Delayed hypersensitivity can be conferred passively to normal animals. There exists a period when whole peritoneal exudate cells will passively confer delayed sensitivity, but a sonic extract from them will not; however, after a few more days, both whole cells and sonic extracts could transfer sensitivity. This investigation was undertaken to study the differences in cells collected at two different time intervals after initial sensitization of guinea pigs with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene.

No description available.

Dialyzable leucocytic extracts (Transfer Factor) were prepared from guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs and cattle sensitized to tuberculin, from cattle and dogs reactive to coccidioidin and from cattle sensitized to 2,4 dinitrochlorobenzene and Pasteurella multocida. These Transfer Factor (TF) preparations were used in intra- and interspecies transfers of delayed hypersensitivity (DH) and cellular immunity (CMI) in guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs, cattle and humans. Various doses and routes of administration were employed. Success of transfer was based upon dermal skin reactivity and/or clinical improvement. Our results suggest the following: (a) interspecies transfer of DH is effective with a variety of species, (b) oral administration of TF is effective and (c) cattle are effective donors of TF for use in humans and other animals because of potential quantity and strong potency of transfer material.

An epidemiological survey of Valley Fever (coccidioidomycosis) was conducted in dogs in Tucson and Phoenix. Dogs were tested for delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) using coccidioidin, a reagent that is not commercially available and results of the skin tests were compared with corresponding serologic test results.

Dogs in the Tucson area with a known history of clinical Valley Fever were tested with two skin test reagents to determine their ability to detect delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to the Coccidioides spp. The reagents used were Spherusol, from Nielsen Biologicals, and coccidioidin, which is no longer commercially available. Skin tests were read 48 hours after placement and evaluated for erythema and/or induration.

No description available.

Thesis--Copenhagen. / Summary in Danish. Bibliography: p. [109]-120.

Thesis--Copenhagen. / Summary in Danish. Bibliography: p. [109]-120.

Thesis (doctoral)--Copenhagen.

Objective: While most allergic responses to food are directed against protein epitopes and occur within 30 minutes of ingesting the allergen, recent studies suggest that delayed reactions may occur, sometimes mediated by IgE antibodies directed against carbohydrate moieties. The objective of this review is to summarize the clinical features and management of delayed hypersensitivity reactions to mammalian meat mediated by IgE antibodies to galactose-alpha 1,3-galactose (alpha-gal), an oligosaccharide.Methods: A PubMed search was conducted with MeSH terms: galactosyl-(1,3) galactose, oligosaccharides, cetuximab, allergy/hypersensitivity, and anaphylaxis. Reported cases with alpha-gal-mediated reactions were reviewed. This research study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of East Tennessee State University.Results: Thirty-two cases of adults presenting with red-meat induced allergy thought to be related to oligosaccharides have been reported in the literature so far, making this a rare and evolving syndrome. Most of these patients demonstrated delayed reactions to beef, as was seen in the case reported by us in this manuscript. IgE specific to alpha-gal was identified in most patients with variable response to skin testing with beef and pork. Inhibition studies in some cases showed that the IgE antibodies to beef were directed towards alpha-gal in the meat rather than the protein. The patients often reported history of tick bites, the significance of which is unclear at present. Reactions to cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody, are mediated by a similar mechanism, with IgE antibodies directed against an alpha-gal moiety incorporated in the drug structure.Conclusion: Alpha-gal is an oligosaccharide recently incriminated in delayed anaphylactic reactions to mammalian meats such as to beef, pork, and lamb. It appears that anaphylactic reactions to the anti-cancer biological agent, cetuximab, may be linked mechanistically to the same process. More studies are required to understand the underlying molecular basis for these delayed reactions in specific, and their broader implications for host defense in general.