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Darbe buvo tiriama lignino atliekų sorbcinė galia naftos produktams, jų pritaikymo biologiniam aplinkos valymui nuo naftos teršalų galimybė. Nustatyta, kad hidrolizuotas ligninas sorbuoja įvairius naftos produktus, yra netoksiškas angliavandenilius skaidančiam Arthrobacter sp. N3 štamui ir padidina dyzelino biologinio skaidymo grunte efektyvumą. Taip pat pastebėta, kad baltieji dobilai (Trifolium repens L.) gali augti net 2,0 % dyzelino užterštame grunte ir pagreitinti biologinį grunto išvalymą nuo naftos teršalų. Laboratorinėmis sąlygomis, naudojant hidrolizuotą ligniną, naftą skaidančius mikroorganizmus Arthrobacter sp. N3 ir baltuosius dobilus buvo sukurta kompleksinė užteršto naftos produktais grunto valymo technologija. Pirmame etape, taikant biodegradaciją naftą skaidančiais mikroorganizmais ir naudojant hidrolizuotą ligniną, po 9 savaičių, esant dyzelino koncentracijai 2,3 % smėlyje bei 2,3 ir 4,5 % molžemyje, buvo pasiektas 80,3 – 59,6 % grunto išvalymas. Antrame etape, papildomai užsėjus baltuosius dobilus, po 13 savaičių dyzelino koncentracija apvalytame grunte neviršijo leidžiamų grunto užterštumo naftos produktais normų. Ši kompleksinė grunto valymo technologija galėtų būti sėkmingai pritaikoma aplinkosaugoje valyti gruntą nuo naftos teršalų. / This study investigates the sorption capacity of lignin waste for oil products and the possibility of their application for biological cleaning the environment from oil pollutants. We determined that hydrolyzed lignin showed sorption capacity for various oil products, and there was no toxic effect on oil – degrading Arthrobacter sp. N3 strain. The results indicated that hydrolyzed lignin enhanced the biodegradation of diesel oil in clay and sand. Either the observes demonstrated that white clovers (Trifolium repens L.) was able to grew in soil polluted with diesel oil at concentration of 2 % and increased the level of biological clean up from oil pollutants. The complex technology of soil cleaning by using of hydrolyzed lignin, oil – degrading Arthrobacter sp. N3 strain and white clovers (Trifolium repens L.) was created at laboratory conditions. At the first stage, biodegradation of diesel oil was applied using Arthrobacter sp. N3 strain and hydrolyzed lignin, soil clean up level was 80,3 – 59,6 % after 9 weeks. At the second stage, white clovers (Trifolium repens L.) was used additional, the concentration of diesel oil decreased to the permitted level after 13 weeks. This technology of soil cleaning may be successful use for treatment of soil polluted by oil contaminants.

