bendrąja prasme gali būti suprantamos kaip vertybių, apimančių individo teises, laisves ir pareigas, kompleksas. Istorinė raida, išorinės ir vidinės valstybės ir visuomenės permainos, valstybės valdymo modelis, vyraujanti ideologija leidžia nagrinėti žmogaus teises įvairiais aspektais. Darbe nagrinėjamas bei lyginamas TSRS bei nepriklausomos Lietuvos valstybės žmogaus teisių institutas ginkluotosiose pajėgose. Žmogaus teisių reglamentavimo bei apsaugos raidos tendencijos ir ypatumai atskleidžiami, analizuojant vyraujančias prigimtinių teisių bei pozityviojo etatizmo doktrinas, istorines aplinkybes, valstybės valdymo modelius, jų įtaką žmogaus teisių institutui, taip pat akcentuojant žmogaus teisių įgyvendinimo kariuomenėje problemas. Darbe laikomasi nuostatos, kad sovietinis paveldas turi... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Main concepts: human rights, natural and positive rights, national defense system of the Republic of Lithuania, Lithuanian army, statutes, European Union (EU), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), USSR armament, control model, etatism, humanism, unstatutory intercourse, statutory servant, discipline. Summary: work name and main concepts used in this work are given in the summary. It is described, what author analyses in this work, what influences on human rights’ institution and it’s development tendencies, what attitudes he has when writing this work. The essence of human rights and problems of its implementation and protection are provided. Human rights in common sense might be understood as a complex of values, involving rights/liberties and duties of an individual. External development, external and internal state changes, model of state government, ruling ideology lets to analyze human rights in various aspects. Human rights’ institution in armament of USSR and independent Lithuania are analyzed and compared. Regulation of human rights and protection development tendencies and singularities are revealed by analyzing doctrines of dominant natural rights and positive etatism, historical circumstances, models of state government, their influence on human rights institution as well as emphasizing implementation of human rights in army. An attitude, that soviet heritage has an influence today, is kept in the work. The origin of unstatutory intercourse, determining... [to full text]

Submitted by Deyse Queiroz (deysequeirozz@hotmail.com) on 2018-05-23T12:18:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DANIEL CASIMIRO DA SILVEIRA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA 2012..pdf: 2092343 bytes, checksum: f7b46d35c4259a923367cac1ba701149 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-23T12:18:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DANIEL CASIMIRO DA SILVEIRA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA 2012..pdf: 2092343 bytes, checksum: f7b46d35c4259a923367cac1ba701149 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-14 / A agressividade das abelhas africanizadas é considerada por muitos apicultores como um forte aliado para se evitar roubo da sua produção. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar a agressividade das abelhas Apis mellífera L. Africanizadas no sertão paraibano, através de testes de comportamento defensivo, para a produção de abelhas rainha mansas e produtivas. A pesquisa foi realizada na UFCG – POMBAL – PB e nos municípios de Condado, Pombal e Sousa no sertão da Paraíba. Os apiários eram compostos por 30 enxames, alojadas em colmeias padrão Langstroth. Destas, foram selecionadas aleatoriamente 10 colônias. Os testes de agressividade foram realizados em cada colmeia escolhida em 3 repetições, nos horários de 07:00 às 10:00 horas (H1), de 12:00 às 14:00 horas (H2) e das 15:00 às 17:00 horas (H3), e nos períodos da estação chuvosa (Abril de 2012) e da estação seca (Agosto de 2012). A agressividade foi medida pelo método de Stort (1974) com algumas adaptações, onde foram feitas as seguintes observações: Tempo para o enfurecimento das abelhas; Tempo para ocorrer à primeira ferroada; Número de ferrões deixados na camurça presa em um recipiente circular; Número de abelhas que atacaram após 1 minuto; Distância que as abelhas perseguiram o manipulador, e tempo para a calmaria das abelhas na colônia. Os dados foram avaliados pelos programas estatísticos SAS versão 9.0 e SigmaPlot for Windows versão 12.0. Após análise da normalidade pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk, e homogeneidade de variância por Bartlett, os parâmetros avaliados por análise de variância, seguida do teste de Tukey e suas inter-relações por meio do teste de correlação de Pearson. A análise dos dados pelo método de Ward são representados num dendrograma. Para o enfurecimento das abelhas observamos que no período de inverno nos horários compreendidos entre 7:00 às 10:00 horas e das 12:00 às 14:00 horas do dia com valores de, respectivamente, 4,03 e 3,46 s, sendo estes estatisticamente diferentes dos observados no período de 15:00 às 17:00 horas (2,56 s). No período de seca, observamos o menor tempo de enfurecimento no período de 12:00 às 14:00 horas e de 15:00 às 17:00 horas do dia (3,93 e 2,76 s), sendo o período de maior agressividade das abelhas. Quando comparado o comportamento das abelhas entre as estações chuvosa e seca, observamos que o tempo de enfurecimento das abelhas não diferiu estatisticamente no horário de 15:00 às 17:00 horas. Dentre todas as colmeias analisadas observamos que elas possuem características em comum, independente do local de origem, podendo agrupá-las de modo a qualificá-las como agressivas ou mansas / The aggression of Africanized bees is considered by many as a strong ally beekeepers to prevent theft of their production. This study aims to assess the aggressiveness of the bees Apis mellifera L. Africanized in the backlands of Paraiba, through tests of defensive behavior, for the production of queen bees calm and productive. The survey was conducted in UFCG - POMBAL - PB County and the municipalities of Pombal and Sousa in the backlands of Paraiba. Apiaries are composed of 30 clusters, housed in standard Langstroth hives. Of these, 10 colonies were randomly selected. The tests were carried out aggression in each hive chosen in 3 replications, in times of 07:00 and 10:00 hours (H1), from 12:00 to 14:00 hours (H2) and 15:00 to 17:00 hours (H3), and during winter (April 2012) and dry (August 2012). Aggression was measured by the method of Stort (1974) with some adaptations ours, where the following observations were made: Time for the fury of the bees; occur for the first time in a sting suede, number of stings left in suede trapped in a container circular, Number of bees that attacked after 1 minute; Distance bees chased the handler, and the time to calm the bees in the colony. Data were analyzed by SAS statistical software version 9.0 and SigmaPlot for Windows version 12.0. After analysis of normality by the Shapiro-Wilk test, and homogeneity of variance by Bartlett, the parameters evaluated by analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test and their interrelationships through the Pearson correlation test. Data analysis by the method of Ward are represented in a dendrogram. To the fury of bees observed that during winter in times ranging from 7:00 to 10:00 hours and from 12:00 to 14:00 hours of the day with figures of, respectively, 4.03 and 3.46 s, being statistically different from those observed in the period from 15:00 to 17:00 (2.56 s). During the dry season, we observe the shorter infuriating between 12:00 to 14:00 hours and from 15:00 to 17:00 hours of the day (3.93 and 2.76 s), being the period of greatest aggressiveness of bees. Compared bee behavior between the winter and dry, we observed that the time infuriating bees did not differ statistically between the hours of 15:00 to 17:00 hours. Among all analyzed hives observe that they have characteristics in common, regardless of place of origin and can group them in order to qualify them as aggressive or tame.