<p>U okviru ove doktorske disertacije prikazan je holistiĉki pristup proučavanju objekata kulturnog nasleđa, koji je podrazumevao postavljanje metodologije ispitivanja originalnih istorijskih materijala, simulacije procesa degradacije na laboratorijski pripremljenim model supstratima, kao i razvoj novih materijala koji imaju funkciju či&scaron;ćenja degradiranih struktura. Kroz multidisciplinaran istraživački rad je izvr&scaron;ena je detaljna dijagnostika stanja srednjevekovne tvrđave Bač, procesirani su (proizvedeni i ve&scaron;tački ostareni) model supstrati opeka tako da poseduju slične karakteristike kao i ispitivani istorijski materijali, razvijene su i primenjenje glinene pulpe i na bazi njih projektovani su bioaktivni sistemi za uklanjanje nitratnih soli. Ovi novorazvijeni sistemi predstavljaju kombinaciju glinenih pulpi srednje efikasnosti koje imaju ulogu nosača bakterijske kulture Pseudomonas stutzeri, koja povećava kapacitet či&scaron;ćenja razvijenih glinenih pulpi. Rezultati ispitivanja efikasnosti bioaktivnih sistema pokazali su da upotreba suspenzije P.stutzeri (direktno naneta ili ume&scaron;ana u projektovane pulpe) dovodi do značajnog povećanja kapaciteta či&scaron;ćenja polaznih pulpi, odnosno do formiranja sistema visoke efikasnosti za proces desalinacije nitratnih soli. Pored laboratorijske primene, novorazvijeni bioaktivni sistem primenjen je u realnim uslovima na severoistočnom bedemu Tvrđave Bač varijacijom procedura nano&scaron;enja (jednostepene, dvostepene i trostepene primene). Ovaj sistem pokazao je vi&scaron;e pozitivnih performansi u realnim uslovima primene u odnosu na očekivanja bazirana na laboratorijskim istraživanjima. Na osnovu svih eksperimentalnih podataka dobijenih u okviru laboratorijskih istraživanja razvijen je algoritam (Matematičko modelovanje ve&scaron;tačkih neuronskih mreža). Ovaj algoritam bi u budućnosti svoju primenu mogao naći u predviđanju pona&scaron;anja razvijenih sistema na drugim supstratima čija je poroznost poznata, čime se skraćuje vreme projektovanja desalinacionih sistema za druge objekte.</p> / <p>The research approach to cultural heritage degradation and protection, presented in this thesis is a holistic one. It involved establishment of methodology for the investigation of original historical materials, the simulation of the degradation processes on laboratory prepared model substrates, as well as the development of novel materials with cleaning function for degraded structures. The thesis encompasses a detailed diagnostics of the medieval Baĉ Fortress, processing (manufacturing and artificial weathering) of brick model substrates with the characteristics similar to the investigated historical materials, and finally, the development and application of clay poultices which were the basis for the design of bioactive systems for the reduction of nitrate salts. These newly developed systems present a combination of moderately efficient clay poultices that are used as a carrier for bacterial culture Pseudomonas stutzeri. These bacteria had a role of increasing the cleaning capacity of the developed clay poultices. The results of the investigation of the efficacy of the developed systems showed that the use of P. stutzeri suspension (directly applied or mixed in the designed poultices) leads to a significant increase of the cleaning capacity of the developed poultices and to the formation of highly efficient bioactive systems for desalination of nitrate salts. Apart from laboratory application, the most efficient newly developed bioactive system was applied in real environmental conditions on the north-eastern rampart of Baĉ fortress, by varying the application procedure (one-step, two-step and three-step application). This system showed more positive performances in real environmental conditions of application compared to the expectations based on laboratory investigations. Based on all the experimental data obtained within laboratory investigations, an algorithm (mathematical modelling of artificial neuron networks) was programed. The developed model could find its application in the assessment of the application parameters of the developed systems on other substrates with known porosity. This would greatly decrease the time needed for the design of desalination systems for other objects.</p>

Planning road maintenance and development activities, prioritizing road construction, reconstruction and rehabilitation works, performing project economic evaluations, forecasting road operation expenditures and road user effect always requires prediction of pavement behaviour. For this purpose models of pavement deterioration are used. Commonly they are integrated in more sophisticated computational systems, known as Pavement Management systems (PMS) and Highway Development and Management systems (HDM). The implementation of these systems started in Lithuania shortly after the Re-establishment of the Independence. This was triggered by the violent drop in financing of the road sector, forcing to change obsolete road management strategy and planning approach. The need for project economic evaluations, transport modelling and long term pavement performance forecasts grew up after Lithuania joined the European Union and this brought the opportunity for financing road infrastructure projects from the EU funds. At present only on the Lithuanian state road network the total value of implemented projects, justified by evaluations and modelling with PMS, amounts to about 500 million Litas annually. Any Pavement Management System is just as good as the models within it, used for pavement deterioration prediction. The performed test calculations show that prediction models, currently used for this purpose in PMS we have in Lithuania, are of doubtful accuracy and have to be improved.

<p>Osnovni cilj istraživanja u okviru doktorske disertacije je definisanje<br />kriterijuma na osnovu optimizacije usvojenog stepena sorbiranja i<br />degradacije za modele transporta farmaceutika u aluvijalnim podzemnim<br />vodama, koji služe kao polazna osnova za postavke budućih izvori&scaron;ta<br />podzemne vode. Dobijeni su novi podaci i informacije koje će se koristiti za<br />procenu pona&scaron;anja farmaceutika, kao i za projektovanje i optimizaciju novih<br />sistema za efikasnu za&scaron;titu i upravljanje podzemnim vodama. Potpuno novi<br />rezultati se odnose na određivanje stepena eliminacije farmaceutika tokom<br />primene metode rečne obalske filtracije, kao i teorijsko i eksperimentalno<br />poređenje realnih podataka o stepenu sorbiranja i razgradnje farmaceutika.</p> / <p>The main goal of dissertation is to define new criteria based on the<br />optimization of applied sorption and degradation degree for groundwater<br />pharmaceuticals transport model, which serve as a basis for development<br />and design of the future drinking water facilities. New data and information&rsquo;s<br />are obtained and can be used for assessment of pharmaceutical behavior in<br />alluvial groundwater and for design of new and innovative systems for more<br />efficient protection and groundwater management. Novel results are referred<br />on the determination of the pharmaceuticals elimination during river bank<br />filtration and on the theoretical and experimental comparison of real data for<br />the sorption and degradation capacity of selected pharmaceuticals.</p>

<p>Osnovni cilj teze bio je doprinos poznavanju prisustva pesticida u površinskim i podzemnim vodama u Srbiji, kao i mehanizama rasprostiranja podzemnom vodom. Korišćeni su rezultati sedmogodišnje kampanje analize kvaliteta površinske vode i korespodentnih punktova za zahvatanje podzemne vode za četiri velike reke u Srbiji: Dunav, Savu, Tisu i Veliku Moravu. Pored sistematizacije i analize podataka o izvršenim analizama na pesticide voda reka i podzemnih voda, urađena su usmerena istraživanja koja se odnose na mehanizme i intenzitet sorbiranja, laboratorijska ispitivanja i terenski ogled. Rezultati ispitivanja i analiza su obrađeni numeričkim modelima.</p> / <p>The main aim of the thesis was to contribute to the knowledge of the presence<br />of pesticides in surface and groundwaters in Serbia, as well as transport<br />mechanisms in groundwater. The results of a seven-year analysis of the<br />quality of surface waters and correspondent points for groundwater<br />abstraction for the four major rivers in Serbia were used: Danube, Sava, Tisa<br />and Velika Morava. In addition to systematization and analysis of data from<br />campaigns carried out for the presence of pesticides in river water and<br />groundwater, targeted research related to the mechanisms and intensity of<br />sorption was implemented that consisted of laboratory and field experiment.<br />The results of experiments and analyzes were processed by numerical<br />models.</p>

Planning road maintenance and development activities, prioritizing road construction, reconstruction and rehabilitation works, performing project economic evaluations, forecasting road operation expenditures and road user effect always requires prediction of pavement behaviour. For this purpose models of pavement deterioration are used. Commonly they are integrated in more sophisticated computational systems, known as Pavement Management systems (PMS) and Highway Development and Management systems (HDM). The implementation of these systems started in Lithuania shortly after the Re-establishment of the Independence. This was triggered by the violent drop in financing of the road sector, forcing to change obsolete road management strategy and planning approach. The need for project economic evaluations, transport modelling and long term pavement performance forecasts grew up after Lithuania joined the European Union and this brought the opportunity for financing road infrastructure projects from the EU funds. At present only on the Lithuanian state road network the total value of implemented projects, justified by evaluations and modelling with PMS, amounts to about 500 million Litas annually. Any Pavement Management System is just as good as the models within it, used for pavement deterioration prediction. The performed test calculations show that prediction models, currently used for this purpose in PMS we have in Lithuania, are of doubtful accuracy and have to be improved... [to full text]